Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewaters under Transient-State Conditions: Process Stability with Fluctuations of Organic Load, Substrates, Toxicants, and Environmental Parameters

REFERENCES

• Abu-Salah , K. , Shelef , G. , Levanon , D. , Armon , R. and Dosoretz , C. G. 1996 . Microbial degradation of aromatic and polyaromatic toxic compounds adsorbed on powdered activated carbon . J. Biotechnol. , 51 ( 3 ) : 265 – 272 .
   Google Scholar
• Adav , S. S. , Chen , M.-Y. , Lee , D.-J. and Ren , N.-Q. 2007 . Degradation of phenol by aerobic granules and isolated yeast Candida tropicalis . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 96 ( 5 ) : 844 – 852 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sharekh , H. A. and Hamoda , M. F. 2001 . Removal of organics from wastewater using a novel biological hybrid system . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 1 ) : 321 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• Alva , V. A. and Peyton , B. M. 2003 . Phenol and catechol biodegradation by the haloalkaliphile Halomonas campisalis: Influence of pH and salinity . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 37 ( 19 ) : 4397 – 4402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amorim , A. K. B. , Zaiat , M. and Foresti , E. 2005 . Performance and stability of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor subjected to progressive increasing concentrations of influent organic matter and organic shock loads . J. Environ. Manag. , 76 ( 4 ) : 319 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Aquino , S. F. and Stuckey , D. C. 2004 . Soluble microbial products formation in anaerobic chemostats in the presence of toxic compounds . Water Res. , 38 ( 2 ) : 255 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino , S. F. and Stuckey , D. C. 2004 . The effect of organic and hydraulic shock loads on the production of soluble microbial products in anaerobic digesters . Water Environ. Res. , 76 ( 7 ) : 2628 – 2636 .
   Google Scholar
• Austermann-Haun , U. , Lange , R. , Seyfried , C.-F. and Rosenwinkel , K.-H. 1998 . Upgrading an anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment plant . Water Sci. Technol. , 37 ( 9 ) : 243 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Bae , J. H. and McCarty , P. L. 1993 . Variation of carbon-monoxide production during methane fermentation of glucose . Water Environ. Res. , 65 ( 7 ) : 890 – 898 .
   Google Scholar
• Baloch , M. I. and Akunna , J. C. 2003 . Effect of rapid hydraulic shock loads on the performance of granular bed baffled reactor . Environ. Technol. , 24 ( 3 ) : 361 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baptista , I. I. R. , Peeva , L. G. , Zhou , N.-Y. , Leak , D. J. , Mantalaris , A. and Livingston , A. G. 2006 . Stability and performance of Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 during 1,2-dichloroethane biodegradation . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 72 ( 6 ) : 4411 – 4418 .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , D. J. and Stuckey , D. C. 1999 . A review of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewater treatment systems . Water Res. , 33 ( 14 ) : 3063 – 3082 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beg , S. A. , Hassan , M. M. and Chaudry , M. A. S. 1995 . Response of a packed bed biological reactor to perturbation of feed concentration and temperature . Intern. J. Environ. Studies , 49 ( 1 ) : 31 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Benitez , F. J. , Acero , J. L. , Garcia , J. and Leal , A. I. 2003 . Purification of cork processing wastewaters by ozone, by activated sludge, and by their two sequential applications . Water Res. , 37 ( 17 ) : 4081 – 4090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettmann , H. and Rehm , H. J. 1984 . Degradation of phenol by polymer entrapped microorganisms . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 20 ( 5 ) : 285 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Bettmann , H. and Rehm , H. J. 1985 . Continuous degradation of phenol(s) by Pseudomonas putida P8 entrapped in polyacrylamidehydrazide . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 22 ( 6 ) : 389 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Beun , J. J. , van Loosdrecht , M. C. M. and Heijnen , J. J. 2002 . Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch airlift reactor . Water Res. , 36 ( 3 ) : 702 – 712 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolaños , R. M. L. , Varesche , M. B. A. , Zaiat , M. and Foresti , E. 2001 . Phenol degradation in horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor under mesophilic conditions . Water Sci. Technol. , 44 ( 4 ) : 167 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon , N. , Goris , J. , De Vos , P. , Verstraete , W. and Top , E. M. 2000 . Bioaugmentation of activated sludge by an indigenous 3-chloroaniline-degrading Comamonas testosteroni strain, I2gfp . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 66 ( 7 ) : 2906 – 2913 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon , N. , Top , E. M. , Verstraete , W. and Siciliano , S. D. 2003 . Bioaugmentation as a tool to protect the structure and function of an activated-sludge microbial community against a 3-chloroaniline shock load . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 69 ( 3 ) : 1511 – 1520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boopathy , R. , Larsen , V. F. and Senior , E. 1988 . Performance of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) in treating distillery waste water from a scotch whisky factory . Biomass , 16 ( 2 ) : 133 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , E. M. , Killham , K. , Wright , J. , Rumford , S. , Hetheridge , M. , Cumming , R. and Meharg , A. A. 1997 . Toxicity assessment of xenobiotic contaminated groundwater using lux modified Pseudomonas fluorescens . Chemosphere , 35 ( 9 ) : 1967 – 1985 .
   Google Scholar
• Brouwer , H. 1991 . Testing for chemical toxicity using bacteria: An undergraduate laboratory experiment . J. Chemical Educat. , 68 ( 8 ) : 695 – 697 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. S. , Rattray , E. A. S. , Paton , G. I. , Reid , G. , Caffoor , I. and Killham , K. 1996 . Comparative assessment of the toxicity of a papermill effluent by respirometry and a luminescence-based bacterial assay . Chemosphere , 32 ( 8 ) : 1553 – 1561 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , M. L. , Aldrich , H. C. and Gauthier , J. J. 1995 . Relationship between glycocalyx and povidone-iodine resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) biofilms . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 61 ( 1 ) : 187 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Buchtmann , C. , Kies , U. , Deckwer , W.-D. and Hecht , V. 1997 . Performance of three phase fluidized bed reactor for quinoline degradation on various supports at steady state and dynamic conditions . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 56 ( 3 ) : 295 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Buitron , G. , Soto , G. , Vite , G. and Moreno , J. 2001 . Strategies to enhance the biodegradation of toxic compounds using discontinuous processes . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 3 ) : 283 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bury , S. J. , Groot , C. K. , Huth , C. and Hardt , N. 2002 . Dynamic simulation of chemical industry wastewater treatment plants . Water Sci. Technol. , 45 ( 4–5 ) : 355 – 363 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cai , Z. , Kim , D. , Sorial , G. A. , Saikaly , P. , Zein , M. M. and Oerther , D. B. 2006 . Performance and microbial diversity of a trickle-bed air biofilter under interchanging contaminants . Eng. Life Sci. , 6 ( 1 ) : 37 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira , M. , Heald , S. C. , Carvalho , M. F. , Vasconcelos , I. , Bull , A. T. and Castro , P. M. L. 1999 . 4-Chlorophenol degradation by a bacterial consortium: Development of a granular activated carbon biofilm reactor . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 52 ( 5 ) : 722 – 729 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho , M. F. , Vasconcelos , I. , Bull , A. T. and Castro , P. M. L. 2001 . A GAC biofilm reactor for the continuous degradation of 4-chlorophenol: Treatment efficiency and microbial analysis . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 57 ( 3 ) : 419 – 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho , M. F. , Ferreira Jorge , R. , Pacheco , C. C. , De Marco , P. , Henriques , I. S. , Correia , A. and Castro , P. M. L. 2006 . Long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an up-flow fixed bed reactor established for the biodegradation of fluorobenzene . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 71 ( 4 ) : 555 – 562 .
