Publication Cover
Endothelium
Journal of Endothelial Cell Research
Volume 14, 2007 - Issue 4-5
84
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Endothelial Connexin 37, Connexin 40, and Connexin 43 Respond Uniquely to Substrate and Shear Stress

&
Pages 215-226 | Received 25 Mar 2007, Accepted 06 Aug 2007, Published online: 13 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Anderson C. L., Zundel M. A., Werner R. Variable promoter usage and alternative splicing in five mouse connexin genes. Genomics 2005; 85: 238–244
  • Brink P. R., Cronin K., Banach K., Peterson E., Westphale E. M., Seul K. H., Ramanan S. V., Beyer E. C. Evidence for heteromeric gap junction channels formed from rat connexin43 and human connexin37. American Journal of Physiology 1997; 273: C1386–C1396
  • Bruzzone R., Haefliger J. A., Gimlich R. L., Paul D. L. Connexin40, a component of gap junctions in vascular endothelium, is restricted in its ability to interact with other connexins. Molecular Biology of the Cell 1993; 4: 7–20
  • Cottrell G. T., Burt J. M. Heterotypic gap junction channel formation between heteromeric and homomeric Cx40 and Cx43 connexons. American Journal of Physiology Cellular Physiology 2001; 281: C1559–C1567
  • Cowan D. B., Lye S. J., Langille B. L. Regulation of vascular connexin 43 gene expression by mechanical loads. Circulation Research 1998; 82: 786–793
  • Dai G., KaazempurMofrad M. R., Natarajan S., Zhang Y., Vaughn S., Blackman B. R., Kamm R. D., Garcia Cardena G., Gimbrone M. A., Jr. Distinct endothelial phenotypes evoked by arterial waveforms derived from atherosclerosis susceptible and resistant regions of human vasculature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004; 101: 14871–14876
  • DePaola N., Davies P. F., Pritchard W. F., Jr., Florez L., Harbeck N., Polacek D. C. Spatial and temporal regulation of gap junction connexin43 in vascular endothelial cells exposed to controlled disturbed flows in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999; 96: 3154–3159
  • Duffy H. S., Delmar M., Spray D. C. Formation of the gap junction nexus: Binding partners for connexins. Journal of Physiology (Paris) 2002; 96: 243–249
  • Dupays L., Mazurais D., Rucker Martin C., Calmels T., Bernot D., Cronier L., Malassine A., Gros D., Theveniau Ruissy M. Genomic organization and alternative transcripts of the human connexin40 gene. Gene 2003; 305: 79–90
  • Ebong E. E., Kim S., Depaola N. Flow regulates intercellular communication in HAEC by assembling functional Cx40 and Cx37 gap junctional channels. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2006; 290: H2015–H2023
  • Fishman G. I., Spray D. C., Leinwand L. A. Molecular characterization and functional expression of the human cardiac gap junction channel. Journal of Cell Biology 1990; 111: 589–598
  • Gabriels J. E., Paul D. L. Connexin43 is highly localized to sites of disturbed flow in rat aortic endothelium but connexin37 and connexin40 are more uniformly distributed. Circulation Research 1998; 83: 636–643
  • Haefliger J. A., Nicod P., Meda P. Contribution of connexins to the function of the vascular wall. Cardiovascular Research 2004; 62: 345–356
  • Hill C. E., Phillips J. K., Sandow S. L. Heterogeneous control of blood flow amongst different vascular beds. Medical Research Reviews 2001; 21: 1–60
  • Hill C. E., Rummery N., Hickey H., Sandow S. L. Heterogeneity in the distribution of vascular gap junctions and connexins: Implications for function. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2002; 29: 620–625
  • Hirschi K. K., Burt J. M., Hirschi K. D., Dai C. Gap junction communication mediates transforming growth factor-beta activation and endothelial-induced mural cell differentiation. Circulation Research 2003; 93: 429–437
  • Hoffmann A., Gloe T., Pohl U., Zahler S. Nitric oxide enhances de novo formation of endothelial gap junctions. Cardiovascular Research 2003; 60: 421–430
  • Imberti B., Seliktar D., Nerem R. M., Remuzzi A. The response of endothelial cells to fluid shear stress using a coculture model of the arterial wall. Endothelium 2002; 9: 11–23
  • Isakson B. E., Damon D. N., Day K. H., Liao Y., Duling B. R. Connexin40 and connexin43 in mouse aortic endothelium: Evidence for coordinated regulation. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2006; 290: H1199–H1205
  • Isakson B. E., Duling B. R. Heterocellular contact at the myoendothelial junction influences gap junction organization. Circulation Research 2005; 97: 44–51
  • Kameritsch P., Hoffmann A., Pohl U. Opposing effects of nitric oxide on different connexins expressed in the vascular system. Cell Communication and Adhesion 2003; 10: 305–309
  • Kladakis S. M., Nerem R. M. Endothelial cell monolayer formation: Effect of substrate and fluid shear stress. Endothelium 2004; 11: 29–44
  • Kruger O., Beny J. L., Chabaud F., Traub O., Theis M., Brix K., Kirchhoff S., Willecke K. Altered dye diffusion and upregulation of connexin37 in mouse aortic endothelium deficient in connexin40. Journal of Vascular Research 2002; 39: 160–172
  • Kumari S. S., Varadaraj K., Valiunas V., Ramanan S. V., Christensen E. A., Beyer E. C., Brink P. R. Functional expression and biophysical properties of polymorphic variants of the human gap junction protein connexin37. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000; 274: 216–224
  • Kwak B. R., Mulhaupt F., Veillard N., Gros D. B., Mach F. Altered pattern of vascular connexin expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2002; 22: 225–230
  • Kwak B. R., Veillard N., Pelli G., Mulhaupt F., James R. W., Chanson M., Mach F. Reduced connexin43 expression inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 2003; 107: 1033–1039
  • Larson D. M., Seul K. H., Berthoud V. M., Lau A. F., Sagar G. D., Beyer E. C. Functional expression and biochemical characterization of an epitope-tagged connexin37. Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Communications 2000; 3: 115–121
  • Larson D. M., Wrobleski M. J., Sagar G. D., Westphale E. M., Beyer E. C. Differential regulation of connexin43 and connexin37 in endothelial cells by cell density, growth, and TGF-beta1. American Journal of Physiology 1997; 272: C405–C415
  • Levesque M. J., Nerem R. M. The elongation and orientation of cultured endothelial cells in response to shear stress. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 1985; 107: 341–347
  • Liao Y., Day K. H., Damon D. N., Duling B. R. Endothelial cell-specific knockout of connexin 43 causes hypotension and bradycardia in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001; 98: 9989–9994
  • Little T. L., Xia J., Duling B. R. Dye tracers define differential endothelial and smooth muscle coupling patterns within the arteriolar wall. Circulation Research 1995; 76: 498–504
  • Lo C. W., Waldo K. L., Kirby M. L. Gap junction communication and the modulation of cardiac neural crest cells. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 1999; 9: 63–69
  • McCormick S. M., Eskin S. G., McIntire L. V., Teng C. L., Lu C. M., Russell C. G., Chittur K. K. DNA microarray reveals changes in gene expression of shear stressed human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001; 98: 8955–8960
  • Passerini A. G., Polacek D. C., Shi C., Francesco N. M., Manduchi E., Grant G. R., Pritchard W. F., Powell S., Chang G. Y., Stoeckert C. J., Jr., et al. Coexisting proinflammatory and antioxidative endothelial transcription profiles in a disturbed flow region of the adult porcine aorta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004; 101: 2482–2487
  • Pfeifer I., Anderson C., Werner R., Oltra E. Redefining the structure of the mouse connexin43 gene: selective promoter usage and alternative splicing mechanisms yield transcripts with different translational efficiencies. Nucleic Acids Research 2004; 32: 4550–4562
  • Reed K. E., Westphale E. M., Larson D. M., Wang H. Z., Veenstra R. D., Beyer E. C. Molecular cloning and functional expression of human connexin37, an endothelial cell gap junction protein. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1993; 91: 997–1004
  • Rignault S., Haefliger J. A., Gasser D., Markert M., Nicod P., Liaudet L., Waeber B., Feihl F. Sepsis up-regulates the expression of connexin 40 in rat aortic endothelium. Critical Care Medicine 2005; 33: 1302–1310
  • Rummery N. M., McKenzie K. U., Whitworth J. A., Hill C. E. Decreased endothelial size and connexin expression in rat caudal arteries during hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 2002; 20: 247–253
  • Schiavi A., Hudder A., Werner R. Connexin43 mRNA contains a functional internal ribosome entry site. FEBS Letters 1999; 464: 118–122
  • Seul K. H., Beyer E. C. Mouse connexin37: Gene structure and promoter analysis. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 2000; 1492: 499–504
  • Seul K. H., Kang K. Y., Lee K. S., Kim S. H., Beyer E. C. Adenoviral delivery of human connexin37 induces endothelial cell death through apoptosis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2004; 319: 1144–1151
  • Seul K. H., Tadros P. N., Beyer E. C. Mouse connexin40: Gene structure and promoter analysis. Genomics 1997; 46: 120–126
  • Shanker A. J., Yamada K., Green K. G., Yamada K. A., Saffitz J. E. Matrix-protein-specific regulation of Cx43 expression in cardiac myocytes subjected to mechanical load. Circulation Research 2005; 96: 558–566
  • Simmons C. A., Grant G. R., Manduchi E., Davies P. F. Spatial heterogeneity of endothelial phenotypes correlates with sidespecific vulnerability to calcification in normal porcine aortic valves. Circulation Research 2005; 96: 792–799
  • Simon A. M., Goodenough D. A., Li E., Paul D. L. Female infertility in mice lacking connexin 37. Nature 1997; 385: 525–529
  • Simon A. M., Goodenough D. A., Paul D. L. Mice lacking connexin40 have cardiac conduction abnormalities characteristic of atrioventricular block and bundle branch block. Current Biology 1998; 8: 295–298
  • Simon A. M., McWhorter A. R. Vascular abnormalities in mice lacking the endothelial gap junction proteins connexin37 and connexin40. Developmental Biology 2002; 251: 206–220
  • Simon A. M., McWhorter A. R. Decreased intercellular dyetransfer and downregulation of nonablated connexins in aortic endothelium deficient in connexin37 or connexin40. Journal of Cell Science 2003; 116: 2223–2236
  • Simon A. M., McWhorter A. R., Dones J. A., Jackson C. L., Chen H. Heart and head defects in mice lacking pairs of connexins. Developmental Biology 2004; 265: 369–383
  • Sullivan R., Ruangvoravat C., Joo D., Morgan J., Wang B. L., Wang X. K., Lo C. W. Structure, sequence and expression of the mouse Cx43 gene encoding connexin 43. Gene 1993; 130: 191–199
  • Valiunas V., Gemel J., Brink P. R., Beyer E. C. Gap junction channels formed by coexpressed connexin40 and connexin43. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2001; 281: H1675–H1689
  • van Kempen M. J., Jongsma H. J. Distribution of connexin37, connexin40 and connexin43 in the aorta and coronary artery of several mammals. Histochemisty and Cell Biology 1999; 112: 479–486
  • van Rijen H. V., van Kempen M. J., Postma S., Jongsma H. J. Tumour necrosis factor alpha alters the expression of connexin43, connexin40, and connexin37 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cytokine 1998; 10: 258–264
  • Werner R. IRES elements in connexin genes: A hypothesis explaining the need for connexins to be regulated at the translational level. IUBMB Life 2000; 50: 173–176
  • Yeh H. I., Lee P. Y., Su C. H., Tian T. Y., Ko Y. S., Tsai C. H. Reduced expression of endothelial connexins 43 and 37 in hypertensive rats is rectified after 7-day carvedilol treatment. American Journal of Hypertension 2006; 19: 129–135
  • Yeh H. I., Lu C. S., Wu Y. J., Chen C. C., Hong R. C., Ko Y. S., Shiao M. S., Severs N. J., Tsai C. H. Reduced expression of endothelial connexin37 and connexin40 in hyperlipidemic mice: Recovery of connexin37 after 7-day simvastatin treatment. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2003; 23: 1391–1397
  • Yeh H. I., Rothery S., Dupont E., Coppen S. R., Severs N. J. Individual gap junction plaques contain multiple connexins in arterial endothelium. Circulation Research 1998; 83: 1248–1263

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.