Hemodynamically-Directed Atenolol Therapy is Associated with a Blunted Rise in Maternal sFLT–1 Levels During Pregnancy

REFERENCES

• Krauss T, Kuhn W, Lakoma C, Augustin H. Circulating endothelial cell adhesion molecules as diagnostic markers for the early identification of pregnant women at risk for development of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gyecol 1997; 177: 443–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood C, Peters J. Increased plasma levels of ED1 + cellular fibronectin precede the clinical signs of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 358–362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks G, Studena K, Sargent I, Redman C. Normal pregnancy and preeclampsia both produce inflammatory changes in peripheral blood leukocytes akin to those of sepsis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: 80–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams MA, Farrand A, Mittendorf R, Sorensen TK, Zingheim RW, O'Reilly GC, King IB, Zebelman AM, Luthy DA. Maternal second trimester serum tumor necrosis factor-α soluble receptor p55 (sTNFp55) and subsequent risk of preeclampsia. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 323–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easterling T, Benedetti T, Schmucker B, Millard S. Maternal hemodynamics in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies: A longitudinal study. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76: 1061–1069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosio P, O'Herlihy R, Conroy P, McKenna P. Maternal central hemodynamics in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178: S6
   Google Scholar
• De Paco C, Kametas N, Rencoret G, Strobl I, Nicolaides KH. Maternal cardiac output between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of preeclampsia and small for gestational age. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 292–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easterling TR, Brateng D, Schmucker B, Brown Z, Millard SP. Prevention of preeclampsia: a randomized trial of atenolol in hyperdynamic patients before onset of hypertension. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93: 725–733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr DB, McDonald GB, Brateng D, Desai M, Thach CT, Easterling TR. The relationship between hemodynamics and inflammatory activation in women at risk for preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98: 1109–1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks RE, Forbes MA, Searles J, Pappin D, Canas B, Rahman D, Kaufmann S, et al. Evidence for the existence of a novel pregnancy-associated soluble variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, Flt-1. Mol Hum Reprod 1998; 4: 377–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DE, Smith SK, He Y, Day KA, Licence DR, Corps AN, Lammoglia R, Charnock-Jones DS. A vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist is produced by the human placenta and released into the maternal circulation. Biol Reprod 1998; 59: 1540–1548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujold E, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim YM, Kim GJ, Kim MR, Espinoza J, Goncalves LF, Edwin S, Mazor M. Evidence supporting that the excess of the sVEGFR-1 concentration in maternal plasma in preeclampsia has a uterine origin. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005; 18: 9–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall RL, Thomas KA. Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90: 10705–10709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, McMaster M, Woo K, Janatpour M, Perry J, Karpanen T, Alitalo K, Damsky C, Fisher SJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome. Am J Pathol 2002; 160: 1405–1423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Li J, Mondal S, Libermann TA, et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 649–658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsatsaris V, Goffin F, Munaut C, Brichant JF, Pignon MR, Noel A, Schaaps JP, Cabrol D, Frankenne F, Foidart JM. Overexpression of the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in preeclamptic patients: pathophysiological consequences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 5555–5563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine RJ, Maynard SE, Qian C, Lim KH, England LJ, Yu KF, Schisterman EF, Thadhani R, Sachs BP, Epstein FH, Sibai BM, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA. Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 672–683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easterling TR, Watts DH, Schmucker BC, Benedetti TJ. Measurement of cardiac output during pregnancy: Validation of Doppler technique and clinical observations in preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 69: 845–850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diggle PJ, Liang KY, Zeger SL. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford University Press, New York 1994
   Google Scholar
• Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 1986; 42: 121–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore Simas TA, Crawford SL, Solitro MJ, Frost SC, Meyer BA, Maynard SE. Angiogenic factors for the prediction of preeclampsia in high-risk women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197: 244, e241–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King DE, Egan BM, Mainous AG, 3rd, Geesey ME. The effect of extended-release metoprolol succinate on C-reactive protein levels in persons with hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2006; 8: 257–260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosio PM, Wheeler T, Anthony F, Conroy R, O'Herlihy C, McKenna P. Maternal plasma vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in normal and hypertensive pregnancies and their relationship to peripheral vascular resistance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184: 146–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eremina V, Sood M, Haigh J, Nagy A, Lajoie G, Ferrara N, Gerber HP, Kikkawa Y, Miner JH, Quaggin SE. Glomerular-specific alterations of VEGF-A expression lead to distinct congenital and acquired renal diseases. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 707–716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He H, Venema VJ, Gu X, Venema RC, Marrero MB, Caldwell RB. Vascular endothelial growth factor signals endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin through flk-1/KDR activation of c-Src. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 25130–25135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeliet P, Moons L, Luttun A, Vincenti V, Compernolle V, De Mol M, Wu Y, et al. Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions. Nat Med 2001; 7: 575–583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lash GE, Taylor CM, Trew AJ, Cooper S, Anthony FW, Wheeler T, Baker PN. Vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor release in cultured trophoblast cells under different oxygen tensions. Growth Factors 2002; 20: 189–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagamatsu T, Fujii T, Kusumi M, Zou L, Yamashita T, Osuga Y, Momoeda M, Kozuma S, Taketani Y. Cytotrophoblasts up-regulate soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 expression under reduced oxygen: an implication for the placental vascular development and the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 4838–4845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata E, Rajakumar A, Powers RW, Larkin RW, Gilmour C, Bodnar LM, Crombleholme WR, et al. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is increased in preeclampsia but not in normotensive pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age neonates: relationship to circulating placental growth factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 4895–4903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston JC, Chin R, Haddad B, McKinney ET, Ahokas R, Sibai BM. Reductions of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor concentrations in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183: 1554–1557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor RN, Grimwood J, Taylor RS, McMaster MT, Fisher SJ, North RA. Longitudinal serum concentrations of placental growth factor: evidence for abnormal placental angiogenesis in pathologic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188: 177–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee LA, Duley L. Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, CD002863
   Google Scholar