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho , M. F. , Duque , A. F. , Gonçalves , I. C. and Castro , P. M. L. 2007 . Adsorption of fluorobenzene onto granular activated carbon: Isotherm and bioavailability studies . Biores. Technol. , 98 ( 18 ) : 3424 – 3430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattony , E. B. M. , Chinalia , F. A. , Ribeiro , R. , Zaiat , M. , Foresti , E. and Varesche , M. B. A. 2005 . Ethanol and toluene removal in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor in the presence of sulfate . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 91 ( 2 ) : 244 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong , N.-M. , Pai , S.-L. and Chen , C.-H. 1997 . Bioaugmentation of an activated sludge receiving pH shock loadings . Biores. Technol. , 59 ( 2–3 ) : 235 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua , H. and Chen , Y. F. 1995 . A novel adsorption-anaerobiosis column for the removal of persistent organics from contaminated water . Marine Poll. Bull. , 31 ( 4–12 ) : 313 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , G. , Foy , C. , McHugh , S. and O'Flaherty , V. 2005 . Anaerobic treatment of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in an expanded granular sludge bed-anaerobic filter (EGSB-AF) bioreactor at 15°C . FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. , 53 ( 1 ) : 167 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , L. D. and Daugulis , A. J. 1997 . Biodegradation of phenol at high initial concentrations in two-phase partitioning batch and fed-batch bioreactors . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 55 ( 1 ) : 155 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , L. D. and Daugulis , A. J. 1999 . Simultaneous biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor: Concept demonstration and practical application . Biotechnol. Prog. , 15 ( 1 ) : 74 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Comte , S. , Guibaud , G. and Baudu , M. 2006 . Biosorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) resulting from activated sludge according to their type: Soluble or bound . Proc. Biochem. , 41 ( 4 ) : 815 – 823 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalzell , D. J. B. , Alte , S. , Aspichueta , E. , de la Sota , A. , Etxebarria , J. , Gutierrez , M. , Hoffmann , C. C. , Sales , D. , Obst , U. and Christofi , N. 2002 . A comparison of five rapid direct toxicity assessment methods to determine toxicity of pollutants to activated sludge . Chemosphere , 47 ( 5 ) : 535 – 545 .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , D. G. , Parsek , M. R. , Pearson , J. P. , Iglewski , B. H. , Costerton , J. W. and Greenberg , E. P. 1998 . The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm . Science , 280 ( 5361 ) : 295 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , D. G. 1999 . “ Regulation of matrix polymer in biofilm formation and dispersion ” . In Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: Characterization, structure and function , Edited by: Wingender , J. , Neu , T. R. and Flemming , H.-C. 93 – 117 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• De Nardi , I. R. , Varesche , M. B. A. , Zaiat , M. and Foresti , E. 2002 . Anaerobic degradation of BTEX in a packed-bed reactor . Water Sci. Technol. , 45 ( 10 ) : 175 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• De Nardi , I. R. , Ribeiro , R. , Zaiat , M. and Foresti , E. 2005 . Anaerobic packed-bed reactor for bioremediation of gasoline-contaminated aquifers . Proc. Biochem. , 40 ( 2 ) : 587 – 592 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delee , W. , O'Neill , C. , Hawkes , F. R. and Pinheiro , H. M. 1998 . Anaerobic treatment of textile effluents: A review . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 73 ( 4 ) : 323 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshusses , M. A. , Hamer , G. and Dunn , I. J. 1995 . Behavior of biofilters for waste air biotreatment. 1. Dynamic model development . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 ( 4 ) : 1048 – 1058 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshusses , M. A. , Hamer , G. and Dunn , I. J. 1996 . Transient-state behavior of a biofilter removing mixtures of vapors of MEK and MIBK from air . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 49 ( 5 ) : 587 – 598 .
   Google Scholar
• Di Iaconi , C. , Bonemazzi , F. , Lopez , A. and Ramadori , R. 2004 . Integration of chemical and biological oxidation in a SBBR for tannery wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 10 ) : 107 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos , A. B. , Cervantes , F. J. and Van Lier , J. B. 2007 . Review paper on current technologies for decolourisation of textile wastewaters: Perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology . Biores. Technol. , 98 ( 12 ) : 2369 – 2385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droste , R. L. 1997 . Theory and practice of water and wastewater treatment , Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Duff , S. J. B. , Kennedy , K. J. and Brady , A. J. 1995 . Treatment of dilute phenol/PCP wastewaters using the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor . Water Res. , 29 ( 2 ) : 645 – 651 .
   Google Scholar
• Eckenfelder , W. W. 1989 . Industrial water pollution control, , International ed. , New York : McGraw-Hill, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt , H. M. and Rehm , H. J. 1985 . Phenol degradation by microorganisms adsorbed on activated carbon . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 21 ( 1–2 ) : 32 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt , H. M. and Rehm , H.-J. 1989 . Semi continuous and continuous degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida P8 adsorbed on activated carbon . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 30 ( 3 ) : 312 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Eichner , C. A. , Erb , R. W. , Timmis , K. N. and Wagner-Döbler , I. 1999 . Thermal gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bioprotection from pollutant shocks in the activated sludge microbial community . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 65 ( 1 ) : 102 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emanuelsson , E. A. C. , Baptista , I. I. R. , Mantalaris , A. and Livingston , A. G. 2005 . Strain stability in biological systems treating recalcitrant organic compounds . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 92 ( 7 ) : 843 – 849 .
   Google Scholar
• Emanuelsson , M. A. E. , Henriques , I. S. , Ferreira Jorge , R. M. and Castro , P. M. L. 2006 . Biodegradation of 2-fluorobenzoate in upflow fixed bed bioreactors operated with different growth support materials . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 81 ( 9 ) : 1577 – 1585 .
   Google Scholar
• Emanuelsson , M. A. E. , Osuna , M. B. , Sipma , J. and Castro , P. M. L. 2008 . Treatment of halogenated organic compounds and monitoring of microbial dynamics in up-flow fixed bed reactors under sequentially alternating pollutant scenarios . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 99 ( 4 ) : 800 – 810 .
   Google Scholar
• Enright , A.-M. , McHugh , S. , Collins , G. and O'Flaherty , V. 2005 . Low-temperature anaerobic biological treatment of solvent containing pharmaceutical wastewater . Water Res. , 39 ( 19 ) : 4587 – 4596 .
   Google Scholar
• Enright , A.-M. , Collins , G. and O'Flaherty , V. 2007 . Low-temperature anaerobic biological treatment of toluene-containing wastewater . Water Res. , 41 ( 7 ) : 1465 – 1472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esparza-Soto , M. and Westerhoff , P. 2003 . Biosorption of humic and fulvic acids to live activated sludge biomass . Water Res. , 37 ( 10 ) : 2301 – 2310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , H. H. P. , Chen , T. , Li , Y.-Y. and Chui , H.-K. 1996 . Degradation of phenol in wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor . Water Res. , 30 ( 6 ) : 1353 – 1360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feakin , S. J. , Blackburn , E. and Burns , R. G. 1995 . Inoculation of granular activated carbon in a fixed bed with S-triazine-degrading bacteria as a water treatment process . Water Res. , 29 ( 3 ) : 819 – 825 .
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez , A. , Huang , S. , Seston , S. , Xing , J. , Hickey , R. , Criddle , C. and Tiedje , J. 1999 . How stable is stable? Function versus community composition . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 65 ( 8 ) : 3697 – 3704 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez , A. S. , Hashsham , S. A. , Dollhopf , S. L. , Raskin , L. , Glagoleva , O. , Dazzo , F. B. , Hickey , R. F. , Criddle , C. S. and Tiedje , J. M. 2000 . Flexible community structure correlates with stable community function in methanogenic bioreactor communities perturbed by glucose . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 66 ( 9 ) : 4058 – 4067 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira Jorge , R. M. and Livingston , A. G. 2000 . Microbial dynamics in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor exposed to an alternating sequence of organic compounds . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 69 ( 4 ) : 409 – 417 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira Jorge , R. M. and Livingston , A. G. 2000 . Microbial dynamics in an extractive membrane bioreactor exposed to an alternating sequence of organic compounds . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 70 ( 3 ) : 313 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferschl , A. , Loidl , M. , Ditzelmiiller , G. , Hinteregger , C. and Streichsbier , F. 1991 . Continuous degradation of 3-chloroaniline by calcium-alginate-entrapped cells of Pseudomonas acidovorans CA28: Influence of additional substrates . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 35 ( 4 ) : 544 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Finlayson , J. C. , Liao , B. , Droppo , I. G. , Leppard , G. G. and Liss , S. N. 1998 . The relationship between the structure of activated sludge flocs and the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants . Water Sci. Technol. , 37 ( 4–5 ) : 353 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flemming , H.-C. 1995 . Sorption sites in biofilms . Water Sci. Technol. , 32 ( 8 ) : 27 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas dos Santos , L. M. and Livingston , A. G. 1995 . Novel membrane bioreactor for detoxification of VOC wastewaters: Biodegradation of 1,2-dichloroethane . Water Res. , 29 ( 1 ) : 179 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuzaki , S. , Nishio , N. and Nagai , S. 1995 . High rate performance and characterization of granular methanogenic sludges in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors fed with various defined substrates . J. Ferm. Bioeng. , 79 ( 4 ) : 354 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Galil , N. I. , Schwartz-Mittelman , A. and Saroussi-Zohar , O. 1998 . Biomass deflocculation and process disturbances exerted by phenol induced transient load conditions . Water Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 8–9 ) : 105 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Geis , S. W. , Fleming , K. L. , Korthals , E. T. , Searle , G. , Reynolds , L. and Karner , D. A. 2000 . Modifications to the algal growth inhibition test for use as a regulatory assay . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 19 ( 1 ) : 36 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodall , J. L. and Peretti , S. W. 1998 . Dynamic modeling of meta- and para-nitrobenzoate metabolism by a mixed co-immobilized culture of Comamonas spp. JS46 and JS47 . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 59 ( 4 ) : 507 – 516 .
   Google Scholar
• Grobicki , A. and Stuckey , D. C. 1991 . Performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor under steady-state and shock loading conditions . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 37 ( 4 ) : 344 – 355 .
   Google Scholar
• Guibaud , G. , van Hullebusch , E. and Bordas , F. 2006 . Lead and cadmium biosorption by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from activated sludges: pH-sorption edge tests and mathematical equilibrium modeling . Chemosphere , 64 ( 11 ) : 1955 – 1962 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez , M. , Etxebarria , J. and de las Fuentes , L. 2002 . Evaluation of wastewater toxicity: Comparative study between Microtox and activated sludge oxygen uptake inhibition . Water Res. , 36 ( 4 ) : 919 – 924 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamer , G. 1997 . Microbial consortia for multiple pollutant biodegradation . Pure Appl. Chem. , 69 ( 11 ) : 2343 – 2356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriksen , H. V. and Ahring , B. K. 1993 . Anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in fixed-film and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors using different inocula . Biodegradation , 3 ( 4 ) : 399 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• Henriques , I. D. S. , Holbrook , R. D. , Kelly , R. T. II and Love , N. G. 2005 . The impact of floc size on respiration inhibition by soluble toxicants—a comparative investigation . Water Res. , 39 ( 12 ) : 2559 – 2568 .
   Google Scholar
• Henze , M. , Gujer , W. , Matsuo , T. and Van Loosdrecht , M. 2000 . Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3 , London, UK : IWA Publishing . Scientific and technical reports
   Google Scholar
• Hickey , R. F. , Vanderweilen , J. and Switzenbaum , M. S. 1987 . Production of trace levels of carbon-monoxide during methanogenesis on acetate and methanol . Biotechnol. Lett. , 9 ( 1 ) : 63 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinteregger , C. and Streichsbier , F. 1997 . Halomonas sp., a moderately halophilic strain, for biotreatment of saline phenolic waste-water . Biotechnol. Lett. , 19 ( 11 ) : 1099 – 1102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwu , C.-S. , Donlon , B. and Lettinga , G. 1996 . Comparative toxicity of long-chain fatty acid to anaerobic sludges from various origins . Water Sci. Technol. , 34 ( 5–6 ) : 351 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inizan , M. , Freval , A. , Cigana , J. and Meinhold , J. 2005 . Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for industrial wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 52 ( 10–11 ) : 335 – 343 .
   Google Scholar
• Jahren , S. J. , Rintala , J. A. and Ødegaard , H. 2002 . Aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor treating thermomechanical pulping whitewater under thermophilic conditions . Water Res. , 36 ( 4 ) : 1067 – 1075 .
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson , B. , Laine , A. L. , Judd , S. J. and Stephenson , T. 2000 . Membrane bioreactors and their role in wastewater reuse . Water Sci. Technol. , 41 ( 1 ) : 197 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Jennings , V. L. K. , Rayner-Brandes , M. H. and Bird , D. J. 2001 . Assessing chemical toxicity with the bioluminescence photobacterium (Vibrio fischeri): A comparison of three commercial systems . Water Res. , 35 ( 14 ) : 3448 – 3456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , J. 1999 . Fate and effects of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) in the terrestrial environment . Sci. Total Environ. , 226 ( 2–3 ) : 93 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , H.-L. , Tay , J.-H. and Tay , S. T.-L. 2002 . Aggregation of immobilized activated sludge cells into aerobically grown microbial granules for the aerobic biodegradation of phenol . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 35 ( 5 ) : 439 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• Jiang , H.-L. , Tay , J.-H. and Tay , S. T.-L. 2004 . Changes in structure, activity and metabolism of aerobic granules as a microbial response to high phenol loading . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 63 ( 5 ) : 602 – 608 .
   Google Scholar
• Jönsson , K. , Grunditz , C. , Dalhammar , G. and La Cour Jansen , J. 2000 . Occurrence of nitrification inhibition in Swedish municipal wastewaters . Water Res. , 34 ( 9 ) : 2455 – 2462 .
   Google Scholar
• Kabdali , I. , Gürel , M. and Tünay , O. 1999 . Pollution prevention and waste treatment in chemical synthesis processes for pharmaceutical industry . Water Sci. Technol. , 39 ( 10–11 ) : 265 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaewpipat , K. and Grady , C. P. L. Jr. 2002 . Microbial population dynamics in laboratory-scale activated sludge reactors . Water Sci. Technol. , 46 ( 1–2 ) : 19 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Kapley , A. , Purohit , H. J. , Chhatre , S. , Shanker , R. , Chakrabarti , T. and Khanna , P. 1999 . Osmotolerance and hydrocarbon degradation by a genetically modified microbial consortium . Biores. Technol. , 67 ( 3 ) : 241 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaprelyants , A. S. , Mukamolova , G. V. and Kell , D. B. 1994 . Estimation of dormant Micrococcus luteus by penicillin lysis and by resuscitation in cell-free spent culture medium at high cells dilution . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , 115 ( 2–3 ) : 347 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Kazy , S. K. , Sar , P. , Singh , S. P. , Sen , A. K. and D'Souza , S. F. 2002 . Extracellular polysaccharides of a copper-sensitive and a copper-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain: Synthesis, chemical nature and copper binding . World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 18 ( 6 ) : 583 – 588 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keevil , C. W. 2004 . The physico-chemistry of biofilm-mediated pitting corrosion of copper pipe supplying potable water . Water Sci. Technol. , 49 ( 2 ) : 91 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , K. J. , Lu , J. and Mohn , W. W. 1992 . Biosorption of chlorophenols to anaerobic granular sludge . Water Res. , 26 ( 8 ) : 1085 – 1092 .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , K. J. and Pham , T. T. 1995 . Effect of anaerobic sludge source and condition on biosorption of PCP . Water Res. , 29 ( 10 ) : 2360 – 2366 .
   Google Scholar
• Khalil , E. F. , Whitmore , T. N. , Gamal-EI-Din , H. , EI-Bassel , A. and Lloyd , D. 1988 . The effects of detergents on anaerobic digestion . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 29 ( 5 ) : 517 – 522 .
   Google Scholar
• Khodadoust , A. P. , Wagner , J. A. , Suidan , M. T. and Brenner , R. C. 1997 . Anaerobic treatment of PCP in fluidized-bed GAC bioreactors . Water Res. , 31 ( 7 ) : 1776 – 1786 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh , S.-H. and Ellis , T. G. 2005 . Protocol for early detection and evaluation of inhibitory wastewater using combined aerobic respirometric and anaerobic batch techniques . Water Environ. Res. , 77 ( 7 ) : 3092 – 3100 .
   Google Scholar
• Köhler , A. , Hellweg , S. , Escher , B. I. and Hungerbühler , K. 2006 . Organic pollutant removal versus toxicity reduction in industrial wastewater treatment: The example of wastewater from fluorescent whitening agent production . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 ( 10 ) : 3395 – 3401 .
   Google Scholar
• Kong , Z. , Van Rolleghem , P. , Willems , P. and Verstraete , W. 1996 . Simultaneous determination of inhibition kinetics of carbon oxidation and nitrification with a respirometer . Water Res. , 30 ( 4 ) : 825 – 836 .
   Google Scholar
• Koster , I. W. , Rinzema , A. , De Vegt , A. L. and Lettinga , G. 1986 . Sulfide inhibition of the methanogenic activity of granular sludge at various pH-levels . Water Res. , 20 ( 12 ) : 1561 – 1567 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutinas , M. , Baptista , I. I. , Meniconi , A. , Peeva , L. G. , Mantalaris , A. , Castro , P. M. and Livingston , A. G. 2007 . The use of an oil-absorber-bioscrubber system during biodegradation of sequentially alternating loadings of 1,2-dichloroethane and fluorobenzene in a waste gas . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 62 ( 21 ) : 5989 – 6001 .
   Google Scholar
• Koutinas , M. , Martin , J. , Peeva , L. G. , Mantalaris , A. and Livingston , A. G. 2006 . An oil-absorber-bioscrubber system to stabilize biotreatment of pollutants present in waste gas. Fluctuating loads of 1,2-dichloroethane . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 ( 2 ) : 595 – 602 .
   Google Scholar
• Krishna , C. and Van Loosdrecht , M. C. M. 1999 . Effect of temperature on storage polymers and settleability of activated sludge . Water Res. , 33 ( 10 ) : 2374 – 2382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krumme , M. L. and Boyd , S. A. 1988 . Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated phenols in anaerobic upflow bioreactors . Water Res. , 22 ( 2 ) : 171 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kungolos , A. 2005 . Evaluation of toxic properties of industrial wastewater using on-line respirometry . J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A , 40 ( 4 ) : 869 – 880 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaPara , T. M. and Alleman , J. E. 1999 . Thermophilic aerobic biological wastewater treatment . Water Res. , 33 ( 4 ) : 895 – 908 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaPara , T. M. , Konopka , A. , Nakatsu , C. H. and Alleman , J. E. 2000 . Effects of elevated temperature on bacterial community structure and function in bioreactors treating a synthetic wastewater . J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 24 ( 2 ) : 140 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• LaPara , T. M. , Nakatsu , C. H. , Pantea , L. M. and Alleman , J. E. 2002 . Stability of the bacterial communities supported by a seven-stage biological process treating pharmaceutical wastewater as revealed by PCR-DGGE . Water Res. , 36 ( 3 ) : 638 – 646 .
   Google Scholar
• Laspidou , C. S. and Rittmann , B. E. 2002 . A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and active and inert biomass . Water Res. , 36 ( 11 ) : 2711 – 2720 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layton , A. C. , Muccini , M. , Ghosh , M. M. and Sayler , G. S. 1998 . Construction of a bioluminescent reporter strain to detect polychlorinated biphenyls . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 64 ( 12 ) : 5023 – 5026 .
   Google Scholar
• Layton , A. C. , Gregory , B. , Schultz , T. W. and Sayler , G. S. 1999 . Validation of genetically engineered bioluminescent surfactant resistant bacteria as toxicity assessment tools . Ecotox. Environ. Safety , 43 ( 2 ) : 222 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarova , V. and Manem , J. 1995 . Biofilm characterization and activity analysis in water and wastewater treatment . Water Res. , 29 ( 10 ) : 2227 – 2245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , B.-N. , Lou , J.-C. and Yen , P.-C. 2002 . Catalytic wet oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol solutions: Activity of the manganese–cerium composite catalyst and biodegradability of the effluent stream . Water Environ. Res. , 74 ( 1 ) : 28 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre , O. and Moletta , R. 2006 . Treatment of organic pollution in industrial saline wastewater: A literature review . Water Res. , 40 ( 20 ) : 3671 – 3682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitão , R. C. , van Haandel , A. C. , Zeeman , G. and Lettinga , G. 2006 . The effects of operational and environmental variations on anaerobic wastewater treatment systems: A review . Biores. Technol. , 97 ( 9 ) : 1105 – 1118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lens , P. N. L. , Visser , A. , Janssen , A. J. H. , Hulshoff Pol , L. W. and Lettinga , G. 1998 . Biotechnological treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters . Crit. Env. Sci. Technol. , 28 ( 1 ) : 41 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepistö , R. and Rintala , J. 1999 . Extreme thermophilic (70°C), VFA-fed UASB reactor: Performance, temperature response, load potential and comparison with 35 and 55°C UASB reactors . Water Res. , 33 ( 14 ) : 3162 – 3170 .
   Google Scholar
• Lettinga , G. , Rebac , S. and Zeeman , G. 2001 . Challenge of psychrophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment . Trends Biotechnol. , 19 ( 9 ) : 363 – 370 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li , X. , Gao , F. , Hua , Z. , Du , G. and Chen , J. 2005 . Treatment of synthetic wastewater by a novel MBR with granular sludge developed for controlling membrane fouling . Separ. Purif. Technol. , 46 ( 1–2 ) : 19 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Liao , B. Q. , Allen , D. G. , Droppo , I. G. , Leppard , G. G. and Liss , S. N. 2001 . Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability . Water Res. , 35 ( 2 ) : 339 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , W. , Howell , J. A. , Arnot , T. C. and Scott , J. A. 2001 . A novel extractive membrane bioreactor for treating biorefractory organic pollutants in the presence of high concentrations of inorganics: Application to a synthetic acidic effluent containing high concentrations of chlorophenol and salt . J. Membr. Sci. , 181 ( 1 ) : 127 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. , Yang , S.-F. , Xu , H. , Woon , K.-H. , Lin , Y.-M. and Tay , J.-H. 2003 . Biosorption kinetics of cadmium(II) on aerobic granular sludge . Proc. Biochem. , 38 ( 7 ) : 997 – 1001 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. , Xu , H. , Yang , S.-F. and Tay , J.-H. 2003 . A general model for biosorption of Cd2 +, Cu2 + and Zn2 + by aerobic granules . J. Biotechnol. , 102 ( 3 ) : 233 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. and Tay , J.-H. 2004 . State of the art of biogranulation technology for wastewater treatment . Biotechnol. Adv. , 22 ( 7 ) : 533 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. and Liu , Q.-S. 2006 . Causes and control of filamentous growth in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors . Biotechnol. Adv. , 24 ( 1 ) : 115 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston , A. G. 1994 . Extractive membrane bioreactors: A new process technology for detoxifying chemical industry wastewaters . J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. , 60 ( 1 ) : 17 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Livingston , A. G. , Arcangeli , J.-P. , Boam , A. T. , Zhang , S. , Marangon , M. and Freitas dos Santos , L. M. 1998 . Extractive membrane bioreactors for detoxification of chemical industry wastes: Process development . J. Membr. Sci. , 151 ( 1 ) : 29 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Livingston , A. G. , Freitas dos Santos , L. M. , Pavasant , P. , Pistikopoulos , E. N. and Strachan , L. F. 1996 . Detoxification of industrial wastewaters in an extractive membrane bioreactor . Water Sci. Technol. , 33 ( 3 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Luvsanjamba , M. , Sercu , B. , Kertész , S. and Van Langenhove , H. 2007 . Thermophilic biotrickling filtration of a mixture of isobutyraldehyde and 2-pentanone . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 82 ( 1 ) : 74 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Majone , M. , Massanisso , P. and Ramadori , R. 1998 . Comparison of carbon storage under aerobic and anoxic conditions . Water Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 8–9 ) : 77 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Majone , M. , Dircks , K. and Beun , J. J. 1999 . Aerobic storage under dynamic conditions in activated sludge processes. The state of the art . Water Sci. Technol. , 39 ( 1 ) : 61 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumder , P. S. and Gupta , S. K. 2003 . Hybrid reactor for priority pollutant nitrobenzene removal . Water Res. , 37 ( 18 ) : 4331 – 4336 .
   Google Scholar
• Mantzavinos , D. and Psillakis , E. 2004 . Enhancement of biodegradability of industrial wastewaters by chemical oxidation pre-treatment . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 79 ( 5 ) : 431 – 454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margesin , R. and Schinner , F. 2001 . Biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 56 ( 5–6 ) : 650 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure , N. C. , Fry , J. C. and Weightman , A. J. 1991 . Survival and catabolic activity of natural and genetically engineered bacteria in a laboratory-scale activated-sludge unit . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 57 ( 2 ) : 366 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Mensah , K. A. and Forster , C. F. 2003 . An examination of the effects of detergents on anaerobic digestion . Biores. Technol. , 90 ( 2 ) : 133 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Meriç , S. , Kabdah , I. , Tünay , O. and Orhon , D. 1999 . Treatability of strong wastewaters from polyester manufacturing industry . Water Sci. Technol. , 39 ( 10–11 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Misra , C. and Gupta , S. K. 2001 . Hybrid reactor for priority pollutant-trichloroethylene removal . Water Res. , 35 ( 1 ) : 160 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Miura , Y. , Hiraiwa , M. N. , Ito , T. , Itonaga , T. , Watanabe , Y. and Okabe , S. 2007 . Bacterial community structures in MBRs treating municipal wastewater: Relationship between community stability and reactor performance . Water Res. , 41 ( 3 ) : 627 – 637 .
   Google Scholar
• Moe , W. M. and Qi , B. 2004 . Performance of a fungal biofilter treating gas-phase solvent mixtures during intermittent loading . Water Res. , 38 ( 9 ) : 2259 – 2268 .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno , J. and Buitrón , G. 1998 . Respirometry based optimal control of an aerobic bioreactor for the industrial wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 3 ) : 219 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno , J. A. , Betancur , M. J. , Buitrón , G. and Moreno-Andrade , I. 2006 . Event-driven time-optimal control for a class of discontinuous bioreactors . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 94 ( 4 ) : 803 – 814 .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno-Andrade , I. , Buitrón , G. , Betancur , M. J. and Moreno , J. A. 2006 . Optimal degradation of inhibitory wastewaters in a fed-batch bioreactor . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 81 ( 4 ) : 713 – 720 .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , J. W. , Forster , C. F. and Evison , L. 1990 . A comparative study of the nature of biopolymers extracted from anaerobic and activated sludges . Water Res. , 24 ( 6 ) : 743 – 750 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan-Sagastume , F. and Allen , D. G. 2003 . Effects of temperature transient conditions on aerobic biological treatment of wastewater . Water Res. , 37 ( 15 ) : 3590 – 3601 .
   Google Scholar
• Morgenroth , E. , Sherden , T. , Van Loosdrecht , M. C. M. , Heijnen , J. J. and Wilderer , P. A. 1997 . Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor . Water Res. , 31 ( 12 ) : 3191 – 3194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mörsen , A. and Rehm , H. J. 1987 . Degradation of phenol by a mixed culture of Pseudomonas putida Cryptococcus elinovii adsorbed on activated carbon . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 26 ( 3 ) : 283 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Mösche , M. and Meyer , U. 2002 . Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in anaerobic digestion: Influence of exposure time . Water Res. , 36 ( 13 ) : 3253 – 3260 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munz , G. , Gori , R. , Mori , G. and Lubello , C. 2007 . Powdered activated carbon and membrane bioreactors (MBRPAC) for tannery wastewater treatment: Long term effect on biological and filtration process performances . Desalination , 207 ( 1–3 ) : 349 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Nachaiyasit , S. and Stuckey , D. C. 1997 . The effect of shock loads on the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). 1. Step changes in feed concentration at constant retention time . Water Res. , 31 ( 11 ) : 2737 – 2746 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachaiyasit , S. and Stuckey , D. C. 1997 . The effect of shock loads on the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). 2. Step and transient hydraulic shocks at constant feed strength . Water Res. , 31 ( 11 ) : 2747 – 2754 .
   Google Scholar
• Nagel , P. , Urtubia , A. , Aroca , G. , Chamy , R. and Schiappacasse , M. 1999 . Methanogenic toxicity and anaerobic biodegradation of chemical products in use in a brewery . Water Sci. Technol. , 40 ( 8 ) : 169 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Natarajan , R. , Azerad , R. , Badet , B. and Copin , E. 2005 . Microbial cleavage of C–F bond . J. Fluorine Chem. , 126 ( 4 ) : 425 – 436 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicolella , C. , van Loosdrecht , M. C. M. and Heijnen , S. J. 2000 . Wastewater treatment with particulate biofilm reactors . J. Biotechnol. , 80 ( 1 ) : 1 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicolella , C. , Zolezzi , M. , Rabino , M. , Furfaro , M. and Rovatti , M. 2005 . Development of particle-based biofilms for degradation of xenobiotic organic compounds . Water Res. , 39 ( 12 ) : 2495 – 2504 .
   Google Scholar
• Ødegaard , H. 2006 . Innovations in wastewater treatment: The moving bed biofilm process . Water Sci. Technol. , 53 ( 9 ) : 17 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira , T. A. C. and Livingston , A. G. 2003 . Bioscrubbing of waste gas-substrate absorber to avoid instability induced by inhibition kinetics . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 84 ( 5 ) : 552 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai , S.-L. , Hsu , Y.-L. , Chong , N.-M. , Sheu , C.-S. and Chen , C.-H. 1995 . Continuous degradation of phenol by Rhodococcus sp. immobilized on granular activated carbon and in calcium alginate . Biores. Technol. , 51 ( 1 ) : 37 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Paraskeva , P. and Diamadopoulos , E. 2006 . Technologies for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment: A review . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 81 ( 9 ) : 1475 – 1485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel , G. B. , Agnew , B. J. and Dicaire , C. J. 1991 . Inhibition of pure cultures of methanogens by benzene ring compounds . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 57 ( 10 ) : 2969 – 2974 .
   Google Scholar
• Patwardhan , A. W. 2003 . Rotating biological contactors: A review . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 42 ( 10 ) : 2035 – 2051 .
   Google Scholar
• Petersen , B. , Gernaey , K. , Henze , M. and Vanrolleghem , P. A. 2002 . Evaluation of an ASM1 model calibration procedure on a municipal-industrial wastewater treatment plant . J. Hydroinformatics , 4 ( 1 ) : 15 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Prado Acosta , M. , Valdman , E. , Leite , S. G. F. , Battaglini , F. and Ruzal , S. M. 2005 . Biosorption of copper by Paenibacillus polymyxa cells and their exopolysaccharide . World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 21 ( 6–7 ) : 1157 – 1163 .
   Google Scholar
• Prats , D. , Ruiz , F. , Vazquez , B. and Rodriguez-Pastor , M. 1997 . Removal of anionic and nonionic surfactants in a wastewater treatment plant with anaerobic digestion: A comparative study . Water Res. , 31 ( 8 ) : 1925 – 1930 .
   Google Scholar
• Prieto , M. B. , Hidalgo , A. , Rodríguez-Fernández , C. , Serra , J. L. and Llama , M. J. 2002 . Biodegradation of phenol in synthetic and industrial wastewater by Rhodococcus erythropolis UPV-1 immobilized in an air-stirred reactor with clarifier . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 58 ( 6 ) : 853 – 859 .
   Google Scholar
• Pruden , A. , Sedran , M. , Suidan , M. and Venosa , A. 2003 . Biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in an aerobic fluidized bed reactor . Water Sci. Technol. , 47 ( 9 ) : 123 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Rajganesh , B. and Sublette , K. L. 1995 . Biotreatment of refinery spent sulfidic caustics . Biotechnol. Prog. , 11 ( 2 ) : 228 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Rebac , S. , Ruskova , J. , Gerbens , S. , Van Lier , J. B. , Stams , A. J. M. and Lettinga , G. 1995 . High-rate anaerobic treatment of wastewater under psychrophilic conditions . J. Ferm. Bioeng. , 80 ( 5 ) : 15 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Rintala , J. A. and Lepistö , S. S. 1998 . Thermophilic anaerobic treatment of sulphur rich forest industry wastewater . Biodegradation , 9 ( 3–4 ) : 225 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Sawada , T. and Nakamura , Y. 1987 . Growth inhibitory and lethal effects of ethanol on Escherichia coli . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 29 ( 6 ) : 742 – 746 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , J. E. and Ahring , B. K. 1996 . Granular sludge formation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 49 ( 3 ) : 229 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , J. E. and Ahring , B. K. 1997 . Treatment of waste water from a multi product food-processing company, in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors: The effect of seasonal variation . Pure Appl. Chem. , 69 ( 11 ) : 2447 – 2452 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz-Mittelmann , A. and Galil , N. I. 2000 . Biological mechanisms involved in bioflocculation disturbances caused by phenol . Water Sci. Technol. , 42 ( 1–2 ) : 105 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarzenbeck , N. , Erley , R. and Wilderer , P. A. 2004 . Aerobic granular sludge in an SBR-system treating wastewater rich in particulate matter . Water Sci. Technol. , 49 ( 11–12 ) : 41 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Seo , G. T. , Ahan , H. I. , Kim , J. T. , Lee , Y. J. and Kim , I. S. 2004 . Domestic wastewater reclamation by submerged membrane bioreactor with high concentration powdered activated carbon for stream restoration . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 2 ) : 173 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Shao , C. Y. , Howe , C. J. , Porter , A. J. R. and Glover , L. A. 2002 . Novel cyanobacterial biosensor for detection of herbicides . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 68 ( 10 ) : 5026 – 5033 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , N. R. , Yu , Z. and Mohn , W. W. 2003 . Stability of the bacterial community in a pulp mill effluent treatment system during normal operation and a system shutdown . Water Res. , 37 ( 20 ) : 4873 – 4884 .
   Google Scholar
• Strachan , L. F. and Livingston , A. G. 1997 . The effect of membrane module configuration on extraction efficiency in an extractive membrane bioreactor . J. Membr. Sci. , 128 ( 2 ) : 231 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Strotmann , U. J. , Butz , B. and Bias , W.-R. 1993 . The dehydrogenase assay with resazurin: Practical performance as a monitoring system and pH-dependent toxicity of phenolic compounds . Ecotox. Environ. Safety , 25 ( 1 ) : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Suidan , M. T. , Flora , J. R. V. , Boyer , T. K. , Wuellner , A. M. and Narayanan , B. 1996 . Anaerobic dechlorination using a fluidized-bed GAC reactor . Water Res. , 30 ( 1 ) : 160 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Suvilampi , J. , Lehtomäki , A. and Rintala , J. 2003 . Comparison of laboratory-scale thermophilic biofilm and activated sludge processes integrated with a mesophilic activated sludge process . Biores. Technol. , 88 ( 3 ) : 207 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Tatarazako , N. and Oda , S. 2007 . The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) as a test species for screening and evaluation of chemicals with endocrine disrupting effects on crustaceans . Ecotoxicology , 16 ( 1 ) : 197 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Tauriainen , S. M. , Virta , M. P. J. and Karp , M. T. 2000 . Detecting bioavailable toxic metals and metalloids from natural water samples using luminescent sensor bacteria . Water Res. , 34 ( 10 ) : 2661 – 2666 .
   Google Scholar
• Tay , S. T.-L. , Moy , B. Y.-P. , Jiang , H.-L. and Tay , J.-H. 2005 . Rapid cultivation of stable aerobic phenol-degrading granules using acetate-fed granules as microbial seed . J. Biotechnol. , 115 ( 4 ) : 387 – 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Tay , S. T.-L. , Moy , B. Y.-P. , Maszenan , A. M. and Tay , J.-H. 2005 . Comparing activated sludge and aerobic granules as microbial inocula for phenol biodegradation . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 67 ( 5 ) : 708 – 713 .
   Google Scholar
• Tchobanoglous , G. , Burton , F. L. and Stensel , H. D. 2002 . Wastewater engineering: Treatment and reuse, , 4th ed. , New York : Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , J. H. and Zeikus , J. G. 1988 . The anion-exchange substrate shuttle process: A new approach to two-stage biomethanation of organic and toxic wastes . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 31 ( 6 ) : 521 – 535 .
   Google Scholar
• Thuy , Q. T. T. and Visvanathan , C. 2006 . Removal of inhibitory phenolic compounds by biological activated carbon coupled membrane bioreactor . Water Sci. Technol. , 53 ( 11 ) : 89 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Tomei , M. C. , Annesini , M. C. , Luberti , R. , Cento , G. and Senia , A. 2003 . Kinetics of 4-nitrophenol biodegradation in a sequencing batch reactor . Water Res. , 37 ( 16 ) : 3803 – 3814 .
   Google Scholar
• Tomei , M. C. , Annesini , M. C. and Bussoletti , S. 2004 . 4-nitrophenol biodegradation in a sequencing batch reactor: Kinetic study and effect of filling time . Water Res. , 38 ( 2 ) : 375 – 384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tresse , O. , Lorrain , M.-J. and Rho , D. 2002 . Population dynamics of free-floating and attached bacteria in a styrene-degrading biotrickling filter analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 59 ( 4–5 ) : 585 – 590 .
   Google Scholar
• Tripathi , C. S. and Allen , D. G. 1999 . Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic aerobic biological treatment in sequencing batch reactors treating bleached kraft pulp mill effluent . Water Res. , 33 ( 3 ) : 836 – 846 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Roest , H. F. , van Bentem , A. G. N. and Lawrence , D. P. 2002 . MBR-technology in municipal wastewater treatment: Challenging the traditional treatment technologies . Water Sci. Technol. , 46 ( 4–5 ) : 273 – 280 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Hulle , S. W. H. and Vanrolleghem , P. A. 2004 . Modelling and optimisation of a chemical industry wastewater treatment plant subjected to varying production schedules . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 79 ( 10 ) : 1084 – 1091 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Lier , J. B. 1996 . Limitations of thermophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment and the consequences for process design . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Int. J. Gen. Molecular Microbiol.) , 69 ( 1 ) : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Lier , J. B. , Grolle , K. C. F. , Stams , A. J. M. , Conway de Macario , E. and Lettinga , G. 1992 . Start-up of a thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor with mesophilic granular sludge . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 37 ( 1 ) : 130 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Lier , J. B. , Groeneveld , N. and Lettinga , G. 1996 . Development of thermophilic methanogenic sludge in compartmentalized upflow reactors . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 50 ( 2 ) : 115 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Lier , J. B. , Sanz Martin , J. L. and Lettinga , G. 1996 . Effect of temperature on the anaerobic thermophilic conversion of volatile fatty acids by dispersed and granular sludge . Water Res. , 30 ( 1 ) : 199 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Lier , J. B. , Lens , P. N. L. and Hulshoff Pol , L. W. 2001 . Anaerobic treatment for C and S removal in “zero-discharge” paper mills: Effects of process design on S removal efficiencies . Water Sci. Technol. , 44 ( 4 ) : 189 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Lier , J. B. and Boncz , M. A. 2002 . Controlling calcium precipitation in an integrated anaerobic–aerobic treatment system of a “zero-discharge” paper mill . Water Sci. Technol. , 45 ( 10 ) : 341 – 347 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Loosdrecht , M. C. M. and Heijnen , S. J. 1993 . Biofilm bioreactors for wastewater treatment . Trends Biotechnol. , 11 ( 4 ) : 117 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Loosdrecht , M. C. M. and Henze , M. 1999 . Maintenance, endogeneous respiration, lysis, decay and predation . Water Sci. Technol. , 39 ( 1 ) : 107 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas , A. , Soto , G. , Moreno , J. and Buitrón , G. 2000 . Observer-based time-optimal control of an aerobic SBR for chemical and petrochemical wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 42 ( 5–6 ) : 163 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Visvanathan , C. , Thu , L. N. , Jegatheesan , V. and Anotai , J. 2005 . Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in a membrane bioreactor . Desalination , 183 ( 1–3 ) : 455 – 464 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelaar , J. C. T. , Klapwijk , A. , Van Lier , J. B. and Rulkens , W. H. 2000 . Temperature effects on the oxygen transfer rate between 20 and 55°C . Water Res. , 34 ( 3 ) : 1037 – 1041 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelaar , J. C. T. , Klapwijk , B. , Van Lier , J. B. and Lettinga , G. 2002 . Mesophilic and thermophilic activated sludge post treatment of anaerobic effluent: Sludge and wastewater characterisation using batch experiments . Biodegradation , 13 ( 4 ) : 261 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelaar , J. C. T. , Van Lier , J. B. , Klapwijk , B. , De Vries , M. C. and Lettinga , G. 2002 . Assessment of effluent turbidity in mesophilic and thermophilic activated sludge reactors—origin of effluent colloidal material . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 59 ( 1 ) : 105 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelaar , J. C. T. , Bouwhuis , E. , Klapwijk , A. , Spanjers , H. and Van Lier , J. B. Mesophilic and thermophilic activated sludge post-treatment of paper mill process water . Water Res. , 36 ( 7 ) 1869 – 1879 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelsang , C. , Husby , A. and Østgaard , K. 1997 . Functional stability of temperature-compensated nitrification in domestic wastewater obtained with PVA-SBQ/alginate gel entrapment . Water Res. , 31 ( 7 ) : 1659 – 1664 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelsang , C. , Gollembiewski , K. and Østgaard , K. 1999 . Effect of preservation techniques on the regeneration of gel entrapped nitrifying sludge . Water Res. , 33 ( 1 ) : 164 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogelsang , C. , Wijffels , R. H. and Østgaard , K. 2000 . Rheological properties and mechanical stability of new gel-entrapment systems applied in bioreactors . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 70 ( 3 ) : 247 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. , Liu , L. , Yao , J. and Cai , W. 2006 . Effects of extracellular polymeric substances on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors . Chemosphere , 63 ( 10 ) : 1728 – 1735 .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , K. , Hino , S. and Takahashi , N. 1996 . Responses of activated sludge to an increase in phenol loading . J. Ferm. Bioeng. , 82 ( 5 ) : 522 – 524 .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , K. , Teramoto , M. and Harayama , S. 1999 . An outbreak of nonflocculating catabolic populations caused the breakdown of a phenol-digesting activated-sludge process . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 65 ( 7 ) : 2813 – 2819 .
   Google Scholar
• Westmeier , F. and Rehm , H. J. 1985 . Biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol by entrapped Alcaligenes sp. A 7-2 . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 22 ( 5 ) : 301 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilén , B.-M. , Keiding , K. and Nielsen , P. H. 2000 . Anaerobic deflocculation and aerobic reflocculation of activated sludge . Water Res. , 34 ( 16 ) : 3933 – 3942 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilén , B.-M. , Nielsen , J. L. , Keiding , K. and Nielsen , P. H. 2000 . Influence of microbial activity on the stability of activated sludge flocs . Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces , 18 ( 2 ) : 145 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiles , S. , Whiteley , A. S. , Philp , J. C. and Bailey , M. J. 2003 . Development of bespoke bioluminescent reporters with the potential for in situ deployment within a phenolic-remediating wastewater treatment system . J. Microbiol. Methods , 55 ( 3 ) : 667 – 677 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiles , S. , Lilley , A. K. , Philp , J. C. , Bailey , M. J. and Whiteley , A. S. 2005 . Calibration and deployment of custom-designed bioreporters for protecting biological remediation consortia from toxic shock . Environ. Microbiol. , 7 ( 2 ) : 260 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Winther-Nielsen , M. and La Cour Jansen , J. 1996 . The role of the sludge in nitrification inhibition tests . Water Sci. Technol. , 33 ( 6 ) : 93 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Wise , A. A. and Kuske , C. R. 2000 . Generation of novel bacterial regulatory proteins that detect priority pollutant phenols . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 66 ( 1 ) : 163 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Wobus , A. and Röske , I. 2000 . Reactors with membrane-grown biofilms: Their capacity to cope with fluctuating inflow conditions and with shock loads of xenobiotics . Water Res. , 34 ( 1 ) : 279 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolfaardt , G. M. , Lawrence , J. R. , Headley , J. V. , Robarts , R. D. and Caldwell , D. E. 1994 . Microbial exopolymers provide a mechanism for bioaccumulation of contaminants . Microb. Ecol. , 27 ( 3 ) : 279 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolfaardt , G. M. , Lawrence , J. R. , Robarts , R. D. and Caldwell , D. E. 1998 . In situ characterization of biofilm exopolymers involved in the accumulation of chlorinated organics . Microb. Ecol. , 35 ( 3 ) : 213 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Woolard , C. R. 1997 . The advantages of periodically operated biofilm reactors for the treatment of highly variable wastewater . Water Sci. Technol. , 35 ( 1 ) : 199 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Woolard , C. R. and Irving , R. L. 1994 . Biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater by a biofilm of halophilic bacteria . Water Environ. Res. , 66 ( 3 ) : 230 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolard , C. R. and Irvine , R. L. 1995 . Response of a periodically operated halophilic biofilm reactor to changes in salt concentration . Water Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 1 ) : 41 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , W.-M. , Bhatnagar , L. and Zeikus , J. G. 1993 . Performance of anaerobic granules for degradation of pentachlorophenol . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 59 ( 2 ) : 389 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , H. , Tay , J. H. , Foo , S. K. , Yang , S. F. and Liu , Y. 2004 . Removal of dissolved copper(II) and zinc(II) by aerobic granular sludge . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 9 ) : 155 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Yan , G. and Allen , D. G. 1994 . Biosorption of high molecular weight organochlorines in pulp mill effluent . Water Res. , 28 ( 9 ) : 1933 – 1941 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeom , S. H. and Yoo , Y. J. 1999 . Removal of benzene in a hybrid bioreactor . Proc. Biochem. , 34 ( 3 ) : 281 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Yeom , S.-H. and Daugulis , A. J. 2001 . Development of a novel bioreactor system for treatment of gaseous benzene . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 72 ( 2 ) : 156 – 165 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yi , S. , Zhuang , W.-Q. , Wu , B. , Tay , S. T.-L. and Tay , J.-H. 2006 . Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 ( 7 ) : 2396 – 2401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandvoort , M. H. , Van Hullebusch , E. D. , Peerbolte , A. , Golubnic , S. , Lettinga , G. and Lens , P. N. L. 2005 . Influence of pH shocks on trace metal dynamics and performance of methanol fed granular sludge bioreactors . Biodegradation , 16 ( 6 ) : 549 – 567 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , D. , Wang , J. and Pan , X. 2006 . Cadmium sorption by EPSs produced by anaerobic sludge under sulfate-reducing conditions . J. Hazard. Mat. , 138 ( 3 ) : 589 – 593 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , L.-L. , Feng , X.-X. , Xu , F. , Xu , S. and Cai , W.-M. 2005 . Biosorption of rare earth metal ion on aerobic granules . J. Environ. Sci. Health , 40 ( 4 ) : 857 – 867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang , W.-Q. , Tay , J.-H. , Yi , S. and Tay , S. T.-L. 2005 . Microbial adaptation to biodegradation of tert-butyl alcohol in a sequencing batch reactor . J. Biotechnol. , 118 ( 1 ) : 45 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar