493
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Geophysical and Geological Exploration of Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts: An Attempt of Small-Scale Mapping on a Micronesian Seamount

&
Pages 192-206 | Received 14 Sep 2009, Accepted 09 Nov 2009, Published online: 25 Aug 2010

References

  • Abrams , L. J. , R. L. Larsoon , T. H. Shipley , and Y. Lancelot . 1993 . Cretaceous volcanic sequences and Jurrasic oceanic crust in the east Mariana and Pigafetta basins of the western Pacific . In: The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, Tectonics, and Volcanism . et al. ., (eds.), 77 – 101 . Washington : AGU Monograph 77 .
  • Glasby , G. P. , R. Ren , X. Ahi , and I. A. Pulyaeva . 2007 . Co–rich Mn crusts from the Magellan Seamount cluster: the long journey through time . Geo-Marine Letters 27 : 315 – 323 .
  • Halbach , P. and F. T. Manheim . 1984 . Potential of cobalt and other metals in ferromanganese crusts on seamounts of the central Pacific basin . Marine Mining 4 : 319 – 336 .
  • Heezen , B. C. , A. G. Fischer , R. E. Boyce , D. Bukry , R. G. Douglas , R. E. Garrison , S. A. Kling , V. Krasheninnikov , A. P. Lisitzin , and A. C. Pim . 1971a . Site 58 . In: Initial Reports of the Deep Dea Drilling Project, vol. VI . et al. ., (eds.), 539 – 556 . Washington , U.S.A .
  • Heezen , B. C. , A. G. Fischer , R. E. Boyce , D. Bukry , R. G. Douglas , R. E. Garrison , S. A. Kling , V. Krasheninnikov , A. P. Lisitzin , and A. C. Pim . 1971b . Site 59 . In: Initial Reports of the Deep Dea Drilling Project , vol. VI . et al. ., (eds.), 557 – 585 . Washington , U.S.A .
  • Hein , J. R. , A. Koschinsky , M. Bau , F. T. Manheim , J.-K. Kang , and L. Roberts . 2000 . Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Pacific . In: Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits . Cronan , D. S. (ed.), 239 – 279 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
  • Hein , J. R. , A. Koschinsky , P. Halbach , F. T. Manheim , M. Bau , J.-K. Kang , and N. Lubik . 1997 . Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific . In: Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits . et al. ., (eds.), 123 – 138 . London , Geological Society Special Publication 119 .
  • Hein , J. R. , T. A. Conrad , and R. E. Dunham . 2009 . Seamount characteristics and mine-site model applied to exploration- and mining-lease-block selection for Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts . Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 27 : 160 – 176 .
  • Hodkinson , R. A. and D. S. Cronan . 1991 . Regional and depth variability in the composition of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the SOPAC area and adjacent parts of the central equatorial Pacific . Marine Geology 98 : 437 – 447 .
  • Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) . 2006 . Report on The Cooperative Study Project on the Deepsea Mineral Resources in Selected Offshore Areas of the SOPAC Region, Sea Area of the Federated States of Micronesia, vol. 3, p. 52 .
  • Keating , B. H. , D. P. Mattey , C. E. Helsley , J. J. Naughton , D. Epp , A. Lazarewicz , and D. Schwank . 1984. Evidence for a hot spot origin of the Caroline Islands. Jour. Geophys. Res. 89(B12): 9937–9948.
  • Koschinsky , A. and P. Halbach . 1995 . Sequential leaching of marine ferromanganese precipitates: Genetic implications . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 : 5113 – 5132 .
  • Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ) . 1999 . Report on The Cooperative Study Project on the Deepsea Mineral Resources in Selected Offshore Areas of the SOPAC Region, Sea Area of the Federated States of Micronesia, vol. 4–2, p. 147.
  • Okamoto , N. 2006 . Results of Deep-sea Mineral Exploration in the South Pacific, unpublished pdf file accessible from JOGEMC homepage: http://www.jogmec.go.jp/mric_web/koenkai/
  • Rona , P. 2003 . Resources of the sea floor . Science 299 : 673 – 674 .
  • Usui , A. 2005 . Factors controlling the grade and abundance of ferromanganese crusts: The northwestern Pacific ocean as case study . Proc. 5th Ocean Mining Symposium 23 – 26 .
  • Usui , A. and T. Ito . 1993 . Fossil manganese deposits buried within DSDP/ODP cores, legs 1–126 , Marine Geology 119 : 111 – 136 .
  • Usui , A. and M. Someya . 1997 . Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the northwest Pacific . In: Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits . et al. ., (eds.), p. 177 – 198 . London , Geological Society Special Publication 119 .
  • Usui , A. , I. J. Graham , R. G. Ditchburn , A. Zondervan , H. Shibasaki , and H. Hishida . 2007 . Growth history and formation environments of ferromanganese deposits on the Philippine Sea Plate, northwest Pacific Ocean . Island Arc 16 : 420 – 430 .
  • Usui , A. , O. Ishizuka , and M. Yuasa . 1999 . Mode of occurrence of iron-manganese crusts on inactive seamounts in the northwestern Pacific back-arc setting . Proc. 3rd Ocean Mining Symposium 91 – 96 .
  • Winterer , E. L. , W. R. Riedel , R. M. Moberly , Jr. , J. M. Resig , L. W. Kroenke , E. L. Gealy , G. R. Heath , P. Brönnimann , E. Martini , and T. R. Worsley . 1971 . Site 61 . In: Initial Reports of the Deep Dea Drilling Project , vol. VII-part I. et al. ., (eds.), 27 – 47 . Washington , U.S.A .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.