Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 36, 2023 - Issue 3
186
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Lexical indicators of anxiety in schizophrenia

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 382-397 | Received 14 Jul 2020, Accepted 05 May 2022, Published online: 13 May 2022

References

  • Abel, T., & Nickl-Jockschat, T. (2016). The neurobiology of schizophrenia. Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Aikawa, S., Kobayashi, H., Nemoto, T., Matsuo, S., Wada, Y., Mamiya, N., Yamaguchi, T., Katagiri, N., Tsujino, N., & Mizuno, M. (2018). Social anxiety and risk factors in patients with schizophrenia: Relationship with duration of untreated psychosis. Psychiatry Research, 263, 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.038
  • Argaman, O. (2010). Linguistic markers and emotional intensity. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 39(2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-009-9127-1
  • Barrett, L. F., Williams, N. L., & Fong, G. T. (2002). Defensive verbal behavior assessment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 776–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289007
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Cairns, K. J. (1992). Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(3), 851–862. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.62.5.851
  • Bąk, P. (1993). Gramatyka języka polskiego [Polish grammar]. Wydawnictwo Wiedza Powszechna.
  • Beck, A. T., Rector, N. A., Stolar, N., & Grant, P. (2011). Schizophrenia. Cognitive theory, research, and therapy. Guilford Publications.
  • Brockmeyer, T., Zimmermann, J., Kulessa, D., Hautzinger, M., Bents, H., Friederich, H.-C., Herzog, W., & Backenstrass, M. (2015). Me, myself, and I: Self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to depression and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01564
  • Bucci, W., & Freedman, N. (1981). The language of depression. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 45, 334–358.
  • Buonocore, M., Bosia, M., Baraldi, M. A., Bechi, M., Spangaro, M., Cocchi, F., Bianchi, L., Guglielmino, C., Mastromatteo, A. R., & Cavallaro, R. (2018). Exploring anxiety in schizophrenia: New light on a hidden figure. Psychiatry Research, 268, 312–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.039
  • Edwards, M., & Holtzman, N. S. (2017). A meta-analysis of correlations between depression and first person singular pronoun use. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.005
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial Action Coding System (FACS): A technique for the measurement of facial actions. Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hager, J. C. (2002). Facial Action Coding System. The manual on CD ROM. Research Nexus Division of Network Information Research Corporation.
  • Emsley, R. A., Oosthuizen, P. P., Joubert, A. F., Roberts, M. C., & Stein, D. J. (1999). Depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(11), 747–751. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v60n1105
  • Ertel, S. (1986). Language, thought and culture: Toward a mergence of diverging problem fields. In I. Kurcz, G. W. Shugar, & J. H. Danks (Eds.), Knowledge and language (pp. 139–163). Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Gawda, B. (2007). Ekspresja pojęć afektywnych w narracjach osób z osobowością antyspołeczną [affective constructs expression in the narrations of people with antisocial personality]. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
  • Gawda, B. (2010). Negacje w narracjach o miłości osób antyspołecznych [negation in the narrations about love of people with antisocial personality]. In M. Straś Romanowska, B. Bartosz, & M. Żurko (Eds.), Psychologia małych i wielkich narracji. [Psychology of small and large narrations] (pp. 245–255). Wydawnictwo ENETEIA.
  • Grochowski, M., Kisiel, A., & Żabowska, M. (2014). Słownik gniazdowy partykuł polskich [The Nest Dictionary of Polish particles]. Polska Akademia Umiejętności.
  • Hancil, S. (2018). Transcategoriality. Cognitive Linguistic Studies, 5(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00013.han
  • Johnson, J. J. (2010). Beyond a shadow of doubt: The psychological nature of dogmatism. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 5(3), 1833–1882. https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/CGP/v05i03/51620
  • Kasl, S. V., & Mahl, G. F. (1965). Relationship of disturbances and hesitations in spontaneous speech to anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1(5), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021918
  • Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/13.2.261
  • Kernis, M. H., Lakey, C. E., & Heppner, W. L. (2008). Secure versus fragile high self-esteem as a predictor of verbal defensiveness: Converging findings across three different markers. Journal of Personality, 76(3), 477–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00493.x
  • Kępiński, A. (2001). Schizofrenia [schizophrenia]. Wydawnictwo Literackie.
  • Kiran, C., & Chaudhury, S. (2018). Correlates and management of comorbid anxiety disorders in schizophrenia. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 27(2), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_66_17
  • Kosacka, K. (2018). Style mówienia o zadowoleniu a wybrane cechy osobowości kobiet. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia, 31(4), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.17951/j.2018.31.4.161-178
  • Langer, A. I., Cangas, A. J., Pérez-Moreno, P. J., Carmona, J. A., & Gallego, J. (2010). Relation between experiential avoidance, hallucination-like experiences and clinical symptoms, in a non-clinical Spanish sample. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 10(2), 161–171.
  • Mahl, G. F. (1956). Disturbances and silences in the patient’s speech in psychotherapy. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53(1), 1–15. https://psycnet.apa.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047552
  • Mahl, G. F. (1987a). Everyday disturbances of speech. Plenum Press.
  • Mahl, G. F. (1987b). Explorations in nonverbal and vocal behavior. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • McGlashan, T., & Fenton, W. (1992). The positive-negative distinction in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820010063008
  • Naidu, K., van Staden, W., & Fletcher, L. (2020). Discerning undifferentiated anxiety from syndromal anxiety in acute-phase schizophrenia. Annals of General Psychiatry, 19(26), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00277-4
  • Natale, M., Dahlberg, C. C., & Jaffe, J. (1978). The relationship of defensive language behavior in patient monologues to the course of psychoanalysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(2), 466–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<466::AID-JCLP2270340246>3.0.CO;2-S
  • Norman, R. M., & Mall, A. K. (1991). Dysphoric mood and symptomatology in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 21(4), 897–903. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700029883
  • Obrębska, M. (2013a). Frequency analysis of singular first-person pronouns and verbs in the utterances of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. A research report. Lingua Posnaniensis, 55(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2013-0006
  • Obrębska, M. (2013b). Styl mówienia w schizofrenii [speech style in schizophrenia]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
  • Obrębska, M., & Nowak, S. (2011). The level of dogmatism in schizophrenia. A comparative analysis of utterance texts with the use of the suitbert Ertel dogmatism quotient. Psychology of Language and Communication, 15(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10057-011-0003-3
  • Obrębska, M., & Obrębski, T. (2007). Lexical and grammatical analysis of schizophrenic patients’ language: A preliminary report. Psychology of Language and Communication, 11(1), 63–72.
  • Obrębska, M., & Zinczuk-Zielazna, J. (2016). Style radzenia sobie z bodźcami zagrażającymi a częstość użycia partykuł w wypowiedziach jako wskaźnik lęku w sytuacji społecznej ekspozycji. Socjolingwistyka, 30, 262–275. https://doi.org/10.17651/SOCJOLING.30.19
  • Obrębska, M., & Zinczuk-Zielazna, J. (2017). Explainers as an indicator of defensive attitude to experienced anxiety in young women differing in their styles of coping with threatening stimuli. Psychology of Language and Communication, 21(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1515/plc-2017-0003
  • Öhman, A. (2000). Fear and anxiety: Evolutionary, cognitive, and clinical perspectives. In M. Lewis, & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 573–593). Guilford Press.
  • Pallanti, S., Quercioli, L., & Hollander, E. (2004). Social anxiety in outpatients with schizophrenia: A relevant cause of disability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.53
  • Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 547–577. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145041
  • Rappaport, E. (1978). The effects of dogmatism and anxiety on changes in religious identification. The Journal of Social Psychology, 104(1), 141–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1978.9924049
  • Rappaport, E. (1979). Effects of dogmatism on state anxiety during the analysis and synthesis of new beliefs. Journal of Personality Assessment, 43(3), 284–288. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4303_10
  • Redfering, D. L. (1979). Relationship between attitudes toward feminism and levels of dogmatism, achievement and anxiety. The Journal of Psychology, 101(2), 297–304. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/ https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1979.9915085
  • Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind. Investigation into nature of belief systems and personality systems. Basic Books.
  • Rude, S., Gortner, E. M., & Pennebaker, J. (2004). Language use of depressed and depression-vulnerable college students. Cognition & Emotion, 18(8), 1121–1133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000030
  • Scherer, K. (1981). Vocal indicators of stress. Speech Evaluation in Psychiatry, 171–187.
  • Śpila, B., Karakuła, H., & Grzywa, A. (2001). Objawy schizofrenii paranoidalnej a lęk – analiza dynamiczna [symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia and anxiety – a dynamic analysis]. Psychiatria Polska, 35(6), 937–949.
  • Tackman, A. M., Sbarra, D. A., Carey, A. L., Donnellan, M. B., Horn, A. B., Holtzman, N. S., Edwards, T. S., Pennebaker, J. W., & Mehl, M. R. (2019). Depression, negative emotionality, and self-referential language: A multi-lab, multi-measure, and multi-language-task research synthesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(5), 817–834. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000187
  • Temmingh, H., & Stein, D. (2015). Anxiety in patients with schizophrenia: Epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs, 29(10), 819–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-015-0282-7
  • Vrbova, K., Prasko, J., Holubova, M., Slepecky, M., & Ociskova, M. (2018). Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia and their relation to depression, anxiety, hope, self-stigma and personality traits: A cross-sectional study. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 39(1), 9–18.
  • Weinberger, D. A., & Davidson, M. N. (1994). Styles of inhibiting emotional expression: Distinguishing repressive coping from impression management. Journal of Personality, 62(4), 587–613. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00310.x
  • Weintraub, W. (1989). Verbal behavior in everyday life. Springer.
  • Weintraub, W., & Aronson, H. (1974). Verbal behavior analysis and psychological defense mechanisms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30(3), 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760090015003
  • Yilmaz, E. D., Deveci, E., Güleç, H., Gençer, A. G., Ünal, Ö, Koçer, E., & Kirpinar, İ. (2014). Correlation between anxiety and personality in caregivers for patients with schizophrenia. African Journal of Psychiatry, 17(4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2378-5756.1000130
  • Zimbardo, P. G., Mahl, G. F., & Barnard, J. W. (1963). The measurement of speech disturbance in anxious children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 28(4), 362–370. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2804.362
  • Zinczuk-Zielazna, J., & Obrębska, M. (2016). Styles of coping and the level of dogmatism in utterance texts as an indicator of anxiety in situations of social exposure. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 47(4), 402–411. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/doi:10.1515/ppb-2016-0047

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.