REFERENCES
- Akagi , H. , Castillo , E. S. , Cortes-Maramba , N. , Francisco-Rivera , A. T. and Timbang , T. D. 2000 . Health assessment for mercury exposure among schoolchildren residing near a gold processing and refining plant in Apokon, Tagum, Davao del Norte, Philippines . Sci. Total Environ. , 259 : 31 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11032133 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=11032133&Session=&searchQuery=Sci%2E+Total+Environ%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+259%5BVolume%5D+AND+31%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2000%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Akagi%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1
- Allan , J. W. 1979 . Persian metal technology 700–1300 AD , 1 – 179 . Oxford : Ithaca Press .
- Appleton , J. D. , Williams , T. M. , Breward , N. , Apostol , A. , Miguel , J. and Miranda , C. 1999 . Mercury contamination associated with artisanal gold mining on the island of Mindanao, the Philippines . Sci. Total Environ. , 228 : 95 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10371050 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=10371050&Session=&searchQuery=Sci%2E+Total+Environ%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+228%5BVolume%5D+AND+95%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+1999%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Appleton%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2899%2900016-9
- Ayres , R. U. , McCurley , J. , Small , M. , Tarr , J. A. and Ridgery , R. C. 1985 . An historical reconstruction of major pollutant levels in the Hudson-Raritan Basin 1880–1980 , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, , USA : Variflex Corporation .
- Bakewell , P. J. 1971 . Silver mining and society in colonial Mexico: Zacatecas 1546–1700 , London, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
- Bakir , F. , Damluji , S. F. , Amin-Zaki , L. , Murtadha , M. , Khalidi , A. , Al-Rawi , N. Y. , Tikriti , S. , Dhahir , H. I. , Clarkson , T. W. , Smith , J. C. and Doherty , R. A. 1973 . Methylmercury poisoning in Iraq . Science , 181 : 230 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4719063 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=4719063&Session=&searchQuery=Science%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+181%5BVolume%5D+AND+230%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+1973%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Bakir%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1
- Barbosa , A. C. , Boischio , A. A. , East , G. A. , Ferrari , I. , Goncalves , A. , Silva , P. R.M. and Dacruz , T. M.E. 1995 . Mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon—Environmental and occupational aspects . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 80 : 109
- Spanish Colonial Currency (accessed Jan. 8 2002) http://personal.mia.bellsouth.net/lig/r/u/ruiz_b/Colonial_Currency/colonial_currency_ind ex.htm
- Bergan , T. , Gallardo , L. and Rodhe , H. 1999 . Mercury in the global troposphere: A three-dimensional model study . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 1575 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900370-7
- Berzas , Nevado J.J. , García , Bermejo L.F. and Rodríguez , Martín-Doimeadios R.C. 2003 . Distribution of mercury in the aquatic environment at Almadén, Spain . Environ. Pollut. , 122 ( 2 ) : 261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2802%2900290-7
- Bethell , L. 1984 . “ Colonial Latin America ” . In The Cambridge History of Latin America Vol. 2 , Cambridge, , UK
- Bindler , R. , Renberg , I. , Aleby , P. G. , Anderson , N. J. and Rose , N. L. 2001 . Mercury Accumulation Rates and Spatial Patterns in Lake Sediments from West Greenland: A Coast to Ice Margin Transect . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 35 : 1736 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11355186 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=11355186&Session=&searchQuery=Environ%2E+Sci%2E+Technol%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+35%5BVolume%5D+AND+1736%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2001%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Bindler%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes0002868
- Camargo , J. A. 2002 . Contribution of Spanish–American silver mines (1570–1820) to the present high mercury concentrations in the global environment: A review . Chemosphere , 48 : 51 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12137057 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12137057&Session=&searchQuery=Chemosphere%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+48%5BVolume%5D+AND+51%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2002%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Camargo%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0045-6535%2802%2900047-4
- CASM, “Communities and Small Scale Mining,” Global Initiative, Oil, Gas, Mining & Chemicals Department, The World Bank Group http://www.casmsite.org/ (accessed Aug. 31, 2003) http://www.casmsite.org/Documents/CASM%20AGM%202003%20-%20Final%20Report.pdf (accessed Dec. 24, 2003)
- Cigale , M. 1997 . Proizvodnja rude in metala od 1490 do 1995, (Production of ore and metal from 1490 to 1995), (in Slovenian) . Idrijski razgledi , 22 : 17
- Crowson , P. Minerals Handbook, Statistics & Analyses of the World's Minerals Industry , 1992 – 2001 . UK : Mining Journal Books Ltd. .
- Dyno Nobel . 1996 . Saneringsunderlag tändmedelsfabriken område Statens Ammunitionsnämnd, Historiskt sammandrag (Memorandum on renovation of the percussion cap factory, Historic outline) , Gyttorp, , Sweden : Dyno Nobel . (in Swedish)
- Ebinghaus , R. , Turner , R. R. , Lacerda , L. D. , de Vasiliev , O. and Salomons , W. , eds. 1999 . “ Mercury contaminated sites ” . In Characterization, risk assessment and remediation , Berlin, Heidelberg, , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
- Emerson , D. G. 1974 . “ The industral uses of mercury ” . In I congreso internacional del mercurio, (First international congress on mercury), 6–10 May, 1974, Barcelona, Spain , 9 – 37 . Madrid, , Spain : Fabrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre .
- Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2001: “mercury processing” <http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=119890&sctn=2>, “amalgam” <http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=6075&sctn=1>, “occupational disease” <http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=115002&sctn=2>, “explosive, blasting caps” <http://www.eb.com/180/bol/topic?eu=114764, “alchemy” http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=114998, “gilding” http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=37547, “Pliny” http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=61956, (all accessed Jan. 13, 2002)
- Engstrom , D. R. and Swain , E. B. 1997 . Recent declines in atmospheric mercury deposition in the upper midwest . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 : 960 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes9600892
- State bans mercury thermometers. Waste News on Line, (accessed July 15, 2003), 2003 http://www.wastenews.com/emailstory.html?id=1058216293
- Eriksson , E. 1988 . “ Kvicksilverbalans över Sverige ” . In (Mercury balance for Sweden), (in Swedish) , 1 – 40 . Göteborg, , Sweden : Chalmers University of Technology .
- EU, Report from the Commission to the Council concerning Mercury from the Chlor-alkali Industry (accessed Sep. 17, 2002), 2002 http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ic/index
- EuroChlor . 1999 . “ The Mercury Cell Technology in Western Europe ” . In Presentation at the OSPAR Workshop on the Chlor-Alkali Industry, 27–29 September, 1999 , Brussels, , Belgium : EuroChlor .
- EuroChlor . 2001 . Reduction of Mercury Emissions from the West European Chlor Alkali Industry , 3rd ed Brussels, , Belgium : Euro Chlor .
- Ferm , R. and Larsson , J. E. 1973 . “ Kvicksilver: Användning, kontroll och miljöeffekter ” . In (Mercury: Usage, control, and environmental effects), (in Swedish), SNV PM 421 , 1 – 85 . Solna, , Sweden : Statens naturvårdsverk .
- Fisher , J. R. 1977 . Silver Mines and Silver Miners in Colonial Peru, 1776–1824, Centre for Latin-American Studies , Liverpool, UK : University of Liverpool .
- Floyd , P. , Zarogiannis , P. , Crane , M. , Tarowski , S. and Bencko , V. 2002 . Risks to Health and the Environment Related to the Use of Mercury Products , Brussels, , Belgium : The European Commission, DG Enterprise .
- Fröberg , M. , Berggren , D. , Bergkvist , B. , Bryantc , C. and Knickerd , H. 2003 . Contributions of Oi, Oe and Oa horizons to dissolved organic matter in forest floor leachates . Geoderma , 113 : 311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-7061%2802%2900367-1
- Fugleberg , S. 1999 . Finnish expert report on best available techniques in zinc production, The Finnish Environment Nr 315 , Helsinki, , Finland : Finnish Environment Institute .
- Fugleberg , J. A. , Gustin , M. S. , Schorran , D. S. , Johnson , D. W. , Lindberg , S. E. and Coleman , J. S. 2003 . Accumulation of atmospheric mercury in forest foliage . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 1613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2803%2900008-6
- Ganguli , P. M. , Mason , R. P. , Abu-Saba , K. E. , Anderson , R. S. and Flegal , A. R. 2000 . Mercury speciation in drainage from the New Idria mercury mine, California . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 4773 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes991364y
- Gironés , E. O. and Viejobueno , C. D. 2001 . “ Spain's Almadén mine: 2000 years of solitude ” . In Large Mines and the Community, Chapter 5 , Edited by: McMahon , G. and Remy , F. Washington, DC : World Bank . /International Development Research Centre, Canada, http://www.idrc.ca/books/focus/949_mining/949/f949c05spain.htm (accessed Dec. 20, 2002)
- Gunson , A. J. 2004 . “ Mercury and artisanal and small-scale gold miners in China ” . In MSc Theses in preparation , Vancouver, , Canada : University of British Columbia .
- Halldin , A. and Pettersson , O. 1978 . Turnover of mercury in Sweden (in Swedish, English summary), SNV PM 928 , 1 – 120 . Solna, , Sweden : Statens naturvårdsverk .
- Hamilton , E. J. 1952 . Prices as a Factor in Business Growth: Prices and Progress . The Journal of Economic History , 12 ( 4 ) : 325 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/view/00220507/di975541/97p1104p/0
- Harkness , D. D. , Harrison , A. F. and Bacon , P. J. 1986 . The temporal distribution of ‘bomb’ 14C in a forest soil . Radiocarbon , 28 : 328
- He , Y. , Lin , Y. and Li , W. 2000 . Mercury consumption and contamination of environment in gold mining in China . J. Environ. Science , 12 ( suppl ) : 39
- Higueras , P. , Oyarzun , R. , Biester , H. , Lillo , J. and Lorenzo , S. 2003 . A first insight into mercury distribution and speciation in soils from the Almadén mining district, Spain . J. Geochem. Explor. , 80 ( 1 ) : 95 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0375-6742%2803%2900185-7
- Hinton , J. J. , Veiga , M. M. and Veiga , A. T.C. 2003 . Clean artisanal gold mining: A utopian approach= . Journal of Clearner Production , 11 : 99 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0959-6526%2802%2900031-8
- Hudson , R. J.M. , Gherini , S. A. , Fitzgerald , W. F. and Porcella , D. B. 1995 . Anthropogenic influences on the global mercury cycle—a model-based analysis . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 80 : 265
- Hunter , D. , Bomford , R. R. and Russell , D. S. 1940 . Poisoning by methyl mercury compounds . Qt. J. Med. , 9 : 193
- Hylander , L. D. 2001 . Global mercury pollution and its expected decrease after a mercury trade ban . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 125 : 331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1005231017807
- Hylander , L. D. and Meili , M. 2003 . 500 years of mercury production: Global annual inventory by region until 2000 and associated emissions . Sci. Total Environ. , 304 ( 1–3 ) : 13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12663168 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12663168&Session=&searchQuery=Sci%2E+Total+Environ%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+304%5BVolume%5D+AND+13%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2003%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Hylander%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2802%2900553-3
- Hylander , L. D. , Sollenberg , H. and Westas , H. 2003 . A three-stage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases . Sci. Total Environ. , 304 ( 1–3 ) : 137 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12663178 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12663178&Session=&searchQuery=Sci%2E+Total+Environ%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+304%5BVolume%5D+AND+137%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2003%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Hylander%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2802%2900563-6
- Evaluation of transboundary transport of heavy metals in 1999, Trend analysis, EMEP Report 3/2001, (accessed June 14, 2002), 2001 http://www.msceast.org/reps/ER3-2001-CH1.pdf
- Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing industry. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Seville, 2000, (accessed March 27, 2001), 2000 http://eippcb.jrc.es/cgi-bin/locate?cak_final_5-12-00.pdf
- Johnson , D. W. , Benesch , J. A. , Gustin , M. S. , Schorran , D. S. , Lindberg , S. E. and Coleman , J. S. 2003 . Experimental evidence against diffusion control of Hg evasion from soils . Sci. Total Environ. , 304 : 175 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12663182 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12663182&Session=&searchQuery=Sci%2E+Total+Environ%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+304%5BVolume%5D+AND+175%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2003%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Johnson%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2802%2900567-3
- Artisanal Gold Mining without Mercury Pollution, UNIDO Document 4571, Vienna, Austria, (accessed Aug. 31, 2003), 2001 http://www.unido.org/en/doc/view/4571
- Lamborg , C. H. , Fitzgerald , W. F. , O'Donnell , J. and Torgersen , T. 2002 . A non-steady-state compartmental model of global-scale mercury biogeochemistry with interhemispheric atmospheric gradients . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 66 : 1105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2801%2900841-9
- Laperdina , T. G. , Melnikova , M. V. and Khvostova , T. E. 1996 . “ Mercury contamination of the environment due to gold mining in Zabaikalye ” . In Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances, Baeyens , Edited by: W. , F. J. , Ebinghaus , R. and Vasiliev , O. 415 – 427 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
- Larsson , K.-Å. 2002 . Fulminate production in Karlskoga estimated on histrorical data from the archives of NEXPLO Bofors AB , Sweden : Pers. comm. .
- Leigh , D. S. 1997 . Mercury-tainted overbank sediment from past gold mining in north Georgia, USA . Environ. Geol. , 30 : 244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002540050153
- LightLab lamp, Sweden (accessed June 6, 2002) http://www.lightab.se/
- Lindberg , S. E. and Price , J. L. 1999 . Airborne emissions of mercury from municipal landfill operations: A short-term measurement study in Florida . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 49 ( 5 ) : 520
- Lindley , A. A. 1997 . “ An economic and environmental analysis of the chlor-alkali production process: Mercury cells and alternative technologies ” . In European Commission, Directorate-General III Industry, C-4, Chemicals, plastics, rubber
- Liu , J. 2000 . Introductory remarks on mercury pollution in China . J. Environ. Science , 12 ( suppl ) : 3
- Maag , J. , Lassen , C. and Hansen , E. 1996 . “ Massestrømsanalyse for kviksølv (substance flow assessment for mercury) ” . In Miljøprojekt no. 344, 1996, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen (in Danish; English summary) p. 73
- Maag , J. , Hansen , E. and Dall , O. Mercury—a global pollutant requiring global initiatives , TemaNord 2002 . Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002 pp. 516 . http://www.norden.org/pub/milijo/sk/2002-516.pdf (accessed June 14, 2003)
- Maddison , A. 2001 . The world economy: A millennial perspective , Paris, , France : OECD .
- Mastrine , J. A. , Bonzongo , J. C.J. and Lyons , W. B. 1999 . Mercury concentrations in surface waters from fluvial systems draining historical precious metals mining areas in southeastern U.S.A . Applied Geochemistry , 14 : 147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0883-2927%2898%2900043-2
- Matilla , A. " Historia de las Minas de Almadén ." Vol. I: Desde la época romana hasta el año 1645. Vol. II: Desde 1646 a 1799. Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes SA, Madrid, Spain, 1958 and 1987 ,
- Maxson , P. Mercury Flows in Europe and the World: The Impact of Decommissioned Chlor-alkali Plants, prepared by Concorde East/West Sprl for the European Commission (Environment Directorate), Brussels, Belgium, final draft dated 22 August, 2003 ,
- Maxson , P. and Verberne , F. Mercury Concerns in Decommissioned Chlor-Alkali Facilities in Western Europe, ERM Nederland and Concorde East/West for the Netherlands' Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, the Hague, The Netherlands, 2000 ,
- Maxwell , Espinosa . 1995 . Shareholders Directory 8:th ed , 596 Madrid, , Spain : S.P.A. .
- Mercury Bioaccumulation in Fish in a Region Affected by Historic Gold Mining: The South Yuba River, Deer Creek, and Bear River Watersheds, California, 1999, Report 00–367, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources, Sacramento, California, (accessed July 17, 2003) http://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/ofr00367/
- Meili , M. , Bishop , K. , Bringmark , L. , Johansson , K. , Munthe , J. , Sverdrup , H. and de Vries , W. 2003 . Critical levels of atmospheric pollution: Criteria and concepts for operational modelling of mercury in forest and lake ecosystems . Sci. Total Environ. , 304 : 83 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12663174 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12663174&Session=&searchQuery=Sci%2E+Total+Environ%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+304%5BVolume%5D+AND+83%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2003%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Meili%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2802%2900559-4
- 1939–1998 . Metallstatistik 1929–1938, Metallstatistik 1957–1966, Metallstatistik 1981–1991, Metallstatistik 1985–1985, Metallstatistik 1987–1997. Annual volumes of metal statistics , Frankfurt am Main, , Germany : Metallgesellschaft .
- Miklavcic , V. 1998 . “ Mercury in the Idrija region ” . In Idrija as a natural and anthropogenic laboratory: Mercury as a major pollutant, Proceedings of the meeting of researchers, May 24–25, 1996 , Edited by: Miklavcic , V. 6 – 9 . Idrija, Slovenia : Mercury Mine .
- Estudio de Impacto Ambiental—Proyecto Pierina. (Environmental Impact Assessment for the Pierina Project) Barrick Gold Corporation. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 387 pp. (In Spanish.) (accessed Sep. 30, 2003), 1997 http://www.mem.gob.pe/wmem/publica/aa/estudios/principal.htm
- Direccion General de Mineria—DPDM. Estadística Minera, (accessed Oct. 13, 2003) http://www.minem.gob.pe/mineria/estadisticas/
- Mlakar , I. 1974 . An outline of production of the Idrija mercury mine through the centuries. Idrijski razgledi (in Slovenian, summary in English) . Idrijski razgledi , 19 : 75
- Mukherjee , A. B. , Zevenhoven , R. , Brodersen , J. , Hylander , L. D. and Bhattacharya , P. 2004 . Mercury in waste in the European Union: Sources, disposal methods and risks . Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , 42 : 155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resconrec.2004.02.009
- Müezzinoglu , A. 2003 . A review of environmental considerations on gold mining and production . Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 ( 1 ) : 45 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F10643380390814451
- Munthe , J. , Kindbom , K. , Kruger , O. , Petersen , G. , Pacyna , J. and Iverfeldt , Å. 2001 . Examining source-receptor relationships for mercury in Scandinavia. Modelled and empirical evidence . Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus , 1 : 279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1017528826641
- Nriagu , J. O. 1993 . Legacy of mercury pollution . Nature , : 363 – 589 .
- Nriagu , J. O. 1994 . Mercury pollution from the past mining of gold and silver in the Americas . Sci. Total Environ. , : 149 – 167 .
- Nriagu , J. O. and Wong , H. K.T. 1997 . Gold rushes and mercury pollution . Metal Ions Biol. Systems , 34 : 131
- Oliveira , L. , Hylander , L. D. and Silva , E. C. 2004 . Mercury behavior in a tropical environment—the case of small scale gold mining in Poconé, Brazil . Environmental Practice , 6 : 13
- OSPAR . Mercury Losses from the Chlor-Alkali Industry in 1999 , OsloParis Commission 2001
- Pacyna , E. G. and Pacyna , J. M. 2002 . Global emission of mercury from anthropogenic sources in 1995 . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 137 : 149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1015502430561
- Pacyna , E. G. , Pacyna , J. M. and Pirrone , N. 2001 . European emissions of atmospheric mercury from anthropogenic sources in 1995 . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 2987 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2801%2900102-9
- Pirrone , N. , Allegrini , I. , Keeler , G. J. , Nriagu , J. O. , Rossmann , R. and Robbins , J. A. 1998 . Historical atmospheric mercury emissions and depositions in North America compared to mercury accumulations in sedimentary records . Atmos. Environ. , 32 : 929 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2897%2900353-1
- Pirrone , N. , Keeler , G. J. and Nriagu , J. O. 1996 . Regional differences in worldwide emissions of mercury to the atmosphere . Atmos. Environ. , 30 : 2981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F1352-2310%2895%2900498-X
- Plotkin , M. 1999 . Morbid catastrophe of the mercury mines of Villa de Almaden del Azogue (1778) according to Jose Pares y Franques . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 73 : 506
- Porcella , D. B. Historic Perspectives on Mercury . May 8–10 2001 , West Palm Beach, Florida. Proceedings and Summary Report of the Workshop on the Fate, Transport, and Transformation of Mercury in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments , Report EPA/625/R-02/005, NRMRL-ORD, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. TSHP-OWQ, USGS, Reston, VA 20192, http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/Pubs/625RO2005/ (accessed Dec. 16, 2002)
- Putman , J. J. 1972 . Quicksilver and slow death . National Geographic , : 506
- Quequejana , Condori J.L. 2002 . Centro de Investigaciones Ambientales y en Salud Ocupacional (CIASO), Peru, Pers. comm. .
- Ramel , C. 1974 . The mercury problem—a trigger for environmental pollution control . Mutation Res. , 26 : 341 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4854953 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=4854953&Session=&searchQuery=Mutation+Res%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+26%5BVolume%5D+AND+341%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+1974%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Ramel%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1
- Rein , K. and Hylander , L. D. 2000 . Experiences from phasing out the use of mercury in Sweden . Regional Environ. Change , 1 : 126 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs101130000016
- Roos-Barraclough , F. , Martinez-Cortizas , A. , García-Rodeja , E. and Shotyk , W. 2002 . A 14500 year record of the accumulation of atmospheric mercury in peat: Volcanic signals, anthropogenic influences and a correlation to bromine accumulation . Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 202 : 435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-821X%2802%2900805-1
- 2000 . Roskill's Metals Databook 2000 , London, , UK : Roskill Information Services Ltd. .
- Roulet , M. , Lucotte , M. , Saint-Aubin , A. , Tran , S. , Rheault , I. , Farella , N. , De Jesus Da silva , E. , Dezencourt , J. , Sousa , Passos C.-J. , Santos , Soares G. , Guimaraes , J. R.D. , Mergler , D. and Amorim , M. 1998 . The geochemistry of mercury in central Amazonian soils developed on the Alter-do-Chao formation of the lower Tapajos River Valley, Para state, Brazil . Sci. Total Environ. , 213 : 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2898%2900265-4
- Rytuba , J. J. 2002 . “ Mercury geoenvironmental models ” . In Geoenvironmental analysis of ore deposits, US Geological Survey Open File Report 02–195:161–175 Edited by: Seal , R. R. and Foley , N. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-195/ (accessed Feb. 1, 2004)
- Rytuba , J. J. 2003 . Mercury from mineral deposits and potential environmental impact . Environ. Geol. , 43 ( 3 ) : 326
- SCB . 1996 . The Natural Environment in Figures (in Swedish, English summary) , fifth ed , 1 – 240 . Stockholm, , Sweden : Statistics Sweden .
- SCB, Bidrag till Sveriges officiella statistik (Contribution to the Official Statistics of Sweden) . 1859–1912 . Fabriker och manufakturer. Annul volumes for 1858–1895, Fabriker och hantverk Annual volumes for 1896–1910, Utrikes handel och sjöfart. Annual volumes for 1858–1890, Utrikes handeln. Annual volumes for 1891–1894, Handel. Annual volumes for 1895–1910, Kommerskollegium , Stockholm, , Sweden : Norstedt och Söner and Isaac Marcus Boktr. AB .
- Sveriges officiella statistik (Official Statistics of Sweden) . Industri. Annual volumes for 1911–1961, Handel. Annual volumes for 1911–1961, Stockholm, Sweden, 1912–1962. Statistics from 1962 onwards at Statistics Sweden www.SCB.se (accessed Feb 20, 2002)
- Schuster , P. F. , Krabbenhoft , D. P. , Naftz , D. L. , Cecil , L. D. , Olson , M. L. , Dewild , J. F. , Susong , D. D. , Green , J. R. and Abbott , M. L. 2002 . Atmospheric mercury deposition during the last 270 years: A glacial ice core record of natural and anthropogenic sources . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 36 : 2303 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12075781 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12075781&Session=&searchQuery=Environ%2E+Sci%2E+Technol%2E%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+36%5BVolume%5D+AND+2303%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+2002%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Schuster%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes0157503
- Sexauer , Gustin M. , Taylor , G. E. Jr and Leonard , T. L. 1995 . Assessing the contribution of natural sources to regional atmospheric mercury budgets . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 80 : 217
- Shotyk , W. , Goodsite , M. E. , Roos-Barraclough , F. , Frei , R. , Heinemeier , J. , Asmund , G. , Lohse , C. and Hansen , T. S. 2003 . Anthropogenic contributions to atmospheric Hg, Pb and As accumulation recorded by peat cores from southern Greenland and Denmark dated using the 14 C “bomb pulse curve,” . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 67 : 3991
- Skare , I. and Engqvist , A. 1994 . Human exposure to mercury and silver released from dental amalgam restorations . Arch. Environ. Health , 49 ( 5 ) : 384 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7944571 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=7944571&Session=&searchQuery=Arch%2E+Environ%2E+Health%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+49%5BVolume%5D+AND+384%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+1994%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Skare%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1
- Skerfving , S. , Hansson , K. and Lindsten , J. 1970 . Chromosome breakage in humans exposed to methyl mercury through fish consumption . Arch. Environ. Health , 21 ( 2 ) : 133 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=5464308 http://www4.infotrieve.com/newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=5464308&Session=&searchQuery=Arch%2E+Environ%2E+Health%5BJournal+Name%5D+AND+21%5BVolume%5D+AND+133%5BPage+Number%5D+AND+1970%5BPublication+Date%5D+AND+Skerfving%5BAuthor+Name%5D&count=1
- Solonen , T. and Lodenius , M. 1984 . Mercury in Finnish sparrowhawks . Accipiter nisus, Ornis Fennica , 61 : 58
- SOU . 2001 . Kvicksilver i säkert förvar (A safe mercury repository) , Swedish Government Official Reports series, 2001:58 1 – 118 . Stockholm, , Sweden : Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources . (in Swedish, English translation at http://www.naturvardsverket.se) Government decision 2002/03:117
- SOU . 2003 . Dentala material och hälsa, (Dental materials and health), (in Swedish; English summary and an overview of scientific literature by Maths Berlin) , Swedish Government Official Reports series, 2003:53 Stockholm, , Sweden : Ministry of Health and Social Affairs . http://social.regeringen.se/propositionermm/sou/sou2003.htm (accessed Sep. 14, 2003)
- Sukhenko , S. A. and Vasiliev , O. F. 1996 . “ A regional mercury budget for Siberia and the role of the region in global cycling of the metal ” . In Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances , Edited by: Baeyens , W. F.J. , Ebinghaus , R. and Vasiliev , O. 123 – 133 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
- Svidén , J. and Jonsson , A. 2001 . Urban metabolism of mercury turnover, emissions and stock in Stockholm 1795–1995 . Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus , 1 : 279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1017528826641
- 1998 . Swedish Code of Statutes 1998:944. Förordning om förbud m.m. i vissa fall i samband med hantering, införsel och utförsel av kemiska produkter, (Ordinance on Prohibition etc. in Certain Cases when Handling, Importing and Exporting Chemical Products) , Stockholm, , Sweden : Ministry of the Environment . (in Swedish)
- Swedish Government Bill 1997/98:145, (in Swedish) (accessed June 6, 2002), 1997 http://miljo.regeringen.se/propositionermm/propositioner/pdf/p9798145a.pdf
- Swedish , E PA . Bakbundet Sverige, (Sweden is locked-up), (in Swedish) , Stockholm, , Sweden : Naturvårdsverket . http://www.naturvardsverket.se:8081/index.php3 updated 2000–11-08, (accessed June 14, 2002)
- Sznopek , J. L. and Goonan , T. G. 2000 . The materials flows of mercury in the economics of the United States and the world, US Geological Survey Circular 1197, version 1.0 1 – 28 . Denver, Colorado http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/pub/circulars/c1197/c1197.pdf (accessed Jan 15, 2002)
- Takeuchi , T. and Eto , K. 1999 . “ The Pathology of Minamata Disease ” . In A Tragic Story of Water Pollution , Fukuoka, , Japan : Kyushu University Press, Inc. .
- Philippines: Abatement of Mercury Pollution. UNIDO Document 4199, Vienna, Austria, (accessed Aug. 31, 2003), 1998 http://www.unido.org/en/doc/4199
- Tsubaki , T. and Takahashi , H. , eds. 1986 . “ Recent advances in Minamata disease studies ” . In Methylmercury poisoning in Minamata and Niigata, Japan , Tokyo, , Japan : Kodansha .
- UN, Statistical Yearbook 1972–1974 . 1973–1975 . New York, , USA : United Nations .
- UNEP, Global Mercury Assessment, United Nations Environment Programme, Chemicals, Geneva, Switzerland, (accessed March 12, 2003), 2002 http://www.chem.unep.ch/mercury/
- US Consumer Price Index (accessed July 29, 2002) http://www.globalfindata.com/
- US . 1975 . Historical statistics of the United States: Colonial times to 1970: Bicentennial edition , Washington, , USA : Bureau of the Census .
- US . 2001 . Statistical abstract of the United States , Washington, , USA : Bureau of the Census .
- USGS . 1885–1934 . Mineral Resources of the United States, Annual or biannual volumes for 1883–1931 , Washington, D.C., , USA : US Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey .
- USGS . 1943–1987 . Minerals Yearbook. Annual volumes for 1938–1986 , Washington, D.C., , USA : US Department of the Interior .
- USGS . 1995–2003 . “ Mineral Commodity Summaries/Minerals Yearbook, Mercurychaptitle ” . In Minerals Stastistics and Information 1994–2002 (annual volumes) , U.S. Geological Survey . http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mercury (accessed Jan 12, 2002 and Jan 31, 2004)
- Wambeke , L. 1974 . “ van. 1974. Production, consommation et demande future de mercure dans le monde et dans la communaute europénne (The industrial uses of mercury) (in French) ” . In I congreso internacional del mercurio, (First international congress on mercury), 6–10 May, 1974, Barcelona, Spain , 65 – 82 . Madrid, , Spain : Fabrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre .
- Westermark , T. , Odsjö , T. and Johnels , A. 1975 . Mercury contents of birds feathers before and after Swedish ban on alkylmercury in agriculture . Ambio , : 4 – 87 .
- Wieslander , H. and Lindkvist , R. 1955 and 1983 . Historik över ammunitionsfabriken i Karlsborg (History of the ammunition factory in Karlsborg) (in Swedish) , Sweden : Karlsborg .
- Williams , T. M. , Weeks , J. M. , Apostol , A. N. Jr and Miranda , C. R. 1999 . Assessment of mercury contamination and human exposure associated with coastal disposal of waste from a cinnabar mining operation, Palawan, Philippines . Environmental Geology , 39 : 51 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002540050436
- Wong , H. K.T. , Gauthier , A. and Nriagu , J. O. 1999 . Dispersion and toxicity of metals from abandoned gold mine tailings at Goldenville, Nova Scotia, Canada . Sci. Total Environ. , 228 : 35 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2899%2900021-2
- World Mineral Statistics 1995–99 . 2000 . p. 181 London, , UK : British Geological Survey .