Legionella and the environment

References

• Grist, N. R., Reid, D., and Najera, R., 1979. Legionnaires’ disease and the traveler, Ann. Intern. Med. 90 (1979), p. 563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terranova, W., Cohen, M. L., and Fraser, D. W., 1978. 1974 outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease diagnosed in 1977. Clinical and epidemiological features, Lancet 2 (1978), p. 122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDade, J. E., Shepard, C. C., Fraser, D. W., Tsai, T. R., Redus, M. A., Dowdle, W. R., et al., 1977. Legionnaires’ disease. Isolation of bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory diseases, N Engl. J. Med. 279 (1977), p. 1197.
   Google Scholar
• Dufour, A. P., and Jakubowski, W., 1982. Drinking water and Legionnaires’ disease, J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 47 (1982), p. 631.
   Google Scholar
• Glick, T. H., Gregg, M. B., Berman, B., Mallison, G., Rhodes, W. W., and Kassauff, I., 1978. Pontiac fever, an epidemic of unknown etiology in a health department. I. Clinical and epidemiological aspects, Am. J. Epidemiol. 107 (1978), p. 149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, H. W., Lauier, T. W., Steigerwalt, A. G., Brenner, D. J., Ampel, W. M., and Wing, E. J., 1985. Second serogroup of Legionella bacteria isolated from a patient with pneumonia, J Clin. Microbiol. 22 (1985), p. 488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thacker, W. L., Plykaylis, B. B., and Wilkinson, W. H., 1985. Identification of 22 Legionella species and 33 serogroups with slide agglutination test, J Clin. Microbiol. 21 (1985), p. 779.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fliermans, C. B., 1984. Philosophical Ecology: Legionella in Historical Perspective in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Edelstein, P. H., 1985. Environmental aspects of Legionella, ASM News 51 (1985), p. 460.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, G. K., Patton, G. M., Feeley, J. W., Scott, E. J., Gorman, G., Martin, W. J., Skaliy, G. F., Mallison, G. F., Politi, B. D., and Maekel, D. C., 1979. Isolation of Legionnaires’ disease bacterium from environmental samples, Ann. Intern. Med. 90 (1979), p. 664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliermans, A. R., Cherry, W. B., Orrison, L. H., and Thacker, L., 1979. Isolation of Legionella pneumo’ phila from nonepidemic related aquatic habitats, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37 (1979), p. 1239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tobin, J. O'H., Swann, R. A., and Bartlett, C. L. R., 1981. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from water systems: methods and preliminary results, Br. Med. J. 282 (1981), p. 515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leinbach, E. D., Winkler, H. H., Wood, D. D., and Caggin, J. W., 1983. Improved facility and sensitivity in the use of guinea pigs for the isolation of Legionella pneumophila from cooling tower water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 451 (1983), p. 1119.
   Google Scholar
• European Regional Office (EURO), 1982. Reports and Studies, Legionnaires’ Disease Report by a WHO Working Group. Copenhagen. 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Cordes, L. G., Wilkinson, H. W., Gorman, G. W., Fikes, B. J., and Fraser, D. W., 1979. Atypical Legi‐onella‐like organisms: fastidious water associated bacteria pathogenic for man, Lancet 2 (1979), p. 927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• , Sykora, J. L. and Keleti, G., personal communication..
   Google Scholar
• Wadowsky, R. M., Yee, R. B., Mezmar, L., Wing, E. J., and Dowling, J. W., 1982. Hot water systems as sources of Legionella pneumophila in hospitals and nonhospital fixtures, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 (1982), p. 1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyndall, R. L., Christensen, S. W., Solomon, J. A., Fliennans, C. B., and Gough, S. B., 1984. Thermally Altered Habitats as a Source of Known and New Legionella spp. in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Dutka, B. J., 1984. Sensitivity of Legionella pneumophilato sunlight in fresh marine water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48 (1984), p. 970.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell, J., Bibb, W. F., Lambert, M. A., Eng, S., Steigerwalt, A. G., Allard, J., Morris, C. W., and Brenner, D. J., 1984. Legionella sainthelensi: a new species of Legionella sainthelensi isolated from water near Mt. St. Helens, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47 (1984), p. 36.
   Google Scholar
• Feeley, J. C., Gorman, G. W., Weaver, R. E., Maekel, D. C., and Smith, H. V., 1978. Primary isolation media for Legionnaires’ disease bacterium, J. Clin. Microbiol. 8 (1978), p. 320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askew, A., 1982. More on Legionella and cooling systems, ASM News 48 (1982), p. 345.
   Google Scholar
• Wadowsky, R. M., 1983. The Occurrence of Legionella pneumophila in Plumbing Systems and Its Multiplication in Potable Water. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh; 1983, Dr. Sc. Hyg. thesis,.
   Google Scholar
• Tison, D. L., and Seidler, R. J., 1983. Legionella incidence and density in potable drinking water supplies, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45 (1983), p. 337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbourne, J. S., Smith, M. O., Fisher‐Hoch, S. P., and Harper, D., 1984. Source of Legionella pneumophila Infection in a Hospital Hot Water System: Materials Used in Water Fittings Capable of L. pneumophila growth in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Ciesielski, C. A., Blaser, M. S., LaForce, F. M., and Wang, W.‐L. L., 1984. Role of Stagnation and Obstruction of Water Flow in Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from Hospital Plumbing. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, J. A., Christensen, S. W., Tyndall, R. L., Fliermans, C. B., and Cough, S. B., 1984. Distribution of Legionella pneumophila in Power Plant Environments. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Colbourne, J. S., and Dennis, P. J., 1985. Distribution and persistence of Legionella in water systems, Microb. Sci. 2 (1985), p. 40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berendt, R. F., 1980. Survival of Legionella pneumophila aerosols, effect of humidity, J. Infect. Dis. 141 (1980), p. 689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berendt, R. F., 1981. Influence of blue‐green algae (Cyanobacteria) on survival of Legionella pneumophila in aerosols, Infect. Immun. 32 (1981), p. 690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skaliy, P., and McEachern, H. V., 1979. Survival of the Legionnaires’ disease bacterium in water, Ann. Intern. Med. 90 (1979), p. 662.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsu, S. C., Martin, R., and Wentworth, B. B., 1984. Isolation of Legionella species from drinking water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42 (1984), p. 830.
   Google Scholar
• Ciesielski, C. A., Blaser, M. G., and Wang, W‐L. L., 1984. Role of stagnation and obstruction of water flow in isolation of Legionella pneumophila from hospital plumbing, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48 (1984), p. 984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadowsky, R. M., Wolford, R., McNamara, A. M., and Yee, R. B., 1985. Effect of temperature, pH and oxygen on the multiplication of naturally occurring Legionella pneumophila in potable water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49 (1985), p. 1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambelton, P., Dennis, P. J., and Fitzgeorge, R., 1984. Survival of Airborne Legionella pneumophila in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Yee, R. B., and Wadowsky, R. M., 1982. Multiplication of Legionella pneumophilain unsterilized water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 (1982), p. 1330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, C. L. R., Swann, R. A., Casal, J., CanadaRoyo, G. L., and Taylor, A. G., 1984. Recurrent Legionnaires'Disease from a Hotel Water System, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• England, A. C., Fraser, D. W., Mallison, G. F., Mackel, D. C., Skaliy, P., and Gorman, G. W., 1982. Failure of Legionella pneumophila sensitivities to predict culture results from disinfectant‐treated air conditioning cooling towers, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 (1982), p. 240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, M., Stout, J., Muder, R. R., Yu, V. L., Goetz, A., and Taylor, F., 1983. Legionnellosis in the hospital water supply, Lancet 2 (1983), p. 307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shands, K. H., Ho, J. L., Meyer, R. D., Gorman, G. W., Edelstein, P. H., Mallison, C. F., Feingold, S. M., and Fraser, D. W., 1985. Potable water as a source of Legionnaires’ disease, JAMA 253 (1985), p. 1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin, J. O'H., Swann, R. A., and Bartlett, C. L. R., 1981. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila horn water systems; methods and preliminary results, Br. Med. J. 282 (1981), p. 515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, C. L. R., 1984. Potable Water as a Reservoir and Means of Transmission, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Sherwood, M., 1985. When the legion marched on Stafford, ASM News 51 (1985), p. 452.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, J. L., 1985. Michigan's spring Legionnaires’ disease outbreak, ASM News 51 (1985), p. 463.
   Google Scholar
• England, A. L., and Fraser, W. D., 1981. Sporadic and epidemic nosocomial legionellosis in the United States, Am. J. Med. 70 (1981), p. 707.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meyer, R. D., Shinzu, G. H., Fuller, R., Sayre, J., Chapman, J., and Edelstein, P. H., 1984. Prospective Survey of Acquisition of Legionnaires’ Disease in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Lode, H., Grothe, R., Shafer, H., Ruckdeschel, G., and Muller, A. G., 1984. Prospective 1‐Year Study of Legionnaires’ Disease in a German University Hospital. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Klauck, D. N., Vogt, R. L., LaRue, D., Witherell, E., Orciari, L., Spitalni, K. G., Pettetier, R., Cherri, W. B., and Novick, L. F., 1984. Epidemiology of Two Outbreaks of Legionnaires’ Disease in Burlington, Vermont, 1980. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Hanrahan, J. P., Morse, D. L., Scharf, B., Debbie, J. G., Schmid, G. P., McKinney, R. M., and Shayegani, M., 1984. Community Hospital Legionnellosis outbreak linked to hot water showers. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Jones, E., Checko, P., Dalton, A., Cope, J., Barbaree, J., Klein, C. S., Martin, W., and Broome, C., 1984. Nosocomial Legionnaires’ Disease Associated with Exposure to Respiratory Therapy Equipment, Connecticut. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Rudin, J. E., Wing, E. J., and Yee, R. B., 1984. An Ongoing Outbreak of Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Goldman, W. D., Marr, W. R., and Marr, J. S., 1980. Are airconditioning maintenance personnel at increased risk of legionellosis?, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40 (1980), p. 114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herwaldt, L. A., Gorman, G. W., Hightower, A. W., Brake, B. B., Wilkinson, H., Reingold, A. L., Boxer, P. A., McGrath, T., Brenner, D. J., Moss, C. W., and Broome, C. V., 1984. Pontiac Fever in an Automobile Engine Assembly Plant, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, D. W., Deubner, D. C., Hill, D. L., and Gilliam, D. G., 1979. Non‐pneumonic, short‐incubation period legionellosis (Pontiac fever) in men who cleaned a steam turbine condenser, Science 205 (1979), p. 690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin, J. O'H., Dunnill, M. S., French, M., Morris, P. H., Beare, J., Fisher‐Hoch, S., Mitchell, R. G., and Muers, M. F., 1980. Legionnaires’ disease in a transplant unit; isolation of the causative agent from shower baths, Lancet 2 (1980), p. 118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berendt, R. F., Young, W. H., Allen, G., and Knutsen, G. L., 1980. Dose response of guinea pigs experimentally infected with aerosols of Legionella pneumophila, J. Infect. Dis. 141 (1980), p. 186.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christensen, S. W., Tyndall, R. L., Solomon, J. A., Fliermans, C. B., and Gough, S. R., 1984. Patterns of Legionella spp. Infectivity in Power Plant Environments and Implications for Control in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Winn, C., and Chandler, F. W., 1982. Role of virulence factors in Legionella infections, Anal. Pathol. Lab. Med. 106 (1982), p. 105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, A., Vickers, R. M., Elder, E. M., Lema, M., and Garrity, G. M., 1982. Plasmid and surface antigen markers of endemic and epidemic Legionella pneumophila strains, J Clin. Microbiol. 16 (1982), p. 230.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huebner, R. E., Reeser, P. W., and Smith, D. W., 1984. Comparison of the Virulence of the Philadelphia and Pontiac Isolates of Legionella pneumopbila in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Bollin, G. J., Plouffe, J. E., Para, M. F., and Prior, R. B., 1985. Difference in virulence of environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila, J. Clin. Microbiol. 21 (1985), p. 674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plouffe, J. E., Para, M. F., and Fuller, K. A., 1985. Serum bactericidal activity against Legionella pneumophila, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32 (1985), p. 863.
   Google Scholar
• Plouffe, J. E., Para, M., Hackman, B., Webster, L., and Maher, W., 1984. Nosocomial Legionnaires’ Disease: Differences in Attack Rates Associated with Two Strains of Legionella pneumophila Sero‐group 1, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Brown, A., Lema, M., Ciesielski, C. A., and Blaser, M. J., 1985. Combined plasmid and peptide analysis of clinical and environmental Legionella pneumophila strains associated with a cluster of legionnaires disease cases, Infection 13 (1985), p. 163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berendt, R. F., Young, H. W., Allen, R. G., and Knutsen, G. L., 1980. Dose response of guinea pigs experimentally infected with aerosols of Legionella pneumophila, J. Infect. Dis. 141 (1980), p. 185.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, E., 1980. Hospitals harbor a built‐in disease, Science 210 (1980), p. 745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shands, K. M., Ho, J. L., Meyer, R. D., Gorman, G. W., Edelstein, P. H., Mallison, G. F., Fein‐gold, S. M., and Fraser, D. W., 1985. Potable water as a source of Legionnaires’ disease, JAMA 253 (1985), p. 1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnow, P. M., and Weil, D., 1984. Legionella pneumophila of Residential Tap Water, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, D. W., 1984. Sources of Legionellosis. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Bercovier, H., Derai‐Cochin, M., Sherman, J., Fattal, B., and Shuval, H., 1984. Seroepidemiological Survey of Irrigation Workers in Israel and Isolation of Legionella spp. in the Environment. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Desplace, N., Bure, A., and Drewman, E., 1984. Legionella spp. in Environmental Samples in Paris. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, H., and Tsuzuki, M., 1984. Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to Cooling Tower Micro‐biocides and Hospital Disinfectants. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Mauff, A. C., and Koornhof, H. J., 1984. Legionellosis in Southern Africa. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Greco, D., Rosmini, F., and Pastoris, M. D., 1984. Legionellosis in Italy. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Saito, A., Ito, N., Fujita, K., Suzuyama, Y., Yamaguchi, K., and Hara, K., 1984. Distribution of Legionella Species in Japan and Cases of Legionnaires’ Disease. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Fliermans, C. B., Cherry, W. B., Orrison, L. H., and Thacker, L., 1984. Isolation of Legionella pneumo‐philaiiom nonepidemic‐related aquatic habitats, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37 (1984), p. 1239.
   Google Scholar
• Orrison, L. H., Cherry, W. B., and Milan, D., 1981. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from cooling towers by filtration, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41 (1981), p. 1202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoekstra, A. Y., van der Kooij, D., Visser, A., and Hijnen, W. A. M., 1984. Bacteriological, Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Samples from Two Hot Water Systems Containing Legionella pneumophila Compared with Drinking Water from Municipal Water Works, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Voss, L., Button, K. S., Rheins, M. S., and Tuovinen, O. H., 1984. Sampling Methodology for Enumeration of Legionella spp. in Water Distribution Systems. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Fisher‐Hoch, S. P., Smith, M. G., Harper, D., and Colbourne, J., 1984. Source of Legionella pneumophila in a Hot Water System. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Colbourne, J. S., Smith, M. G., Fisher‐Hoch, S. P., and Harper, D., 1984. Source of Legionella pneumophila Infection in a Hospital Hot Water System: Materials Used in Water Fittings Capable of Supporting L. pneumophila Growth. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Politi, B. D., Fraser, D. W., Mallison, G. F., Mohate, J. V., Morris, J. K., Patton, C. M., Feeley, J. U., Teele, R. D., and Bennett, J. E., 1979. A major focus of Legionnaires’ disease in Bloomington, Indiana, Ann. Intern. Med. 90 (1979), p. 587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dondero, T. J., Clegg, H. W., Isai, J. F., Weeks, R. M., Duran, E., Strickler, J., Chapman, C., Malliou, J. F., Politi, B., Potter, M. E., and Shafer, W., 1979. Legionnaires’ disease in Kingsport, Tennessee, Ann. Intern. Med. 90 (1979), p. 569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliermans, C. B., and Harvey, R. S., 1984. Effectiveness of L. bromo‐3‐chloro 5,5‐dimethylhydantoin against Legionella pneumophila in a cooling tower, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47 (1984), p. 1307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tyndall, R. L., 1981. Concentration, serotypic profiles and irifectivity of Legionnaires’ disease bacteria population in cooling towers, J. Cooling Tower Inst. 3 (1981), p. 25.
   Google Scholar
• Witherell, L. E., Novick, L. F., Stone, K. M., Duncan, R. W., Orciari, L. A., Jillson, D. A., Myers, R. B., and Vogt, R. L., 1984. Legionella pneumophila in Vermont Cooling Towers in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Grant, K. M., Wood, D. O., Coggin, J. H., and Leimbach, E. D., 1984. Environmental Factors Influencing Growth of Legionella pneumophila in Operating Biocide‐Treated Cooling Towers. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Anon., , 1983. Waterborne Legionella, Lancet 2 (1983), p. 381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner, W. E., Wash, P., Harada, G. F., and Lampierto, L. M., 1984. Detection of Legionella pneumophila and L. micadadei in Water Collected from a Rainfall in Southeastern Pennsylvania in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Cordes, L. G., Wiesenthal, A. W., Gonnan, G. W., Phair, J. P., Sommers, H. M., Brown, A., Yu, V. L., Magnussen, M. H., Meyer, R. D., Wolf, J. S., Shands, K. N., and Fraser, D. W., 1981. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from showerheads, Ann. Intern. Afed. 94 (1981), p. 195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spino, D. F., Rice, E. W., and Geldreich, E. E., 1984. Occurrence of Legionella species and Other Aquatic Bacteria in Chemically Contaminated Groundwater Treated by Aeration in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Tison, D. L., Pope, D. H., Cherry, W. B., and Fliermans, C. B., 1980. Growth of Legionella pneumophila in association with blue‐green algae (Cyanobacteria), Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39 (1980), p. 456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, D. H., Saraco, R. J., Gill, H., and Fliermans, C. B., 1982. Growth of Legionella pneumophila in two roembered cultures with green algae and Cyanobacteria, Curr. Microbiol. 7 (1982), p. 319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohach, G. A., and Snyder, I. S., 1983. Characterization of surfaces involved in adherences of Legionella pneumophila to Fischerella species, Infect. Immun. 42 (1983), p. 318.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bohach, G. A., and Snyder, I. S., 1983. Cyanobacterial stimulation and growth and oxygen uptake by Legionella pneumophila, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46 (1983), p. 528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berendt, R. F., 1981. Influence of blue‐green algae (Cyanobacteria) on survival of Legionella pneumophila in aerosols, Infect. Immun. 32 (1981), p. 690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hume, D. R., and Hann, W. D., 1984. Growth Relationship of Legionella pneumophila with Green Algae (Chlorophyta), in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Wadowsky, R. M., and Yee, R. B., 1983. Satellite growth of Legionella pneumophilawith an environmental isolate of Flavobacterium breve, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46 (1983), p. 1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadowsky, R. M., and Yee, R. B., 1985. Effect of non‐legionellaceae bacteria on the multiplication of Legionellain potable water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49 (1985), p. 1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowbotham, T. J., 1980. Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophilafor fresh and soil Amoebae, J. Clin. Pathol. 33 (1980), p. 1179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon., , 1981. Legionella and Amoebae, Lancet 1 (1981), p. 703.
   Google Scholar
• Rowbotham, T. J., 1980. Pontiac fever explained?, Lancet 1 (1980), p. 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Tyndall, R. L., and Domingue, E. L., 1982. Cocultivation of Legionella pneumophila and free‐living Amoebae, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44 (1982), p. 954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowbotham, T. J., 1984. Legionella and Amoebae, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Fields, B. S., Shotts, E. B., Feeley, J. C., Gonnan, G. W., and Martin, W. T., Proliferation of Legionella pneumophila as an Intracellular Parasite of the Ciliated Protozoan Tetrahymena pyrifor‐mis. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp.. Washington, D.C., 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Holden, E. P., Wood, D. O., Winkler, H. H., and Leinbach, E. D., IntraceUular Growth of Legionella pneumophila within Fresh Water Amoebae. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp.. Washington, D.C., 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Anand, C., Skinner, A., Mabice, A., and Kurtz, J., Intracellular Replication of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba palestinensis. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp.. Washington, D.C., 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Mero, E., Bactericidal Effect of Commonly Used Disinfectants on Legionella pneumophila. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp.. Washington, D.C., 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Baird, I. M., Potts, W., Smiley, J., Click, N., Schleich, S., Connole, C., and Davison, K., Control of Endemic Nosocomial Legionellosis by Hyperchlorination of Potable Water. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp.. Washington, D.C., 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Fliermans, C. B., Bettinger, G. E., and Fynsk, A. W., 1982. Treatment of cooling systems containing high levels of Legionella pneumophila, Water Res. 16 (1982), p. 903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skaliy, D., Thompson, T. A., Gorman, G. W., Morris, G. K., McEachern, H. V., and Mackel, D. C., 1980. Laboratory studies of disinfectants against Legionella pneumophila, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40 (1980), p. 697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuchta, J. M., States, S. J., McNamara, A. M., Wadowsky, R. M., and Yee, R. B., 1983. Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to chlorine in water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46 (1983), p. 1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliennans, C. R., Cherry, W. B., Orrison, L. H., and Thacker, L., 1979. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from nonepidemic‐related aquatic habitats, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37 (1979), p. 1239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Witherell, L. E., Orciari, L. A., Duncan, R. W., Stone, K. N., and Lawson, J. M., 1984. Disinfection of Hospital Hot Water Systems Containing Legionella pneumophila, in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Witherell, L. E., Orciari, L. A., Spitalni, K. C., Pellitier, R. A., Stone, K. M., and Vogt, R. L., 1984. Disinfection of Legionella pneumophila‐Contaminated Whirlpool Spas. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Kurtz, J. B., Bartlett, C., Tillett, H., and Newton, H., 1984. Field Trial of Biocides in Control of Legionella pneumophila in Cooling Water Systems. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Grace, R. D., Dewar, N. E., Barnes, W. G., and Hodges, R., 1981. Susceptibilities of Legionella pneu‐mophilato three cooling tower microbiocides, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41 (1981), p. 233.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soracco, R. J., Gill, H. K., Fliermans, C. B., and Pope, D. H., 1984. Susceptibilities of algae and Legionella pneumophila to cooling tower biocides, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45 (1984), p. 1254.
   Google Scholar
• Plouffe, J. F., Webster, L. R., and Hackman, B., 1983. Relationship between colonization of hospital buildings with Legionella pneumophila and hot water temperature, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46 (1983), p. 769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelstein, P. H., Whittaker, R. E., Kreileng, R. L., and Howell, C. L., 1982. Efficacy of ozone in eradication of Legionella pneumophila from hospital plumbing fixtures, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44 (1982), p. 1330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilpin, R. W., 1984. Laboratory and Field Applications of UV Light Disinfection of Six Species of Legionella and Other Bacteria in Water in Legionella. Presented at Proc. 2nd Int. Symp..
   Google Scholar
• Antopol, S. C., and Ellner, P. D., 1979. Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ultra‐violet irradiation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38 (1979), p. 347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar