Tactile Pavings and Urban Places of Cultural Interest: A Study on Detectability of Contrasting Walking Surface Materials

Bibliography

• M. Agostiano, “Accessibilità nei luoghi di interesse culturale: le Linee Guida del Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali,” in M. Benente, M.C. Azzolino, and A. Lacirignola, eds., Accessibilità e fruibilità nei luoghi di interesse culturale (Roma: Ermes, 2015) 23–50.
   Google Scholar
• M. Agostiano, A. Pane, E. Virdia, L. Baracco, and G. Caprara, Guidelines to Overcome Architectural Barriers in Cultural Heritage Sites (Roma: Gangemi, 2011).
   Google Scholar
• J. Aiello, and E. Steinfeld, Accessible Buildings for People with Severe Visual Impairment (Washington, DC: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1980).
   Google Scholar
• A. Arenghi, I. Garofolo, and A. Laurìa, “Accessibility as a Design Resource for the Enhancement of Lesser-Known Cultural Sites from the Perspective of Tourism,” in R. Crisan, D. Fiorani, L. Kealy, and S. F. Musso, eds., Conservation Reconstruction. Small Historic Centers Conservation in the Midst of Change (Hasselt: EAAE, 2015) 409–415.
   Google Scholar
• P. Arthur, and R. Passini, Way-Finding: People. Signs, and Architecture (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1992).
   Google Scholar
• P. Barker, J. Barrick, and R. Wilson, Building Sight: A Handbook of Building and Interior Design Solutions to Include the Needs of Visually Impaired People (London: Royal National Institute for the Blind, 1995).
   Google Scholar
• B.L. Bentzen, T.L. Nolin, and R.D. Easton, Detectable Warning Surfaces: Color, Contrast and Reflectance. Report No. FTA-MA-06-0201-94-3. (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, 1994).
   Google Scholar
• B.L. Bentzen, J.M. Barlow, and L.S. Tabor, Detectable Warnings: Synthesis of U.S. and International Practice (Washington, DC: U.S. Access Board, 2000).
   Google Scholar
• M. Brambring, “Mobility and Orientation Processes of the Blind,” in D.H. Warren, and E.R. Strelow, eds., Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind (Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1985) 493–508.
   Google Scholar
• CEN/TS 15209, Tactile Paving Surface Indicators Produced from Concrete, Clay and Stone (CEN: Brussels, 2008).
   Google Scholar
• Center for Universal Design, The Principles of Universal Design, Version 2.0. North Carolina State University. <http://www.ncsu.edu/www/ncsu/design/sod5/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm> Accessed January 29, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• CERTU, Dispositifs directionnels de guidage, ou de repérage sur passages piétons ou trottoirs pour personnes aveugles et mal-voyantes [ Directional Devices for Guiding or Locating on Crosswalks or Sidewalks for Blind and Visually Impaired People] (Lyon: CERTU, 2009) <http://www.certu-catalogue.fr/> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• A. Courtney, and H.M. Chow, “A Study of Tile Design for Tactile Guide Pathways,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 25: 6 (2000) 693–698. doi: 10.1016/S0169-8141(99)00051-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. De Bruin, “The Constant Contact Technique,” AAWB Newsletter 9 (1981) 23–31.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Transport, Shared Space. Local Transport Note 1/11. (London: The Stationery Office, 2011).
   Google Scholar
• DETR, Guidance on the use of Tactile Paving Surfaces (London: The Stationery Office, 1998) <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-the-use-of-tactile-paving-surfaces> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• M. Dischinger, and J.M. Jackson Filho, “Can Tactile Tiles Create Accessible Urban Spaces?,” Space and Culture 15: 3 (2012) 210–223. doi: 10.1177/1206331212445958
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U. Eco, A Theory of Semiotics (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976).
   Google Scholar
• English Heritage, Easy Access to Historic Buildings (London: English Heritage, 2004) <www.english-heritage.org.uk> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• English Heritage, Easy Access to Historic Landscapes (London, England: English Heritage, 2005a) <www.english-heritage.org.uk> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• English Heritage, Streets for All (London, England: English Heritage, 2005b) <www.english-heritage.org.uk>
   Google Scholar
• P. Felli, A. Lauria and A. Bacchetti, Comunicatività ambientale e pavimentazioni. La segnaletica sul piano di calpestio (Pisa: ETS, 2004).
   Google Scholar
• K.D. Frick, and A. Foster, “The Magnitude and Cost of Global Blindness: An Increasing Problem that can be Alleviated,” American Journal of Ophthalmology 135: 4 (2003) 471–47. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)02110-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Gallon, Tactile Surfaces in the Pedestrian Environment: Experiments in Wolverhampton: Contractor Report 317 (Crowthorne: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1992) <www.trl.co.uk> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• GDBA and UCL, Testing Proposed Delineators to Demarcate Pedestrian Paths in a Shared Space Environment (Reading: Guide Dogs for the Blind Association, 2008) <www.cege.ucl.ac.uk/arg/pamela/Documents/SharedSpaceDelineators.pdf.> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• S. Goldsmith, Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm (Oxford: Architectural Press, 1997).
   Google Scholar
• J.S. Hauger, M.P. Safewright, J.C. Rigby, and W.J. McAuley, Detectable Warnings Project: Report of Field Tests and Observations. Final Report to U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. (Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994).
   Google Scholar
• A. Hidekatsu, and M. Seiji, “Tactile Walking Surface Indicators. Making Streets Safer for Visually Impaired Pedestrians,” Iso Focus + 3: 7 (2012) 28–31.
   Google Scholar
• E. Hill, and P. Ponder, Orientation and Mobility Techniques (New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1976).
   Google Scholar
• IDGO, Tactile Paving Design, Sitting and Laying (2010) <http://www.idgo.ac.uk/useful_resources/publications.htm> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• ISO 21542, Building Construction - Accessibility and Usability of the Built Environment (ISO: Geneva, 2011).
   Google Scholar
• ISO 23599, Assistive Products for Blind and Vision-Impaired Persons - Tactile Walking Surface Indicators (ISO: Geneva, 2012).
   Google Scholar
• W.H. Jacobson, The Art and Science of Teaching Orientation and Mobility to Persons with Visual Impairments (New York, NY: American Foundation for the Blind, 1993).
   Google Scholar
• E. Jansson, A. Stahl, S. Iwarsson, S. Dahlin-Ivanoff, and M. Almen, “Blind People Testing the Tactility of Different Surfaces in Experimental and Real Environments,” paper presented at the 11th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons, TRANSED (Montreal, 2007).
   Google Scholar
• D.S. Kim, R.W. Emerson, and A.B. Curtis, “Ergonomic Factors Related to Drop-off Detection with a Long Cane, Effects of Cane Tips and Techniques”, Human Factors 52: 3 (2009) 456–465. doi: 10.1177/0018720810374196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.S. Kim, R.W. Emerson, and E. Gaves, “Travel in Adverse Winter Weather Conditions by Blind Pedestrians: Effect of Cane Tip Design on Travel on Snow,” Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 110 (2016) 53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Kobayashi, T. Takashima, M. Hayashi, and H. Fujimoto, “Gait Analysis of People Walking on Tactile Ground Surface Indicators,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 13: 1 (2005) 53–59. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2004.841880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. König, Handbuch über die blinden- und sehbehindertengerechte Umwelt- und Verkehrsraumgestaltung [ Handbook on the Blind and Partially Sighted. Environment, Transport and Interior Design] (Bonn: Deutscher Blindenverband, 1997).
   Google Scholar
• J. Kremkow, J. Jin, S.J. Komban, Y. Wang, R. Lashgari, X. Li, M. Jansen, Q. Zaidi, and J-M. Alonso, “Neuronal Nonlinearity Explains Greater Visual Spatial Resolution for Darks than Lights,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111: 1 (2014) 3170–3175. <http://www.pnas.org/content/111/8/3170.full.pdf> Accessed April 30, 2016. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1310442111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.J. LaGrow, “Improving Perception for Orientation and Mobility,” in W.R. Wiener, R.L. Welsch, and B.B. Blasch, eds., Foundations of Orientation and Mobility, Vol. 2. (3rd ed.) (New York, NY: American Foundation for the Blind, 2010) 3–26.
   Google Scholar
• S.J. LaGrow, and M.J. Weessies, Orientation and Mobility: Techniques for Independence (Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press, 1994).
   Google Scholar
• A. Lauria, “Accessibility to Cultural Heritage as a Design Challenge,” in A. Arenghi, I. Garofolo and O. Sørmoen, eds., Accessibility as a Key Enabling Knowledge for Enhancement of Cultural Heritage (Franco Angeli: Milano, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• H. Lee, “The Effects of Truncated Dome Detectable Warnings on Travelers Negotiating Curb Ramps in Wheelchairs,” Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 105: 5 (2011) 648–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Loo-Morrey, Tactile Paving Survey. Report Number HSL2005/07. (Buxton: Health and Safety Laboratory, 2005).
   Google Scholar
• B. Lowenfeld, Berthold Lowenfeld on Blindness and Blind People, Selected Papers (New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1981).
   Google Scholar
• K. Lynch, The Image of the City (Boston: MIT, 1960).
   Google Scholar
• R. Mace, Universal Design, Barrier Free Environments for Everyone (Los Angeles: Designers West, 1985).
   Google Scholar
• R. Mace, G. Hardle, and J. Plaice, “Accessible Environment: Toward Universal Design,” in W.F.E. Preiser, J.C. Vischer, and E.T. White, eds., Design Interventions: Toward a More Human Architecture (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991) 155–175.
   Google Scholar
• R. Methorst, J. Gerlach, D. Boenke, and J. Leven, “Shared Space: Safe or Dangerous? A Contribution to Objectification of a Popular Design Philosophy,” presented at the WALK21 Conference (Toronto, 2007) <http://www.walk21.com/papers/Methorst%20Shared%20Space.pdf> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• T. Mizuno, K. Tokuda, A. Nishidate and K. Arai, “Installation Errors and Corrections in Tactile Ground Surface Indicators in Europe, America, Oceania and Asia,” IATSS Research 32: 2 (2008) 68–80. doi: 10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60210-7
   Google Scholar
• J.F. Moran, and K. Williams, “From Tiling the Plane to Paving Town Square,” in M. Emmer, ed., Mathematics and Culture II, Visual Perfection: Mathematics and Creativity (Berlin: Springer, 2005) 5–21.
   Google Scholar
• M. Morioka, and S. Maeda, “Measurement of Hand-Transmitted Vibration of Tapping the Long Cane for Visually Handicapped People in Japan,” Industrial Health 36 (1998) 179–190. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.36.179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NDA and DoAHG, Improving the Accessibility of Historic Building and Places (Dublin: Stationary Office, 2011) <http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/Publications/HeritagePublications/BuiltHeritagePolicyPublications/> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• S.H. Norgate, “Accessibility of Urban Spaces for Visually Impaired Pedestrians,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Municipal Engineer 165: 1 (2012) 231–237. doi: 10.1680/muen.12.00019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRCD, Tactile Ground Surface Indicators for Blind Persons (Tokorozawa City: NRCD, 2003).
   Google Scholar
• M.G. Ormerod, R.A. Newton, H.A. MacLennan, M. Faruk, S.B.A. Thies, L.P.J. Kenney, D. Howard, and C.J. Nester, “Older People’s Experiences of Using Tactile Paving,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Municipal Engineer 168: 1 (2014) 3–10. doi: 10.1680/muen.14.00016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Parkin and N. Smithies, “Accounting for the Needs of Blind and Visually Impaired People in Public Realm Design,” Journal of Urban Design 17: 1 (2012) 135–149. doi: 10.1080/13574809.2012.646139
   Google Scholar
• E. Pavlos, J. Sanford, and E. Steinfeld, Detectable Tactile Surface Treatments (Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985).
   Google Scholar
• A.P. Payne, “Understanding Change in Place: Spatial Knowledge Acquired by Visually Impaired Users through Change in Footpath Materials,” Dissertation, UMI Microform # 3357185, Proquest LLC (Ann Arbor, MI, 2009) <http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/bitstream/1840.16/5024/1/etd.pdf> Accessed May 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• A.F. Peck, and B.L. Bentzen, Tactile Warnings to Promote Safety in the Vicinity of Transit Platform Edges. Report No. UMTA-MA-06-120-87-1. (Cambridge, MA: Transportation System Center, 1987).
   Google Scholar
• S. von Prondzinski, “Le persone non vedenti e l’autonomia negli spostamenti,” in A. Lauria, ed., Persone ‘reali’ e progettazione dell’ambiente costruito (Rimini: Maggioli, 2003) 105–116.
   Google Scholar
• A. Rapoport, The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Non-Verbal Communication Approach (Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 1990).
   Google Scholar
• M.D. Rodgers, and R.W. Emerson, “Material Testing in Long Cane Design: Sensitivity, Flexibility, and Transmission of Vibration,” Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 99: 11 (2005) 696–706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Rosburg, “Tactile Ground Surface Indicators in Public Places,” in M. Grunwald, ed., Human Haptic Perception: Basic and Application (Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008) 491–499.
   Google Scholar
• N. Salingaros, “Urban Space and its Information Field,” Journal of Urban Design 4: 1 (1999) 29–49. doi: 10.1080/13574809908724437
   Google Scholar
• A.C. Scott, J.M. Barlow, D.A. Guth, B.B. Bentzen, C.M. Cunningham, and R. Long, “Nonvisual Cues for Aligning to Cross Streets,” Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness 105 (2011a) 648–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.C. Scott, J.M. Barlow, D.A. Guth, B.B. Bentzen, C.M. Cunningham, and R. Long, “Walking Between the Lines: Nonvisual Cues for Maintaining Headings During Street Crossings,” Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness 105 (2011b) 662–674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Shimizu, T. Murakami, M. Ohkura, I. Tanaka, and M. Tauchi, “Braille Tiles as a Guiding System in Japan for Blind Travelers,” in Paper Presented at the 6th International Mobility Conference, Vol. I (Madrid: Once, 1991) 145–150.
   Google Scholar
• O. Sørmoen, ed., Accessibility to Cultural Heritage Nordic Perspectives (Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• A. Ståhl, and M. Almén, How do Blind People Orient Themselves Along a Continuous Guidance Route? (Kristianstad: Swedish Traffic Administration, 2007).
   Google Scholar
• A. Ståhl, M. Almén, and M. Wemme, Orientation Using Guidance Surfaces – Blind Tests of Tactility in Surfaces with Different Materials and Structures (Borlänge: Swedish Road Administration, 2004).
   Google Scholar
• A. Ståhl, E. Newman, S. Dahlin-Ivanoff, M. Almén, and S. Iwarsson, “Detection of Warning Surfaces in Pedestrian Environments: The Importance for Blind People of Kerbs, Depth, and Structure of Tactile Surfaces,” Disability and Rehabilitation 32: 6 (2010) 469–482. doi: 10.3109/09638280903171543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.F. Story, J.L. Mueller, and R.L. Mace, The Universal Design File: Designing for People of All Ages and Abilities (Raleigh: School of Design, The Center for Universal Design, NC State University, 1998).
   Google Scholar
• J.A. Templer, and J.D. Wineman, The Feasibility of Accommodating Physically Handicapped Individuals on Pedestrian Over and Undercrossing Structures: Final Report (Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration, 1980).
   Google Scholar
• J.A. Templer, J.D. Wineman, and C.M. Zimrig, Design Guidelines to Make Crossing Structures Accessible to the Physically Handicapped (Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration, 1982).
   Google Scholar
• L. Thaler, “Echolocation May have Real-Life Advantages for Blind People: An Analysis of Survey Data,” Frontiers in Integrative Physiology 4: 98 (2013) <http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2013.00098/full> Accessed June 13, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• S.B. Thies, L.P.J. Kenney, D. Howard, C.J. Nester, M. Ormerod, R. Newton, R.D. Baker, M. Faruk, and H.A. Maclennan, “Biomechanics for Inclusive Urban Design: Effects of Tactile Paving on Older Adults’ Gait when Crossing the Street,” Journal of Biomechanics 44: 8 (2011) 1599–1604. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (A/R/61/106) (New York: United Nations, 2006) <http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf> Accessed January 9, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• K.T. Wardell, “Environmental Modifications,” in R.L. Welsh, and B.B. Blasch, eds., Foundation of Orientation and Mobility (New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1987) 477–527.
   Google Scholar
• W.R. Wiener, “Audition,” in R.L. Welsh, and B.B. Blasch, eds., Foundation of Orientation and Mobility (New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1987) 115–185.
   Google Scholar