A Comparison of Multi-media Models Used in Regulatory Decision-making

References

• Mackay , D. 1979 . Finding fugacity feasible . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 13 : 1218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. and Paterson , S. 1981 . Calculating fugacity . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 15 : 1006 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. and Paterson , S. 1982 . Fugacity revisited. . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 16 : 654A – 660A .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Paterson , S. , Cheung , B. and Neely , W. B. 1985 . Evaluating the environmental behavior of chemicals with the level III fugacity model . Chemosphere , 14 : 335 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. and Paterson , S. 1991 . Evaluating the multi-media fate of organic chemicals: a level III fugacity model . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 25 : 427 – 436 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Paterson , S. and Shiu , W. Y. 1992 . Generic models for evaluating the regional fate of chemicals . Chemosphere , 24 : 695 – 717 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• December 1993 . CalTOX: A Multi-media Total Exposure Model for Hazardous Waste Sites , December , 321 Sacramento, CA : The Office of Scientific Affairs, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency . Technical Reports, Parts I–IV, Cal EPA (1993)
   Google Scholar
• ECETOC . October 1994 . HAZCHEM: A Mathematical Model for Use in Risk Assessment of Substances , October , 108 Brussels : European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals . 1994, Special Report No. 8
   Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. and Paterson , S. 1990 . Development of a Fugacity Model for Assessing Chemical Fate in Canada , 46 Prepared for Health and Welfare Canada, Mrs. J. Sitwell scientific authority . Draft No. 2, May 1990
   Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Paterson , S. and Tam , D. D. September 1991 . Assessments of Chemical Fate in Canada: Continued Development of a Fugacity Model , September , 67 Prepared for Health and Welfare Canada; D.M. Kane scientific authority . 1991
   Google Scholar
• RIVM, VROM, WVC . 1994 . Uniform System for the Evaluation of Substances (USES), Version 1.0. , National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) . Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM), Ministry of Welfare, Health, and Cultural Affairs (WVC). The Hague, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. Distribution No. 11144/150
   Google Scholar
• van de Meent , D. 1993 . SIMPLEBOX: A Generic Multi-media Fate Evaluation Model , 69 Bilthoven, , The Netherlands : National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) . Report Number 672720001, August 1993
   Google Scholar
• Devillers , J. , Bintein , S. and Karcher , W. 1995 . CHEMFRANCE: a regional level III fugacity model applied to France . Chemosphere , 30 : 457 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Meent , D. , de Bruijn , J. H. M. , de Leeuw , F. A. A. M. , de Nus , A. C. M. , Jager , D. T. and Vermeire , T. G. 1995 . “ Exposure modeling ” . In Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction , Edited by: van Leeuwen , C. J. and Hermens , J. L.M. 103 – 146 . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Cowan , C. E. , Mackay , D. , Feijtel , T. C. J. , van de Meent , D. , di Guardo , A. , Davies , J. and Mackay , N. 1995 . The Multi-media Fate Model: A Vital Tool for Predicting the Fate of Chemicals , 78 Pensacola, FL. : SETAC Press .
   Google Scholar
• European Union . 1996 . EUSES: The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances , European Union . Directive 92/32/EC and EC Council Regulation 793/93 Requirement, March 1996
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 1994 . Risk Assessment of Existing Substances, Technical Guidance Document , Directorate-General Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection . Report XI/919/94-EN
   Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Shui , W. Y. and Ma , K. C. 1992 . Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate of Organic Chemicals , vol. I–III , 916 Chelsea, MI : Lewis Publishers . vol. I p. 697, vol. II p. 597, III
   Google Scholar
• Howard , P. H. 1990 . Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, vol. I and II , vol. I , 546 Chelsea, MI. : Lewis Publishers . p. 574, vol. II
   Google Scholar
• Howard , R. S. , Boethling , P. H. , Jarvis , W. F. , Meylan , W. M. and Michalenko , E. M. 1991 . Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates , 725 Chelsea, MI : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. 1991 . Multi-media Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach , 257 Chelsea, MI : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Travis , C. C. and Arms , A. D. 1988 . Bioconcentration of organics in beef, milk and vegetation . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 22 : 271 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struijs , J. and van den Berg , R. 1995 . Standardized biodegradation tests: extrapolation to aerobic environments . Water Res. , 29 : 255 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Staples , C. A. , Peterson , D. R. , Parkerton , T. F. and Adams , W. J. 1996 . A literature review: the environmental fate of phthalates . Chemosphere , submitted to
   Google Scholar
• Cowan , C. E. , Larson , R. J. , Feijtel , T. C. J. and Rapaport , R. A. 1993 . An improved model for predicting the fate of consumer product chemicals in wastewater treatment plants . Water Res. , 27 : 561 – 573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobas , F. A. P. C. , Clark , K. E. , Shiu , W. Y. and Mackay , D. 1989 . Bioconcentration of polybrominated benzenes and biphenyls and related superhydrophobic chemicals in fish: role of bioavailability and elimination into the feces . Environ. Tox. Chem. , 8 : 231 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Bintein , S. , Devillers , J. and Karcher , W. 1993 . Nonlinear dependence of fish bioconcentration on n-octanol/water partition coefficient . SAR QSAR Env. Res. , 1 : 29 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar