Miniature LVDT setup for local strain measurement on cement-treated clay specimens

References

• Asano, J., K. Ban, K. Azuma, and K. Takahashi. 1996. Deep mixing method of soil stabilization using coal ash. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Ground Improvement Geosystems, Grouting and Deep Mixing, Tokyo, 393–98.
   Google Scholar
• Bahador, M., and A. Pak. 2012. Small-strain shear modulus of cement-admixed Kaolinite. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 30 (1):163–71. doi:10.1007/s10706-011-9458-1.
   Google Scholar
• Bergado, D. T., C. Taechakumthorn, G. A. Lorenzo, and H. M. Abuel-Naga. 2006. Stress and deformation behavior under anisotropic drained triaxial consolidation of cement-treated soft Bangkok clay. Soils and Foundations 46 (5):629–37. doi:10.3208/sandf.46.629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bésuelle, P., and J. Desrues. 2001. An internal instrumentation for axial and radial strain measurements in triaxial tests. Geotechnical Testing Journal 24 (2):193–99. doi:10.1520/gtj11339j.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew, S. H., A. H. M. Kamruzzaman, and F. H. Lee. 2004. Physicochemical and engineering behavior of cement treated clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 130 (7):696–706. doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:7(696).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consoli, N. C., A. Viana da Fonseca, R. C. Cruz, S. R. Silva, and A. Fonini. 2012. Parameters controlling stiffness and strength of artificially cemented soils. Geotechnique 62 (2):177–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia, A. G., T. Valente, J. Tinoco, J. Falcão, J. Barata, D. Cebola, and S. Coelho. 2009. Evaluation of mechanical properties of jet-grouting columns using different test methods. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. M. Hamza et al. (Eds.).
   Google Scholar
• Costa Filho, L. D. M. 1985. Measurement of axial strains in triaxial tests on London Clay. Geotechnical Testing Journal 8 (1):3–13. doi:10.1520/gtj10851j.
   Google Scholar
• Cuccovillo, T., and M. R. Coop. 1997. The measurement of local axial strains in triaxial tests using LVDTs. Géotechnique 47 (1):167–71. doi:10.1680/geot.1997.47.1.167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daramola, O. 1978. The influence of stress-history on the deformation of a sand. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, London.
   Google Scholar
• Flores, R. D. V., G. D. Emidio, and W. F. V. Impe. 2010. Small-strain shear modulus and strength increase of cement-treated clay. Geotechnical Testing Journal 33 (1):1–10. doi:10.1520/gtj102354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallavresi, F. 1992. Grouting improvement of foundation soils. In Proceedings of the grouting, soil improvement and geosynthetics, ASCE, ed. R. H. Borden, R. O. Holtz, and I. Juran, vol. 1, 1–38. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Goto, S., F. Tatsuoka, S. Shibuya, Y. Kim, and T. Sato. 1991. A simple gauge for local small strain measurements in the laboratory. Soils and Foundations 31 (1):169–80. doi:10.3208/sandf1972.31.169.
   Google Scholar
• Horpibulsuk, S., R. Rachan, A. Suddeepong, and A. Chinkulkijniwat. 2011. Strength development in cement admixed Bangkok clay: Laboratory and field investigations. Soils and Foundations 51 (2):239–51. doi:10.3208/sandf.51.239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibraim, E., and H. D. Benedetto. 2005. New local system of measurement of axial strains for triaxial apparatus using LVDT. Geotechnical Testing Journal 28 (5):1–9. doi:10.1520/gtj11630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine, R. J. 1992. Some observations on the kinematic nature of soil stiffness. Soils and Foundations 32 (1):11–24. doi:10.3208/sandf1972.32.2_111.
   Google Scholar
• Kasama, K., K. Zen, and K. Iwataki. 2006. Undrained shear strength of cement-treated soil. Soils and Foundations 46 (2):221–32. doi:10.3208/sandf.46.221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasama, K., K. Zen, and K. Iwataki. 2007. High-strengthening of cement-treated clay by mechanical dehydration. Soils and Foundations 47 (2):171–84. doi:10.3208/sandf.47.171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki, T., A. Niina, S. Saitoh, Y. Suzuki, and Y. Honjo. 1981. Deep mixing method using cement hardening agent. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, Vol. 3, 1–724.
   Google Scholar
• Kongsukprasert, L., F. Tatsuoka, and H. Takahashi. 2007. Effects of curing period and stress conditions on the strength and deformation characteristics of cement-mixed soil. Soils and Foundations 47 (3):577–96. doi:10.3208/sandf.47.577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, F. H., Y. Lee, S. H. Chew, and K. Y. Yong. 2005. Strength and modulus of marine clay- cement mixes. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 131 (2):178–86. doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2005)131:2(178).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., J. Hu, Y. P. Li, and L. H. Li. 2017. Statistical evaluation of the overall strength of a soil-cement column under axial compression. Construction and Building Materials 132 (2017):51–60. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.098.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Y. J. Jiang, H. Xiao, and F. H. Lee. 2017. Determination of representative strength of deep cement-mixed clay from core strength data. Géotechnique 67 (4):350–64. doi:10.1680/jgeot.16.p.105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura, N., S. Horpibulsuk, and T. S. Nagagaj. 2001. Engineering behavior of cement stabilized clay at high water content. Soils and Foundations 41 (5):33–45. doi:10.3208/sandf.41.5_33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabbi, A. T. M. Z., J. Kuwano, and J. L. Deng. 2011. Effect of curing stress and period on the mechanical properties of cement-mixed sand. Soils and Foundations 51 (4):651–61. doi:10.3208/sandf.51.651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitoh, S., A. Niina, and R. Babasaki. 1980. Effect of curing temperature on the strength of treated soils and consideration on measurement of elastic modulus. Proc. Symp. on Testing of Treated Soils, JSSMFE, 61–66 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Saiyouri, N., M. Bouasker, and A. Khelidj. 2008. Gas permeability measurement on injected soils with cement grout. Cement and Concrete Research 38:95–103. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakka, H., H. Ochiai, N. Yasufuku, K. Omine, and M. Nakshima. 1998. A nondestructive testing for evaluating the improvement effect of cement-stabilized soils. Proc. International symposium on lowland technology, Saga University, Nov., 167–74.
   Google Scholar
• Santagata, M. C., J. T. Germaine, and C. C. Ladd. 1999. Initial stiffness of K0-normally consolidated Boston Blue Clay measured in the triaxial apparatus. Proc. Of the 2nd international symposium on pre-failure deformaiton characteristics of geomaterials, IS-Torino-99, Vol. 1, 27–34.
   Google Scholar
• Scholey, G. K., J. D. Frost, D. C. F. Lo Presti, and M. Jamiolkowski. 1995. A review of instrumentation for measuring small strains during triaxial testing of soil specimens. Geotechnical Testing Journal 18 (2):137–56. doi:10.1520/gtj10318j.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng, S., and H. Tanaka. 2011. Properties of cement-treated soils during the initial curing stages. Soils and Foundations 51 (5):775–84. doi:10.3208/sandf.51.775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, T. S., T. L. Goh, and K. Y. Yong. 2002. Properties of Singapore marine clays improved by cement mixing. Geotechnical Testing Journal 25 (4):422–33. doi:10.1520/gtj11295j.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatsuoka, F. 2010. Cement-mixed soils in trans-Tokyo Bay highway project. Soils and Foundations 50 (6):785–804. doi:10.3208/sandf.50.785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatsuoka, F., D. Lo Presti, and Y. Kohata. 1995. Deformation characteristics of soils and soft rocks under monotonic and cyclic loads and their relationships. Third International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics.
   Google Scholar
• Terashi, M. 1997. Theme lecture: Deep mixing method – brief state-of-art. Proc. 14th ICSMFE, Vol. 4, 2475–78.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, H. 2016. Evaluating the stiffness of chemically stabilized marine clay. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 35:698–709. doi:10.1080/1064119X.2016.1219891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, H. W., F. H. Lee, and K. G. Chin. 2014. Yielding of cement-treated marine clay. Soils and Foundations 54 (3):488–501. doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2014.04.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, H., W. Shen, and F. H. Lee. 2017. Engineering properties of marine clay admixed with Portland cement and blended cement with siliceous fly ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE 29 (10):04017177. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yimsiri, S., and K. Soga. 2002. A review of local strain measurement systems for triaxial testing of soils. Geotechnical Engineering. SEAGS 33 (1):41–52.
   Google Scholar
• Yimsiri, S., K. Soga, and S. G. Chandler. 2005. Cantilever-type local deformation transducer for local axial strain measurement in triaxial test. Geotechnical Testing Journal 28 (5):1–7. doi:10.1520/gtj11432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, J. H., and C. K. Lai. 1998. Strength and stiffness of Hong Kong marine deposits mixed with cement. Geotechnical Engineering 29 (1):29–44.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, R. J., A. M. Santoso, T. S. Tan, and K. K. Phoon. 2013. Strength of high water-content marine clay stabilized by low amount of cement. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139 (12):2170–81. doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000951.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R. J., J. J. Zheng, and X. Y. Bian. 2017. Experimental investigation on effect of curing stress on the strength of cement-stabilized clay at high water content. Acta Geotechnica 12 (4):921–36. doi:10.1007/s11440-016-0511-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar