166
Views
64
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Bacterial and biochemical tests for assessing chemical toxicity in the aquatic environment: A review

&
Pages 51-67 | Published online: 09 Jan 2009

References

  • Environmental Protection Agency . 1979 . Toxic substances control act premanufacture testing of new chemical substances . Fed. Reg. , 44 : 16240
  • Guthrie , F. E. and Perry , J. J. , eds. 1980 . Introduction to Environmental Toxicology , N.Y. : Elsevier .
  • Rawlings , G. D. 1978 . Source assessment: textile plant wastewater toxics study: phase I , E.P.A. Report 600/2–78–004 U.S. E.P.A. .
  • Autian , J. and Dillingham , E. O. 1977 . “ Overview of general toxicity testing with emphasis on special tissue culture tests ” . In Short Term in Vitro Testing for Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Toxicity , Edited by: Berky , J. and Sherrod , P. C. Franklin Institute Press .
  • Christian , R. T. , Cody , T. E. and Elia , V. J. 1977 . “ In vitro toxicity testing of environmental samples ” . In Short Term in Vitro Testing for Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Toxicity , Edited by: Berky , J. and Sherrod , P. C. Franklin Institute Press .
  • Malcolm , A. R. and Pringle , B. H. 1975 . “ Chemical toxicity with cultured mammalian cells ” . In Bioassay Techniques and Environmental Chemistry , Edited by: Glass , G. E. Ann Arbor, Mich. : Ann Arbor Science .
  • Giddings , J. M. , Parkhurst , B. R. , Gehrs , C. W. and Millemann , P. E. 1980 . Toxicity of coal liquefaction products to aquatic organisms . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 25 : 1
  • Patrick , R. 1973 . “ Use of algae, especially diatoms in the assessment of water quality ” . In Biological Methods for the Assessment of Water Quality , Philadelphia, Pa : American Society of Testing and Materials . STP 528,
  • Wong , P. T. S. , Burnison , G. and Chan , Y. K. 1979 . Cadmium toxicity to algae . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 23 : 487
  • Becking , C. A. , ed. 1979 . Report of the workshop on biological screening tests , Las Vegas, Nevada : USEPA . EPA‐600/9–79–004
  • Gaudy , A. and Gaudy , E. 1980 . Microbiology for Environmental Scientists and Engineers , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Williamson , K. J. and Johnson , D. G. 1981 . A bacterial bioassay for assessment of wastewater quality . Water Res. , 15 : 383
  • Chet , I. and Mitchell , R. 1976 . The ecological significance of microbial chemotaxis . Am. Rev. Microbiol , 30 : 221
  • Chet , I. and Mitchell , T. 1974 . Petroleum hydrocarbons inhibit decomposition of organic matter in seawater . Nature (London) , 261 : 308
  • Walsh , F. and Mitchell , R. 1974 . Inhibition of intermicrobial prédation by chlorinated hydrocarbons . Nature (London) , 249 : 673
  • Bowen , H. J. M. 1966 . Trace Elements in Biochemistry , N.Y. : Academic Press .
  • Iverson , W. P. and Binckman , F. E. 1978 . “ Microbial metabolism of heavy metals ” . In Water Pollution Microbiology , Edited by: Mitchell , R. Vol. 2 , New York : Wiley Interscience .
  • Stotzky , G. 1979 . “ Physicochemical factors that affect the toxicity of heavy metals to microbes in aquatic habitats ” . In Aquatic Microbial Ecology , Edited by: Colwell , R. R. and Foster , J. College Park : A Maryland Sea Grant Publication, University of Maryland .
  • Hartmann , L. and Laubenberger , G. 1968 . Toxicity measurements in activated sludge . J. San. Eng. Div. , 94 : 247
  • Dernier , O. C. , Curtis , V. S. and Leach , F. R. 1980 . Biochemical Indicators of Subsurface Pollution , Ann Arbor, Mich. : Ann Arbor Sci. .
  • Holm‐Hansen , O. and Booth , C. R. 1966 . The measurement of adenosine triphosphate in the ocean and its ecological significance . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 11 : 510
  • Watson , S. W. , Novitsky , T. J. , Quinby , H. I. and Valois , F. W. 1977 . Determination of bacterial number and biomass in the marine community . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 33 : 940
  • King , J. D. and White , D. C. 1977 . Muramic acid as a measure of microbial biomass in estuarine and marine samples . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 33 : 777
  • Moriaty , D. J. W. 1977 . Improved method using muramic acid to estimate biomass of bacteria in sediments . Oecologia (Berlin) , 26 : 317
  • Skujins , J. J. 1967 . “ Enzymes in soil ” . In Soil Biochemistry , Edited by: McLaren , A. D. and Peterson , G. H. Vol. 1 , New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Packard , T. T. 1971 . The measurement of electron transport activity in marine phytoplankton . J. Mar. Res. , 29 : 235
  • Mustakallio , K. K. , Ahos , E. O. and Autio , E. O. 1955 . Tetrazolium‐reduction test for milk . Science , 122 : 971
  • Abo Elnaga , I. G. 1967 . Application of resazurin and nitrate reduction tests for quality determination of refrigerated fresh milk . Arch. Lebensmittelhyg , 18 : 77
  • Jones , P. H. and Prasad , D. 1969 . The use of tetrazolium salts as a measure of sludge activity . J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. , 41 : R441
  • Patterson , J. W. , Brezonik , P. L. and Putnam , H. D. Sludge activity parameters and their application to toxicity measurements in activated sludge . Proc. Purdue Univ. Waste Conf. Lafayette, Indiana : Purdue University .
  • Curl , H. Jr. and Sandberg , J. 1961 . The measurement of dehydrogenase activity in marine organisms . J. Mar. Res. , 19 : 123
  • Casida , L. D. Jr. , Klein , D. A. and Santoro , T. 1964 . Soil dehydrogenase activity . Soil Sci. , 98 : 371
  • Schaeffer , R. 1963 . Dehydrogenase activity as a measure of total biological activity of soils . Ann. Inst. Pasteur , 105 : 326
  • Stevenson , I. L. 1959 . Dehydrogenase activity in soils . Can. J. Microbiol. , 5 : 229
  • Stevenson , I. L. 1962 . The effect of decomposition of various crop plants on the metabolic activity of soil microflora . Can. J. Microbiol , 8 : 501
  • Lehnard , G. 1963 . Dehydrogenase activity as criterion for determination of toxic effects on biological purification systems . Hydrobiologia , 25 : 1
  • Broecker , B. and Zahn , R. 1977 . The performance of activated sludge plants compared with results of various bacterial toxicity tests: a study with 3,5‐dichlorphenol . Water Res. , 11 : 165
  • Wellens , H. and Zahn , R. 1971 . Untersuchungen über Toxizitälsbestimmungen von Abwässern und Abwasserinhaltsstoffen nach der Dehydrogenasenaktivritat (TTC‐methode) . Chemikerzeitung , 95 : 472
  • Ryssov‐Nielsen , H. 1975 . Measurement of the inhibition of respiration in activated sludge by a modified determination of TTC‐Dehydrogenase activity . Water Res. , 9
  • Cenci , G. and Morozzi , G. 1979 . The validity of the TTC‐test for dehydrogenase activity of activated sludges in the presence of chemical inhibitors . Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. I. Abt. B , 169 : 320
  • Packard , T. T. and Healy , M. L. 1968 . Electrochemical standardization of the dehydrogenase assay used in the estimation of respiration rates . J. Mar. Res. , 26 : 66
  • Wieser , W. and Zech , M. 1976 . Dehydrogenases as tools in the study of marine sediments . Mar. Biol , 36 : 113
  • Harvey , R. W. and Young , L. Y. 1980 . Enumeration of particle‐bound and unattached respiring bacteria in the salt marsh environment . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 40 : 156
  • Maki , J. S. and Remsen , C. C. 1981 . Comparison of two direct‐count methods for determining metabolizing bacteria in freshwater . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 41 : 1132
  • Zimmermann , R. , Iturriaga , R. and Becker‐Birck , J. 1978 . Simultaneous determination of the total number of aquatic bacteria and the number thereof involved in respiration . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 36 : 926
  • Bitton , G. and Koopman , B. 1982 . Tetrazolium reduction‐malachite green method for assessing the viability of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 43 : 964
  • Liu , D. 1981 . A rapid biochemical test for measuring chemical toxicity . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicoi , 26 : 145
  • Rutherford , C. L. , Buikema , A. L. Jr. , Armant , D. R. and Cairns , J. Jr. 1979 . A simple method for screening petroleum effects by in vitro enzyme inhibition . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicoi. , 21 : 79
  • Schultz , D. P. and Harman , P. D. 1980 . Effect of fishery chemicals on the in vitro activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 25 : 203
  • Riedel , B. and Christensen , G. 1979 . Effect of selected water toxicants and other chemicals upon adenosine triphosphatase activity . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 23 : 365
  • Chu , Y. C. and Cutkomp , L. K. 1971 . The in vitro and in vivo inhibition of ATPases in american cockroaches by chlordane . J. Econ. Entomol. , 64 : 559
  • Narbonne , J. F. , Bourdichon , M. and Gallis , J. L. 1978 . Polychlorinated biphenyls: effect of diet level on ATPase activity in rats . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 20 : 184
  • Desaiah , D. and Kock , R. B. 1975 . Inhibition of ATPase activity in channel catfish brain by kepone and its reaction products . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 13 : 153
  • Koch , R. B. , Desaiah , D. , Yap , H. H. and Cutkomp , L. K. 1972 . Polychlorinated biphenyls: effects of long term exposure on ATPase activity in fish Pimephales promelas . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicoi , 7 : 87
  • Rifkin , R. J. 1965 . In vitro inhibition of Na+‐K+ and Mg2+ ATPases by mono‐, di‐ and trivalent cations . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , 120 : 802
  • Withierspoon , F. G. Jr. and Wells , M. R. 1975 . Adenosine triphosphatase activity in brain, intestinal mucosa, kidney, and liver cellular fractions of the red‐eared turtle following in vitro treatment with DDT, DDD, and DDE . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicoi. , 14 : 537
  • Tu , C. M. 1981 . Effect of some pesticides on enzyme activities in an organic soil . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 109
  • Sastry , K. V. and Agrawal , M. K. 1979 . Mercuric chloride induced enzymological changes in kidney of a teleost fish Channa punctatus . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 22 : 38
  • Lockhart , W. L. and Metner , D. A. 1979 . “ Biochemical tests for fish ” . In Toxicity Tests for Freshwater Organisms , Can. Special Rubl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci., #44 Edited by: Scherer , E.
  • Weiss , C. M. 1961 . Physiological effect of organic phosphorus insecticides on several species of fish . Trans. Am. Fish Soc , 90 : 143
  • Weiss , C. M. and Gakstatter , J. H. 1964 . Detection of pesticides in water by biochemical assay . J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. , 36 : 240
  • Holland , H. T. , Coppage , D. L. and Butler , P. A. 1967 . Use of fish brain acetylcholinesterase to monitor pollution by organophosphorus pesticides . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 2 : 156
  • Williams , A. K. and Sova , C. R. 1966 . Acetylcholinesterase levels in brains of fish from polluted waters . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 1 : 198
  • Verma , S. R. , Tyagi , A. K. , Bhatnagar , M. C. and Dalela , R. C. 1979 . Organophosphate poisoning to some fresh water teleosts. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 21 : 502
  • Olson , D. L. and Christensen , G. M. 1980 . Effect of water pollutants and other chemicals on fish acetylcholinesterase (in vitro) . Environ. Res. , 21 : 327
  • Ahokas , J. T. , Kärki , N. T. , Oikari , A. and Soivio , A. 1976 . Mixed function monooxygenase of fish as an indicator of pollution of aquatic environment by industrial effluent . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 16 : 270
  • Payne , J. F. and Penrose , W. R. 1975 . Induction of aryl hydrocarbon (Benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase in fish by petroleum . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 14 : 112
  • Payne , J. F. 1976 . Field evaluation of benzopyrene hydroxylase induction as a monitor for marine petroleum pollution . Science. , 191 : 945
  • Hastings , J. W. and Nealson , K. H. 1977 . Bacterial bioluminescence . Ann. Rev. Microbiol , 31 : 549
  • Hastings , J. W. 1978 . “ Bacterial bioluminescence: an overview ” . In Methods in Enzymology , Edited by: Deluca , M. A. Vol. 57 , New York : Academic Press .
  • Oshino , R. , Oshino , N. , Tamura , M. , Kobilinsky , L. and Chance , B. 1972 . A sensitive bacterial luminescence probe for O2 in biochemical systems . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 273 : 5
  • White , D. C. , Wardley‐Smith , B. and Adey , G. 1975 . “ Anesthetics and bioluminescence ” . In Progress in Anesthesiology , Edited by: Fink , B. R. Vol. 1 , New York : Raven Press .
  • Serat , W. F. , Budinger , F. E. Jr. and Mueller , P. 1965 . Evaluation of biological effects of air pollutants by use of luminescent bacteria . J. Bacteriol. , 90 : 832
  • Kössler , F. 1968 . Physiologische Untersuchungen zur atmung ron . Vibrio luminosus Beijerinck. Arch. Mikrobiol. , 64 : 146
  • Chang , J. C. , Taylor , P. B. and Leach , F. R. 1981 . Use of the Microtox assay system for environmental samples . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 26 : 150
  • Brungs , W. A. , McCormick , J. H. , Neihesel , T. W. , Spehar , R. L. , Stephan , C. E. and Stokes , G. N. 1977 . Effects of pollution on freshwater fishes . J. Water Poll. Conn. Fed. , 49 : 1425
  • McKim , J. M. , Anderson , R. L. , Benoit , D. A. , Spehar , R. L. and Stokes , G. N. 1976 . Effects of pollution on freshwater fish . J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. , 48 : 1544
  • Bulich , A. A. , Greene , M. W. and Isenberg , D. I. The Microtox bacterial Luminescence assay for aquatic toxicity monitoring . Proc. 6th Ann. Aquatic Toxicity Workshop . Edited by: Klaverkamp , J. F. , Leonard , S. L. and Marshall , K. E. Winnipeg, , Canada Can. Tech Rep. Fisheries and Aquatic Sci., #975
  • Dutka , B. J. and Kwan , K. K. 1981 . Essais de toxicité sur deux effluents industriels par les tests de la truite arc‐en‐ciel, du Spirillum volutans et le system Microtox . Eau du Quebec , 14 : 230
  • Dutka , B. J. and Kwan , K. K. 1981 . Comparison of three microbial toxicity screening tests with the Microtox test . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 753
  • Holm‐Hansen , O. 1973 . “ Determination of total microbial biomass by measurement of % adenosine triphosphate ” . In Estuarine Microbial Ecology , Edited by: Stevenson , L. H. and Colwell , R. R. Columbia : University of South Carolina Press .
  • McElroy , W. D. 1947 . The energy source for bioluminescence in an isolated system . Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci. , 33 : 342
  • Brezonik , P. L. , Browne , F. X. and Fox , J. L. 1975 . Application of ATP to plankton biomass and bioassay studies . Water Res. , 9 : 155
  • Cavari , B. 1976 . ATP in Lake Kinneret: indicator of microbial biomass or of phosphorus deficiency? . Limnol., Oceanogr. , 21 : 231
  • Eiland , F. 1979 . An improved method for determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in soil . Soil Biol. Biochem. , 11 : 31
  • Levin , G. V. , Schrot , J. R. and Hess , W. C. 1975 . Methodology and application of adenosine triphosphate determination in wastewater treatment . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 9 : 961
  • Chiu , S. Y. , Kao , I. C. , Erickson , L. E. and Fan , L. T. 1973 . ATP pools in activated sludge . J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. , 45 : 1746
  • Paterson , J. W. , Brezonik , P. L. and Putnam , H. D. 1970 . Measurement and significance of adenosine triphosphate in activated sludge . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 4 : 569
  • Brezonik , P. L. and Patterson , J. W. 1972 . Activated sludge ATP: effects of environmental stress . J. San. Eng. Div. , 97 : 813
  • Kennicutt , M. C. 1980 . ATP as an indicator of toxicity . Water Res. , 14 : 325
  • Williamson , K. J. and Nelson , P. O. 1981 . Influence of dissolved oxygen on activated sludge viability . J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. , 53 : 1533
  • Bringmahn , G. 1973 . Bestimmung der biologischen Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe aus der hemmung der glucose‐assimilation des bakterium . Pseudomonas ßuorescens, Gesund. Ing. , 94 : 366
  • Bringmann , G. and Kühn , R. 1975 . Die beginnende hemmung der zellvermehrung von Pseudomonas als wassertoxikologischer test . Vom Wasser , 44 : 119
  • Trevors , J. T. , Mayfield , C. I. and Inniss , W. E. 1981 . A rapid toxicity test using . Pseudomonas ßuorescens, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 26 : 433
  • Anderson , A. C. and Abdelghani , A. A. 1980 . Toxicity of selected arsenical compounds in short‐term bacterial tests . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 24 : 124
  • Alsop , G. M. , Waggy , C. T. and Conway , R. A. 1980 . Bacterial growth inhibition test . J. Water. Poll. Contr. Fed.. , 52 : 2452
  • Loy , H. W. , Schiaffino , S. S. and Savchuck , W. B. 1961 . Determination of arsenic valence by microbiological assay . Anal. Chem. , 33 : 283
  • Trevors , J. T. , Mayfield , C. I. , Inniss , W. E. and Thompson , J. E. 1981 . Effect of phenolic antioxidants on the toxicity of pentachlorophenol in short‐term bacterial bioassays . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 433
  • Liu , D. and Kwasniewska , K. 1981 . An improved agar plate method for rapid assessment of chemical inhibition to microbial populations . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 289
  • Trevors , J. T. and Basaraba , J. 1980 . Toxicity of benzoquinone and hydroquinone in short‐term bacterial bioassays . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 25 : 672
  • Williamson , K. J. and Johnson , D. G. 1981 . A bacterial bioassay for assessment of wastewater quality . Water. Res. , 15 : 383
  • Parker , C. E. 1982 . Surrogate parameter analysis for organic priority pollutants . J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. , 54 : 77
  • Montgomery , H. A. C. 1967 . The determination of biochemical oxygen demand by respirometric techniques . Water Res. , 1 : 631
  • Mowat , A. 1976 . Measurement of metal toxicity by biochemical oxygen demand . J. Water Poll. Control Fed. , 48 : 853
  • Block , J. 1974 . Respirometric measurements on activated sludge . Water Res. , 8 : 11
  • Lamb , J. C. III , Westgarth , W. C. , Rogers , J. L. and Vernimmen , A. P. 1964 . A technique for evaluating the biological treatability of industrial wastes . J. Water Poll. Control Fed. , 36 : 1265
  • Painter , H. A. and Jones , K. 1963 . The use of the wide‐bore dropping mercury electrode for the determination of rates of O2 uptake and of oxidation of ammonia by microorganisms . J. Appl. Bacteriol. , 26 : 471
  • Owen , W. F. , Stuckey , D. C. , Healy , J. B. Jr. , Young , L. Y. and McCarty , P. L. 1979 . Bioassay for monitoring methane potential and anaerobic toxicity . Water Res. , 13 : 485
  • Bowdre , J. H. and Krieg , N. R. 1974 . Water quality monitoring: Bacteria as indicators , Virginia Water Res. Center, Publ. #69 Blacksburg, Va. : VPI .
  • Dutka , B. J. and Switzer‐House , K. 1978 . Distribution of mutagens and toxicants in Lake Ontario waters as assessed by microbiological procedures . J. Great Lakes Res. , 4 : 237
  • 1979 . Fed. Reg. , 44 ( 53 ) March 16
  • McGarity , J. W. and Myers , M. G. 1967 . A survey of urease activity in soils of northern New South Wales . Plant Soil , 27 : 217
  • Environmental Protection Agency . 1975 . Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes EPA‐625/6–74–003
  • Downing , A. L. , Tomlinson , T. G. and Truesdale , G. A. 1964 . Effect of inhibitors on nitrification in the activated‐sludge process . J. Inst. Sew. Purif. , 6 : 537
  • Hockenbury , M. R. and Grady , C. P. L. Jr. 1977 . Inhibition of nitrification effects of selected organic compounds . J. Water. Poll. Control Fed. , 49 : 768
  • Lieberman , M. T. and Alexander , M. 1981 . Effect of pesticides on decomposition of organic matter and nitrification in sewage . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 26 : 554
  • Tam , T. V. and Trevors , J. T. 1981 . Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to Azotobacter vinelandii . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 231
  • Albright , L. J. and Wilson , E. M. 1974 . Sublethal effects of several metallic salt‐organic compounds combinations upon the heterotrophic microflora of a natural water . Water Res.. , 8 : 101
  • Albright , L. J. , Wentworth , J. W. and Wilson , E. M. 1972 . Technique for monitoring metallic salt effects upon the indigenous heterotrophic microflora of a natural water . Water Res. , 6 : 1589
  • Gledhill , W. E. 1979 . “ Microbiological testing under the toxic substance control act ” . In Aquatic Microbial Ecology , Edited by: Colwell , R. R. and Foster , J. College Park : A Maryland Sea Grant Publ., University of Maryland .
  • Dutka , B. J. and Kwan , K. K. Application of four bacterial screening procedures to assess changes in the toxicity of chemicals in mixtures . Environ. Poll. , Series A, in press
  • 1976 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater , Washington, D.C. : American Public Health Association .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.