Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China: A comparison to the worldwide

References

• Ahad, J. M. E., Jautzy, J.J., Cumming, B. F., Das, B., Laird, K. R., and Sanei, H. (2015). Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to northwestern Saskatchewan lakes east of the Athabasca oil sands. Organic Geochemistry 80, 35–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arp, H. P. H., Villers, F., Lepland, A., Kalaitzidis, S., Christanis, K., Oen, A. M. P., Breedveld, G. D., and Cornelissen, G. (2011). Influence of historical industrial epochs on pore water and partitioning profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in Oslo harbor, Norway, sediment cores. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, 843–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azoury, S., Tronczynski, J., Chiffoleau, J. F., Cossa, D., Nakhle, K., Schmidt, S., and Khalaf, G. (2013). Historical records of mercury, lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons depositions in a dated sediment core from the eastern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Technology 47, 7101–7109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baek, S. O., Field, R. A., Goldstone, M. E., Kirk, P. W., Lester, J. N., and Perry, R. (1991). A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources, fate and behavior. Water Air and Soil Pollution 60, 279–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhtiari, A. R., Zakaria, M. P., Yaziz, M. I., Lajis, M. N. H., Bi, X., and Rahim, M. C. A. (2009). Vertical distribution and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anoxic sediment cores of Chini Lake, Malaysia: Perylene as indicator of land plant-derived hydrocarbons. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1777–1787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballentine, D. C., Macko, S. A., Turekian, V. C., Gilhooly, W. P., and Martincigh, B. (1996). Compound specific isotope analysis of fatty acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols: implications for biomass burning. Organic Geochemistry 25, 97–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandowe, B. A. M., Srinivasan, P., Seelge, M., Sirocko, F., and Wilcke, W. (2014). A 2600-year record of past polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) deposition at Holzmaar (Eifel, Germany). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 401, 111–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat, A. O., Mostafa, A., Wade, T. L., Sweet, S. T., and El Sayed, N. B. (2011). Spatial distribution and temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Lake Maryut, Alexandria, Egypt. Water Air and Soil Pollution 218, 63–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bay, S. M., Zeng, E. Y., Lorenson, T. D., Tran, K., and Alexander, C. (2003). Temporal and spatial distributions of contaminants in sediments of Santa Monica Bay, California. Marine Environmental Research 56, 255–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benner, B. A., Wise, S. A., Currie, L. A., Klouda, G. A., Klinedinst, D. B., Zweidinger, R. B., Stevens, R. K., and Lewis, C. W. (1995). Distinguishing the contributions of residential wood combustion and mobile source emissions using relative concentrations of dimethylphenanthrene isomers. Environmental Science and Technology 29, 2382–2389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigus, P., Tobiszewski, M., and Namieśnik, J. (2014). Historical records of organic pollutants in sediment cores. Marine Pollution Bulletin 78, 26–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binelli, A., Sarkar, S. K., Chatterjee, M., Riva, C., Parolini, M., Bd, B., Bhattacharya, A. K., and Satpathy, K. K. (2008). A comparison of sediment quality guidelines for toxicity assessment in the Sunderban wetlands (Bay of Bengal, India). Chemosphere 73, 1129–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boffetta, P., Jourenkova, N., and Gustavsson, P. (1997). Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Causes and Control 8, 444–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdal, C., Bucheli, T. D., Agarwal, T., Anselmetti, F. S., Blum, F., Hungerbuehler, K., Kohler, M., Schmid, P., Scheringer, M., and Sobek, A. (2011). Contrasting temporal trends and relationships of total organic carbon, black carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural low-altitude and remote high-altitude lakes. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13, 1316–1326.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boonyatumanond, R., Wattayakorn, G., Amano, A., Inouchi, Y., and Takada, H. (2007). Reconstruction of pollution history of organic contaminants in the upper Gulf of Thailand by using sediment cores: First report from Tropical Asia Core (TACO) project. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, 554–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostrom, C. E., Gerde, P., Hanberg, A., Jernstrom, B., Johansson, C., Kyrklund, T., Rannug, A., Tornqvist, M., Victorin, K., and Westerholm, R. (2002). Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. Environmental Health Perspectives 110, 451–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brändli, R. C., Bucheli, T. D., Kupper, T., Mayer, J., Stadelmann, F. X., and Tarradellas, J. (2007). Fate of PCBs, PAHs and their source characteristic ratios during composting and digestion of source-separated organic waste in full-scale plants. Environmental Pollution 148, 520–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budzinski, H., Jones, I., Bellocq, J., Piérard, C., and Garrigues, P. (1997). Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary. Marine Chemistry 58, 85–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bzdusek, P. A., Christensen, E. R., Li, A., and Zou, Q. (2004). Source apportionment of sediment PAHs in Lake Calumet, Chicago: Application of factor analysis with nonnegative constraints. Environmental Science and Technology 38, 97–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, Y., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Li, Y., and Ya, M. (2016). Over 100-year sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. Environmental Pollution 219, 774–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callén, M. S., de la Cruz, M. T., López, J. M., and Mastral, A. M. (2011). PAH in airborne particulate matter: Carcinogenic character of PM10 samples and assessment of the energy generation impact. Fuel Processing Technology 92, 176–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell, M. G., King, J. W., Burgess, R. M., and Appleby, P. G. (2007). Reconstruction of contaminant trends in a salt wedge estuary with sediment cores dated using a multiple proxy approach. Marine Environmental Research 64, 225–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalcante, R. M., Sousa, F. W., Nascimento, R. F., Silveira, E. R., and Freire, G. S. S. (2009). The impact of urbanization on tropical mangroves (Fortaleza, Brazil): Evidence from PAH distribution in sediments. Journal of Environmental Management 91, 328–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary, P., and Routh, J. (2010). Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Kumaun Himalayan Lakes, northwest India. Organic Geochemistry 41, 891–894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, E. R., and Arora, S. (2007). Source apportionment of PAHs in sediments using factor analysis by time records: Application to Lake Michigan, USA. Water Research 41, 168–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, E. R., and Bzdusek, P. A. (2005). PAHs in sediments of the Black River and the Ashtabula River, Ohio: source apportionment by factor analysis. Water Research 39, 511–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, E. R., Li, A., Ab Razak, I. A., Rachdawong, P., and Karls, J. F. (1997). Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Kinnickinnic River, Wisconsin. Journal of Great Lakes Research 23, 61–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, E. R., and Zhang, X. C. (1993). Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to lake Michigan determined from sedimentary records. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 139–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo, J. C., Cappelletti, N., Lasci, J., Migoya, M. C., Speranza, E., and Skorupka, C. N. (2006). Sources, vertical fluxes, and equivalent toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of the Rio de la Plata Estuary, Argentina. Environmental Science and Technology 40, 734–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, J. A., and Watson, J. G. (1980). Receptor oriented methods of air particulate source apportionment. Journal of Air Pollution Control Association 30, 1116–1125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A. B., de Souza, J. R., Zucchi, M. D., de Azevedo, A. E., and de Argollo, R. M. (2016). Characterization of organic matter in a sediment core near the Mataripe refinery, Bahia-Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin 105, 411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daisey, J. M., Leyko, M. A., and Kneip, T. J. (1979). Source identification and allocation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in the New York City aerosol: methods and application. In P. W. Jones and P. Leber (Eds.), Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (p. 201). Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Das, S. K., Routh, J., and Roychoudhury, A. N. (2008). Sources and historic changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon input in a shallow lake, Zeekoevlei, South Africa. Organic Geochemistry 39, 1109–1112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Laender, F., Hammer, J., Hendriks, A. J., Soetaert, K., and Janssen, C. R. (2011). Combining monitoring data and modeling identifies PAHs as emerging contaminants in the Arctic. Environmental Science and Technology 45, 9024–9029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Leonardo, R., Vizzini, S., Bellanca, A., and Mazzola, A. (2009). Sedimentary record of anthropogenic contaminants (trace metals and PAHs) and organic matter in a Mediterranean coastal area (Gulf of Palermo, Italy). Journal of Marine Systems 78, 136–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, S., Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, L., Ruan, J., and Wu, W. (2014). Spatial and temporal variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from yellow river-dominated margin. The Scientific World Journal 2014, 654183 ( 654181–654189).
   Google Scholar
• Dominguez, C., Sarkar, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., Chatterjee, M., Bhattacharya, B. D., Jover, E., Albaiges, J., Bayona, J. M., Alam, M. A., and Satpathy, K. K. (2010). Quantification and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in core sediments from Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 59, 49–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donahue, W. F., Allen, E. W., and Schindler, D. W. (2006). Impacts of coal-fired power plants on trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lake sediments in central Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 35, 111–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisler, R. (1987). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: A synoptic review. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report.
   Google Scholar
• Elmquist, M., Zencak, Z., and Gustafsson, O. (2007). A 700 year sediment record of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near the EMEP air monitoring station in Aspvreten, Sweden. Environmental Science and Technology 41, 6926–6932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EPA, U.S. (1998). Emissions inventory of section. Polycyclic organic matter (POM), TCDD, TCDF, PCBs, Hexachlorobenzene, Mercury, and Alkylated Lead: Final report. Research Triangle Park, NC.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, U.S. (2007). EPA Unmix 6.0 Fundamentals and User Guide. National Exposure Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, M., Davies, M., Janzen, K., Muir, D., Hazewinkel, R., Kirk, J., and de Boer, D. (2016). PAH distributions in sediments in the oil sands monitoring area and western Lake Athabasca: Concentration, composition and diagnostic ratios. Environmental Pollution 213, 671–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, C.-W., Yang, T.-N., and Kao, S.-J. (2010). Characteristics of sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the subtropical Feitsui Reservoir, Taiwan. Journal of Hydrology 391, 217–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feo, M. L., Sprovieri, M., Gherardi, S., Sammartino, S., and Marsella, E. (2011). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in the harbour of Naples (Southern Italy): time and spatial distribution patterns. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 174, 445–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, P., Vilanova, R. M., and Grimalt, J. O. (1999). Sediment fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in European high altitude mountain lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 33, 3716–3722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández, P., Vilanova, R. M., Martínez, C., Appleby, P., and Grimalt, J. O. (2000). The historical record of atmospheric pyrolytic pollution over Europe registered in the sedimentary PAH from remote mountain lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 34, 1906–1913.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, K. L., Stern, G. A., Carrie, J., Bailey, J. N. L., Outridge, P. M., Sanei, H., and Macdonald, R. W. (2015). Spatial, temporal, and source variations of hydrocarbons in marine sediments from Baffin Bay, Eastern Canadian Arctic. Science of the Total Environment 506–507, 430–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francu, E., Schwarzbauer, J., Lana, R., Nyvlt, D., and Nehyba, S. (2010). Historical changes in levels of organic pollutants in sediment cores from Brno Reservoir, Czech Republic. Water Air and Soil Pollution 209, 81–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedlander, S. K. (1973). Small particles in air pose a big control problem. Environmental Science and Technology 7(3), 1115–1118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frignani, M., Bellucci, L. G., Favotto, M., and Albertazzi, S. (2003) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Venice Lagoon. Hydrobiologia 494, 283–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukushima, T., Watanabe, S., Kamiya, K., and Ozaki, N. (2012). Vertical distributions of PAHs in the sediments of four lakes in Japan. Journal of Soils and Sediments 12, 1530–1540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galarneau, E. (2008). Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne PAHs: Implications for source apportionment. Atmospheric Environment 42, 8139–8149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallon, C., Tessier, A., Gobeil, C., and Beaudin, L. (2005). Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69, 3199–3210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, B., Guo, H., Wang, X. M., Zhao, X. Y., Ling, Z. H., Zhang, Z., and Liu, T. Y. (2012). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Guangzhou, southern China: Spatiotemporal patterns and emission sources. Journal of Hazardous Materials 239–240, 78–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevao, B., Boyle, E. A., Carrasco, G. G., Ghadban, A. N., Zafar, J., and Bahloul, M. (2016). Spatial and temporal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Northern Arabian Gulf sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 112, 218–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, S., Piazza, R., El Moumni, B., Polo, F. P., Vecchiato, M., Romano, S., Zambon, S., Frignani, M., and Bellucci, L. G. (2015). Recognizing different impacts of human and natural sources on the spatial distribution and temporal trends of PAHs and PCBs (including PCB-11) in sediments of the Nador Lagoon (Morocco). Science of the Total Environment 526, 346–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, S., Sprovieri, M., Frignani, M., Cu, N. H., Mugnai, C., Bellucci, L. G., Albertazzi, S., Romano, S., Feo, M. L., Marsella, E., and Nhon, D. H. (2008). Presence and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of nine coastal lagoons in central Vietnam. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56, 1504–1512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, G. E. (1988). Receptor models. Environmental Science and Technology 22, 1132–1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami, P., Ohura, T., Guruge, K. S., Yoshioka, M., Yamanaka, N., Akiba, M., and Munuswamy, N. (2016). Spatio-temporal distribution, source, and genotoxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine and riverine sediments from southern India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 130, 113–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Götz, R., Bauer, O.-H., Friesel, P., Herrmann, T., Jantzen, E., Kutzke, M., Lauer, R., Paepke, O., Roch, K., Rohweder, U., Schwartz, R., Sievers, S., and Stachel, B. (2007). Vertical profile of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, other PCBs, PAHs, chlorobenzenes, DDX, HCHs, organotin compounds and chlorinated ethers in dated sediment/soil cores from flood-plains of the river Elbe, Germany. Chemosphere 67, 592–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimalt, J. O., van Drooge, B. L., Ribes, A., Fernández, P., and Appleby, P. (2004). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition in soils and sediments of high altitude lakes. Environmental Pollution 131, 13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gschwend, P. M., and Hites, R. A. (1981). Fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to marine and lacustrine sediments in the northeastern United States. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 45, 2359–2367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, S.-H., Kralovec, A. C., Christensen, E. R., and Van Camp, R. P. (2003). Source apportionment of PAHs in dated sediments from the Black River, Ohio. Water Research 37, 2149–2161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan, Y.-F., Sun, J.-L., Ni, H.-G., and Guo, J.-Y. (2012). Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a sediment core from a maar lake, Northeast China: evidence in historical atmospheric deposition. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14, 2475–2481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo, J.-Y., Wu, F.-C., Liao, H.-Q., Zhao, X.-L., Li, W., Wang, J., Wang, L.-F., and Giesy, J. P. (2013a). Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DDTs in Dianchi Lake, an urban lake in Southwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20, 5471–5480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, J.-Y., Wu, F.-C., Zhang, L., Liao, H.-Q., Zhang, R.-Y., Li, W., Zhao, X.-L., Chen, S.-J., and Mai, B.-X. (2011a). Screening Level of PAHs in Sediment Core from Lake Hongfeng, Southwest China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 60, 590–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, J., Chen, J., Wang, J., and Wu, F. (2017). Bound PAHs in sediment and related environmental significance. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(4), 530–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, J., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Tang, Z., Zhao, X., and Wu, F. (2011b). Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai, Southwest China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 23, 1308–1315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, J., Wu, F., Luo, X., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Zhang, R., Li, W., Zhao, X., Chen, S., and Mai, B. (2010). Anthropogenic input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into five lakes in Western China. Environmental Pollution 158, 2175–2180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, W., He, M. C., Yang, Z. F., Zhang, H. Y., Lin, C. Y., and Tian, Z. J. (2013b). The distribution, sources and toxicity risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes in riverine and estuarine core sediments from the Daliao River watershed. Environmental Earth Sciences 68, 2015–2024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, W., Pei, Y., Yang, Z., and Chen, H. (2011c). Historical changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) input in Lake Baiyangdian related to regional socio-economic development. Journal of Hazardous Materials 187, 441–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, W., Zhang, H., Xu, Q., Tang, Z., Feng, Y., and Xu, X. (2013c). Distribution, sources, and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the core sediments from Baiyangdian Lake, China. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 33, 108–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Z., Lin, T., Zhang, G., Yang, Z., and Fang, M. (2006). High-resolution depositional records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the central continental shelf mud of the East China Sea. Environmental Science and Technology 40, 5304–5311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Z., Lin, T., Zhang, G., Zheng, M., Zhang, Z., Hao, Y., and Fang, M. (2007). The sedimentary fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River Estuary coastal sea for the past century. Science of the Total Environment 386, 33–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, O., Haghseta, F., Chan, C., MacFarlane, J., and Gschwend, P. M. (1997). Quantification of the dilute sedimentary soot phase: Implications for PAH speciation and bioavailability. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 203–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, Y. M., Wei, C., Bandowe, B. A. M., Wilcke, W., Cao, J. J., Xu, B. Q., Gao, S. P., Tie, X. X., Li, G. H., Jin, Z. D., and An, Z. S. (2015). Elemental carbon and polycyclic aromatic compounds in a 150-Year sediment core from Lake Qinghai, Tibetan Plateau, China: Influence of regional and local sources and transport pathways. Environmental Science and Technology 49, 4176–4183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, P. C., Quinn, J. G., Cairns, R. W., and King, J. W. (2005). Depositional history of organic contaminants in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, 388–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, L., Song, J., and Peng, P.a. (2008). Characterization of extractable and non-extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments from the Pearl River Delta, China. Environmental Pollution 156, 769–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helm, P. A., Milne, J., Hiriart-Baer, V., Crozier, P., Kolic, T., Lega, R., Chen, T., MacPherson, K., Gewurtz, S., Winter, J., Myers, A., Marvin, C. H., and Reiner, E. J. (2011). Lake-wide distribution and depositional history of current- and past-use persistent organic pollutants in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Great Lakes Research 37(Supplement 3), 132–141.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, R. C., Lewis, C. W., Hopke, P. K., and Williamson, H. J. (1984). Review of receptor model fundamentals. Atmospheric Environment 18, 1507–1515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hites, R. A., Laflamme, R. E., and Farrington, J. W. (1977). Sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: The historical record. Science 198, 829–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hites, R. A., Laflamme, R. E., Windsor, J.G. Jr., Farrington, J. W., and Deuser, W. G. (1980). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an anoxic sediment core from the Pettaquamscutt River (Rhode Island, U.S.A.). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 44, 873–878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopke, P. K. (1991). An introduction to receptor modelling. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 10, 21–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopke, P. K. (2003). Recent developments in receptor modeling. Journal of Chemometrics 17, 255–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., Guo, Z., Shi, X., Qin, Y., Lei, K., and Zhang, G. (2011). Temporal trends of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the Bohai Sea, China: Evidence from the sedimentary record. Organic Geochemistry 42, 1181–1193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imamoglu, I. (2001). PCB sources, and degradation in river sediments determined by receptor modeling. Milwaukee, WI: Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
   Google Scholar
• Ishitake, M., Moriwaki, H., Katahira, K., Yamamoto, O., Tsuruho, K., Yamazaki, H., and Yoshikawa, S. (2007). Vertical profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a sediment core from a reservoir in Osaka City. Environmental Geology 52, 123–129.
   Google Scholar
• Itoh, N., Naya, T., Kanai, Y., Kumon, F., and Amano, K. (2017). Historical changes in the aquatic environment and input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over 1000 years in Lake Kitaura, Japan. Limnology 18, 51–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh, N., Tamamura, S., and Kumagai, M. (2010). Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a sediment core from the north basin of Lake Biwa, Japan. Organic Geochemistry 41, 845–852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jautzy, J., Ahad, J. M. E., Gobeil, C., and Savard, M. M. (2013). Century-long source apportionment of PAHs in Athabasca Oil sands region Lakes using diagnostic ratios and compound-specific carbon isotope signatures. Environmental Science and Technology 47, 6155–6163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser, D., Schulz-Bull, D. E., and Waniek, J. J. (2016). Profiles and inventories of organic pollutants in sediments from the central Beibu Gulf and its coastal mangroves. Chemosphere 153, 39–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanke, H., Uchida, M., Okuda, T., Yoneda, M., Takada, H., Shibata, Y., and Morita, M. (2004). Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from an urban reservoir. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 223–224, 545–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannan, K., Johnson-Restrepo, B., Yohn, S. S., Giesy, J. P., and Long, D. T. (2005). Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Michigan inland lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 39, 4700–4706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannan, K., Villeneuve, D. L., Yamashita, N., Hashimoto, S., Miyazaki, A., and Giesy, J. P. (2000). Vertical profiles of dioxin-like and estrogenic activities associated with a sediment core from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Environmental Science and Technology 34, 3568–3573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsoyiannis, A., Terzi, E., and Cai, Q.-Y. (2007). On the use of PAH molecular diagnostic ratios in sewage sludge for the understanding of the PAH sources. Is this use appropriate? Chemosphere 69, 1337–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ke, L., Yu, K. S. H., Wong, Y. S., and Tam, N. F. Y. (2005). Spatial and vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments. Science of the Total Environment 340, 177–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K.-H., Jahan, S. A., Kabir, E., and Brown, R. J. C. (2013). A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects. Environment International 60, 71–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korosi, J. B., Cooke, C. A., Eickmeyer, D. C., Kimpe, L. E., and Blais, J. M. (2016). In-situ bitumen extraction associated with increased petrogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in lake sediments from the Cold Lake heavy oil fields (Alberta, Canada). Environmental Pollution 218, 915–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korosi, J. B., Irvine, G., Skierszkan, E. K., Doyle, J. R., Kimpe, L. E., Janvier, J., and Blais, J. M. (2013). Localized enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil, spruce needles, and lake sediments linked to in-situ bitumen extraction near Cold Lake, Alberta. Environmental Pollution 182, 307–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, L.-J., Lee, C.-L., Louchouarn, P., Huh, C.-A., Liu, J. T., Chen, J.-C., and Lee, K.-J. (2014). A centennial record of anthropogenic impacts and extreme weather events in southwestern Taiwan: Evidence from sedimentary molecular markers in coastal margin. Marine Pollution Bulletin 86, 244–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, L.-J., Louchouarn, P., Herbert, B. E., Brandenberger, J. M., Wade, T. L., and Crecelius, E. (2011). Combustion-derived substances in deep basins of Puget Sound: Historical inputs from fossil fuel and biomass combustion. Environmental Pollution 159, 983–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leorri, E., Mitra, S., Jesus Irabien, M., Zimmerman, A. R., Blake, W. H., and Cearreta, A. (2014). A 700 year record of combustion-derived pollution in northern Spain: Tools to identify the Holocene/Anthropocene transition in coastal environments. Science of the Total Environment 470, 240–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, R. K., and Baker, J. E. (2003). Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: A comparison of three methods. Environmental Science and Technology 37(9), 1873–1881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, A., Ab Razak, I. A., Ni, F., Gin, M. F., and Christensen, E. R. (1998). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary, Wisconsin, USA. Water Air and Soil Pollution 101, 417–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, A., Jang, J. K., and Scheff, P. A. (2003). Application of EPA CMB 8.2 model for source apportionment of sediment PAHs in Lake Calumet, Chicago. Environmental Science and Technology 37, 2958–2965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C., Huo, S., Yu, Z., Guo, W., Xi, B., He, Z., Zeng, X., and Wu, F. (2016). Historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in a shallow eutrophic lake: Impacts of sources and sedimentological conditions. Journal of Environmental Sciences 41, 261–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C. H., Zhou, H. W., Wong, Y. S., and Tam, N. F. (2009a). Vertical distribution and anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments in Hong Kong, South China. Science of the Total Environment 407, 5772–5779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.-L., Gao, H., Zhu, C., Li, G.-G., Yang, F., Gong, Z.-Y., and Lian, J. (2009b). Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Nansi Lake, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 154, 469–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, K., Christensen, E. R., Van Camp, R. P., and Imamoglu, I. (2001). PAHs in dated sediments of Ashtabula River, Ohio, USA. Environmental Science and Technology 35, 2896–2902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P., Xue, R., Wang, Y., Zhang, R., and Zhang, G. (2015). Influence of anthropogenic activities on PAHs in sediments in a significant gulf of low-latitude developing regions, the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: Distribution, sources, inventory and probability risk. Marine Pollution Bulletin 90, 218–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q.-H., Guo, J.-Y., Zhu, Y.-R., Zhang, R.-Q., and Li, X.-L. (2013a). High-resolution sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Hongfeng Lake of Southwest China. Chinese Journal of Ecology 32, 2424–2432 ( in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Li, Q., Guo, J., Zhu, Y., and Zhang, R. (2013b). Sedimentary record, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi Lake, Southwest China. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 33, 2565–2572 ( in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Lima, A. L. C., Eglinton, T. I., and Reddy, C. M. (2003). High-resolution record of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition during the 20th century. Environmental Science and Technology 37, 53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, T., Qin, Y., Zheng, B., Li, Y., Chen, Y., and Guo, Z. (2013). Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Dahuofang Reservoir, Northeast China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, 945–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, T., Qin, Y., Zheng, B., Li, Y., Zhang, L., and Guo, Z. (2012). Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a reservoir in Northeast China. Environmental Pollution 163, 256–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, G., Zhang, G., Jin, Z., and Li, J. (2009). Sedimentary record of hydrophobic organic compounds in relation to regional economic development: A study of Taihu Lake, East China. Environmental Pollution 157, 2994–3000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, G. Q., Zhang, G., Li, X. D., Li, J., Peng, X. Z., and Qi, S. H. (2005). Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51, 912–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., Wang, J.-Z., Wei, G.-L., Guan, Y.-F., Wong, C. S., and Zeng, E. Y. (2012a). Sediment records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the continental shelf of China: implications for evolving anthropogenic impacts. Environmental Science and Technology 46, 6497–6504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, M., Baugh, P. J., Hutchinson, S. M., Yu, L., and Xu, S. (2000). Historical record and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in core sediments from the Yangtze Estuary, China. Environmental Pollution 110, 357–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Wang, S., Lohmann, R., Yu, N., Zhang, C., Gao, Y., Zhao, J., and Ma, L. (2015). Source apportionment of gaseous and particulate PAHs from traffic emission using tunnel measurements in Shanghai, China. Atmospheric Environment 107, 129–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Yu, N., Li, Z., Wei, Y., Ma, L., and Zhao, J. (2012b). Sedimentary record of PAHs in the Liangtan River and its relation to socioeconomic development of Chongqing, Southwest China. Chemosphere 89, 893–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louchouarn, P., Kuo, L.-J., Brandenberger, J. M., Marcantonio, F., Garland, C., Gill, G. A., and Cullinan, V. (2012). Pyrogenic inputs of anthropogenic Pb and Hg to sediments of the Hood Canal, Washington, in the 20th Century: Source evidence from stable Pb isotopes and PAH signatures. Environmental Science and Technology 46, 5772–5781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Q., Yang, Z., Wu, L., Ruan, X., and Yang, W. (2015). The temporal distribution, source and potential toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a sediment core from an urban lake in Wuhan, China. Environmental Science Processes and Impacts 17, 825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, C., Lin, T., Ye, S., Ding, X., Li, Y., and Guo, Z. (2016). Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Liaohe River Delta wetland, Northeast China: Implications for regional population migration and economic development. Environmental Pollution 222, 146–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado, K. S., Figueira, R. C. L., Côcco, L. C., Froehner, S., Fernandes, C. V. S., and Ferreira, P. A. L. (2014). Sedimentary record of PAHs in the Barigui River and its relation to the socioeconomic development of Curitiba, Brazil. Science of The Total Environment 482–483, 42–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai, B. X., Fu, J. M., Zhang, G., Lin, Z., Min, Y. S., Sheng, G. Y., and Wang, X. M. (2001) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Pearl river and estuary, China: spatial and temporal distribution and sources. Applied Geochemistry 16, 1429–1445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, C. C., Bícego, M. C., Mahiques, M. M., Figueira, R. C. L., Tessler, M. G., and Montone, R. C. (2011). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a large South American industrial coastal area (Santos Estuary, Southeastern Brazil): Sources and depositional history. Marine Pollution Bulletin 63, 452–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, C. C., Bícego, M. C., Rose, N. L., Taniguchi, S., Lourenço, R. A., Figueira, R. C. L., Mahiques, M. M., and Montone, R. C. (2010). Historical record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) in marine sediment cores from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Environmental Pollution 158, 192–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masclet, P., Hoyau, V., Jaffrezo, J., and Legrand, M. (1995). Evidence for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the polar atmosphere and in the polar ice of Greenland. Analusis 23, 250–252.
   Google Scholar
• Mastral, A. M., and Callen, M. S. (2000). A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from energy generation. Environmental Science and Technology 34, 3051–3057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazeas, L., Budzinski, H., and Raymond, N. (2002). Absence of stable carbon isotope fractionation of saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during aerobic bacterial biodegradation. Organic geochemistry 33(11), 1259–1272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae, C., Snape, C. E., and Fallick, A. E. (1998). Variations in the stable isotope ratios of specific aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from coal conversion processes. Analyst 123, 1519–1523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae, C., Love, G. D., Murray, I. P., Snape, C. E., and Fallick, A. E. (1996). Potential of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry to source polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. Analytical Communications 33, 331–333.
   Google Scholar
• McRae, C., Sun, C. G., Snape, C. E., Fallick, A. E., and Taylor, D. (1999). δ13C values of coal-derived PAHs from different processes and their application to source apportionment. Organic Geochemistry (part 2) 30(8), 881–889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikac, I., Fiket, Ž., Terzić, S., Barešić, J., Mikac, N., and Ahel, M. (2011). Chemical indicators of anthropogenic impacts in sediments of the pristine karst lakes. Chemosphere 84, 1140–1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morasch, B., Richnow, H. H., Schink, B., Vieth, A., and Meckenstock, R. U. (2002). Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope fractionation during aerobic bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(10), 5191–5194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriwaki, H., Katahira, K., Yamamoto, O., Fukuyama, J., Kamiura, T., Yamazaki, H., and Yoshikawa, S. (2005). Historical trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the reservoir sediment core at Osaka. Atmospheric Environment 39, 1019–1025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musa Bandowe, B. A., Srinivasan, P., Seelge, M., Sirocko, F., and Wilcke, W. (2014). A 2600-year record of past polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) deposition at Holzmaar (Eifel, Germany). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 401, 111–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsen, E. B., Rosenbauer, R. J., Fuller, C. C., and Jaffe, B. J. (2015). Sedimentary organic biomarkers suggest detrimental effects of PAHs on estuarine microbial biomass during the 20th century in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA. Chemosphere 119, 961–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Dwyer, B., and Taylor, D. (2009). Paleolimnological evidence of variations in deposition of atmosphere-borne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ireland. Chemosphere 77, 1374–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Malley, V. P. (1994). Compound-specific carbon isotope geochemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Newfoundland estuaries. Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland.
   Google Scholar
• O'Malley, V. P., Abrajano, T. A., and Hellou, J. (1996). Stable carbon isotopic apportionment of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in St. John's Harbour, Newfoundland. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 634–639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohura, T., Sakakibara, H., Watanabe, I., Shim, W. J., Manage, P. M., and Guruge, K. S. (2015). Spatial and vertical distributions of sedimentary halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in moderately polluted areas of Asia. Environmental Pollution 196, 331–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuda, T., Kumata, H., Naraoka, H., Ishiwatari, R., and Takada, H. (2002). Vertical distributions and delta C-13 isotopic compositions of PAHs in Chidorigafuchi Moat sediment, Japan. Organic Geochemistry 33, 843–848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oros, D. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T. (2000). Identification and emission rates of molecular tracers in coal smoke particulate matter. Fuel 79, 515–536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyo-Ita, O. E., and Oyo-Ita, I. O. (2013). PAH depositional history and sources in recent sediment core from Ukwa; Ibom Lake, S. E. Nigeria. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 35, 185–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paatero, P. (1997). Least squares formulation of robust nonnegative factor analysis. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 37, 23–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paatero, P., and Tapper, U. (1993). Analysis of different modes of factor analysis as least squares fit problems. Chemometrics & Intelligent Laboratory Systems 18, 183–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacyna, J. M., Breivik, K., Münch, J., and Fudala, J. (2003). European atmospheric emissions of selected persistent organic pollutants, 1970–1995. Atmospheric Environment 37, 119–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pant, P., and Harrison, R. M. (2012). Critical review of receptor modelling for particulate matter: A case study of India. Atmospheric Environment 49, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantano, G., Ferrizzi, V. C., Bisinoti, M. C., and Moreira, A. B. (2016). Source of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons found in sediment in a region of expanding sugarcane cultivation of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Soils and Sediments 16, 1599–1611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, M. J., Long, D. T., Giesy, J. P., and Kannan, K. (2014). Inferring sources for mercury to inland lakes using sediment chronologies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental Science-Processes and Impacts 16, 2108–2116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavoni, B., Sfriso, A., and Marcomini, A. (1987). Concentration and flux profiles of PCBs, DDTs and PAHs in a dated sediment core from the lagoon of Venice. Marine Chemistry 21, 25–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, X., Wang, Z., Yu, Y., Tang, C., Lu, H., Xu, S., Chen, F., Mai, B., Chen, S., Li, K., and Yang, C. (2008). Temporal trends of hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary and the northern South China Sea. Environmental Pollution 156, 442–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, W. E., Hostettler, F. D., Luoma, S. N., van Geen, A., Fuller, C. C., and Anima, R. J. (1999). Sedimentary record of anthropogenic and biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Bay, California. Marine Chemistry 64, 99–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietzsch, R., Patchineelam, S. R., and Torres, J. P. M. (2010). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments from a subtropical estuary in Brazil. Marine Chemistry 118, 56–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pozo, K., Perra, G., Gomez, V., Barra, R., and Urrutia, R. (2014). Temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a dated sediment core of a high altitude mountain lake: Chungara Lake Northern Chile (18 degrees S). Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 59, 2564–2567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punning, J.-M., Terasmaa, J., Vaasma, T., and Kapanen, G. (2008). Historical changes in the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lake Peipsi sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 144, 131–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, Y.-W., Zhang, G., Liu, G.-Q., Guo, L.-L., Li, X.-D., and Wai, O. (2009). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column and sediment core of Deep Bay, South China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 83, 60–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quiroz, R., Popp, P., Urrutia, R., Bauer, C., Araneda, A., Treutler, H.-C., and Barra, R. (2005). PAH fluxes in the Laja Lake of south central Chile Andes over the last 50 years: Evidence from a dated sediment core. Science of the Total Environment 349, 150–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachdawong, P., Christensen, E. R., and Karls, J. F. (1998). Historical PAH fluxes to Lake Michigan sediments determined by factor analysis. Water Research 32, 2422–2430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramdahl, T. (1983). Retene-A molecular marker of wood combustion in ambient air. Nature 306, 580–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranjan, R. K., Routh, J., Ramanathan, A. L., and Klump, J. V. (2012). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fingerprints in the Pichavaram mangrove-estuarine sediments, southeastern India. Organic Geochemistry 53, 88–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindra, K., Sokhi, R., and Van Grieken, R. (2008). Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmospheric Environment 42, 2895–2921.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Readman, J. W., Mantoura, R. F., and Rhead, M. M. (1987). A record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution obtained from accreting sediments of the Tamar Estuary, U.K.: evidence for non-equilibrium behaviour of PAH. Science of the Total Environment 66, 73–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, C. M., Pearson, A., Xu, L., McNichol, A. P., Benner B. A. Jr., Wise, S. A., Klouda, G. A., Currie, L. A., and Eglinton, T. I. (2002). Radiocarbon as a tool to apportion the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in environmental samples. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 1774–1782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, C., Wu, Y., Zhang, S., Wu, L.-L., Liang, X.-G., Chen, T.-H., Zhu, C.-Z., Sojinu, S. O., and Wang, J.-Z. (2015). PAHs in sediment cores at main river estuaries of Chaohu Lake: implication for the change of local anthropogenic activities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, 1687–1696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricking, M., and Schulz, H. M. (2002). PAH-profiles in sediment cores from the Baltic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 565–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinawati, Koike, T., Koike, H., Kurumisawa, R., Ito, M., Sakurai, S., Togo, A., Saha, M., Arifin, Z., and Takada, H. (2012). Distribution, source identification, and historical trends of organic micropollutants in coastal sediment in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Journal of Hazardous Materials 217–218, 208–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. L., Harlock, S., Appleby, P. G., and Battarbee, R. W. (1995). Dating of recent lake sediments in the United Kingdom and Ireland using spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration profiles. Holocene 5, 328–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. L., and Monteith, D. T. (2005). Temporal trends in spheroidal carbonaceous particle deposition derived from annual sediment traps and lake sediment cores and their relationship with non-marine sulphate. Environmental Pollution 137, 151–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. L., and Rippey, B. (2002). The historical record of PAH, PCB, trace metal and fly-ash particle deposition at a remote lake in north-west Scotland. Environmental Pollution 117, 121–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Fernández, A. C., Ontiveros-Cuadras, J. F., Sericano, J. L., Sanchez-Cabeza, J.-A., Liong Wee Kwong, L., Dunbar, R. B., Mucciarone, D. A., Pérez-Bernal, L. H., and Páez-Osuna, F. (2014). Long-range atmospheric transport of persistent organic pollutants to remote lacustrine environments. Science of the Total Environment 493, 505–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Fernández, A. C., Sprovieri, M., Piazza, R., Frignani, M., Sanchez-Cabeza, J.-A., Feo, M. L., Bellucci, L. G., Vecchiato, M., Pérez-Bernal, L. H., and Páez-Osuna, F. (2012). 210Pb-derived history of PAH and PCB accumulation in sediments of a tropical inner lagoon (Las Matas, Gulf of Mexico) near a major oil refinery. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 82, 136–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, G., Jones, K. C., Hamilton-Taylor, J., and Dorr, H. (1995). PCB and PAH fluxes to a dated UK peat core. Environmental Pollution 89, 17–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santschi, P. H., Presley, B. J., Wade, T. L., Garcia-Romero, B., and Baskaran, M. (2001). Historical contamination of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, and heavy metals in Mississippi River Delta, Galveston Bay and Tampa Bay sediment cores. Marine Environmental Research 52, 51–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savinov, V. M., Savinova, T. N., Carroll, J., Matishov, G. G., Dahle, S., and Næs, K. (2000). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the White Sea, Russia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40, 807–818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, T. C., Zwank, L., Elsner, M., Berg, M., Meckenstock, R. U., and Haderlein, S. B. (2004). Compoundspecific stable isotope analysis of organic contaminants in natural environments: a critical review of the state of the art, prospects, and future challenges. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 378(2), 283–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, A. R., Stapleton, H. M., Cornwell, J., and Baker, J. E. (2001). Recent declines in PAH, PCB, and toxaphene levels in the northern Great Lakes as determined from high resolution sediment cores. Environmental Science and Technology 35, 3809–3815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, H., Tao, S., Wang, R., Wang, B., Shen, G., Li, W., Su, S., Huang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, W., Li, B., and Sun, K. (2011). Global time trends in PAH emissions from motor vehicles. Atmospheric Environment 45, 2067–2073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simcik, M. F., Eisenreich, S. J., Golden, K. A., Liu, S. P., Lipiatou, E., Swackhamer, D. L., and Long, D. T. (1996). Atmospheric loading of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Lake Michigan as recorded in the sediments. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 3039–3046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, G. F., Benson, A. A., Marvin, C., and Muir, D. (2013). PAH fluxes to Siskiwit revisited: Trends in fluxes and sources of pyrogenic PAH and perylene constrained via radiocarbon analysis. Environmental Science and Technology 47, 5066–5073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D. J. T., and Harrison, R. M. (1998). In R. M. Harrison, and R. Van Grieken (Eds.), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particles. (pp. 253–294). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. N., Lee, K., Gobeil, C., and Macdonald, R. W. (2009). Natural rates of sediment containment of PAH, PCB and metal inventories in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia. Science of the Total Environment 407, 4858–4869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofowote, U. M., Mccarry, B. E., and Marvin, C. H. (2008). Source apportionment of PAH in Hamilton Harbour suspended sediments: comparison of two factor analysis methods. Environmental Science and Technology 42, 6007–6014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srogi, K. (2007). Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 5, 169–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, M. C., Christensen, E. R., and Karls, J. F. (1998). Determination of PAH sources in dated sediments from Green Bay, Wisconsin, by a chemical mass balance model. Environmental Pollution 99, 411–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., and Zang, S. (2013). Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particle size in dated core sediments in Lake Lianhuan, Northeast China. Science of the Total Environment 461–462, 180–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Zang, S., and Xiao, H. (2011). Historical record and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Lianhuan Lake sediments. Ecotoxicology 20, 951–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Zang, S. Y., and Sun, H. J. (2014). Sources and history of PAHs in lake sediments from oil-producing and industrial areas, northeast China. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 11, 2051–2060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Z., Guo, J., Liao, H., Zhao, X., Wu, F., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., and Giesy, J. (2015). Spatial and temporal distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Taihu Lake, eastern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, 5350–5358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thurston, G. D., and Spengler, J. D. (1985). A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston. Atmospheric Environment 19, 9–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobiszewski, M., and Namieśnik, J. (2012). PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environmental Pollution 162, 110–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolosa, I., Bayona, J. M., and Albaiges, J. (1996). Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur/oxygen derivatives in northwestern Mediterranean sediments: Spatial and temporal variability, fluxes, and budgets. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 2495–2503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usenko, S., Landers, D. H., Appleby, P. G., and Simonich, S. L. (2007). Current and historical deposition of PBDEs, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs to rocky mountain national park. Environmental Science and Technology 41, 7235–7241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Drooge, B. L., Lopez, J., Fernandez, P., Grimalt, J. O., and Stuchlik, E. (2011). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lake sediments from the High Tatras. Environmental Pollution 159, 1234–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Metre, P. C., and Mahler, B. J. (2005). Trends in hydrophobic organic contaminants in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970–2001. Environmental Science and Technology 39, 5567–5574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Metre, P. C., and Mahler, B. J. (2010). Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 US lakes. Science of the Total Environment 409, 334–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Metre, P. C., and Mahler, B. J. (2014). PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas. Environmental Science and Technology 48, 7222–7228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Metre, P. C., Mahler, B. J., and Furlong, E. T. (2000). Urban Sprawl Leaves Its PAH Signature. Environmental Science and Technology 34(19), 4064–4070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zoest, R., and Van Eck, G. (1993). Historical input and behaviour of hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two dated sediment cores from the Scheldt estuary, SW Netherlands. Marine Chemistry 44, 95–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vane, C. H., Chenery, S. R., Harrison, I., Kim, A. W., Moss-Hayes, V., and Jones, D. G. (2011). Chemical signatures of the Anthropocene in the Clyde estuary, UK: sediment-hosted Pb, Pb-207/206, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, 1085–1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vane, C. H., Harrison, I., and Kim, A. W. (2007). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from the Mersey Estuary, U.K. Science of the Total Environment 374, 112–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varnosfaderany, M. N., Bakhtiari, A. R., Gu, Z., and Chu, G. (2014). Vertical distribution and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in southwest of the Caspian Sea: Most petrogenic events during the late Little Ice Age. Marine Pollution Bulletin 87, 152–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, D., Feng, C., Huang, L., Niu, J., and Shen, Z. (2013). Historical deposition behaviors of PAHs in the Yangtze River Estuary: Role of the sources and water currents. Chemosphere 90, 2020–2026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H.-S., Liang, P., Kang, Y., Shao, D.-D., Zheng, G. J., Wu, S.-C., Wong, C. K. C., and Wong, M. H. (2010a). Enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mariculture sediments of Hong Kong. Environmental Pollution 158, 3298–3308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Yang, H., Gong, P., Zhao, X., Wu, G., Turner, S., and Yao, T. (2010b). One century sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mercury and trace elements in the Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau. Environmental Pollution 158, 3065–3070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. G. (1984). Overview of receptor model principles. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 34, 619–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F., Xu, L., Sun, Y., Liao, H., Zhao, X., and Guo, J. (2012). Exploring the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sedimentary organic carbon in three Chinese lakes. Journal of Soils and Sediments 12, 774–783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Mi, T.-Z., and Li, B. (2001). Occurrence of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the core sediments of the Yellow Sea. Marine Chemistry 76, 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., Guo, J.-Y., Liu, G.-R., Shi, G.-L., Guo, C.-S., Zhang, Y., and Feng, Y.-C. (2014). Historical trends of concentrations, source contributions and toxicities for PAHs in dated sediment cores from five lakes in western China. Science of the Total Environment 470–471, 519–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, S., Liu, W., and Tao, S. (2006). Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China. Environmental Science and Technology 40, 702–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita, N., Kannan, K., Imagawa, T., Villeneuve, D. L., Hashimoto, S., Miyazaki, A., and Giesy, J. P. (2000). Vertical profile of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, naphthalenes, biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkylphenols in a sediment core from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Environmental Science and Technology 34, 3560–3567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, B., Abrajano, T. A., Bopp, R. F., Benedict, L. A., Chaky, D. A., Perry, E., Song, J., and Keane, D. P. (2006). Combined application of δ13C and molecular ratios in sediment cores for PAH source apportionment in the New York/New Jersey harbor complex. Organic Geochemistry 37, 674–687.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, B., Bopp, R. F., Abrajano, T. A., Chaky, D., and Chillrud, S. N. (2014). Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into central park lake, New York City, over a century of deposition. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33, 985–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, B. Z., Abrajano, T. A., Bopp, R. F., Chaky, D. A., Benedict, L. A., and Chillrud, S. N. (2005). Molecular tracers of saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inputs into Central Park Lake, New York City. Environmental Science and Technology 39, 7012–7019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, W., Chi, J., Wang, Z., Huang, W., and Zhang, G. (2009). Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Daya Bay, South China. Environmental Pollution 157, 1823–1830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, R., Xie, T., Li, A., Yang, H., Turner, S., Wu, G., and Jing, C. (2016). Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in remote lakes across the Tibetan Plateau. Environmental Pollution 214, 1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z., Tang, Z., Shen, Z., Niu, J., and Wang, H. (2011). One-hundred-year sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban lake sediments from Wuhan, Central China. Water Air and Soil Pollution 217, 577–587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yebra-Pimentel, I., Fernandez-Gonzalez, R., Martinez-Carballo, E., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2015). A critical review about the health risk assessment of PAHs and their metabolites in foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 55, 1383–1405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yim, U. H., Hong, S. H., Shim, W. J., Oh, J. R., and Chang, M. (2005). Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics of PAHs in sediments from Masan Bay, Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, 319–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, C. F., and Xu, X. C. (2010). Coal combustion and its pollution control in China. Energy 35, 4467–4472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H.-Y., Bao, L.-J., Wong, C. S., Hu, Y., and Zeng, E. Y. (2012). Sedimentary loadings and ecological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a typical mariculture zone of South China. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14, 2685–2691.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuan, H., Liu, E., Zhang, E., Luo, W., Chen, L., Wang, C., and Lin, Q. (2017). Historical records and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediment from a representative plateau lake, China. Chemosphere 173, 78–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, Z., Liu, G., Wang, R., and Da, C. (2014). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Old Yellow River Estuary, China: Occurrence, sources, characterization and correlation with the relocation history of the Yellow River. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 109, 169–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunker, M. B., and Macdonald, R. W. (2003). Alkane and PAH depositional history, sources and fluxes in sediments from the Fraser River Basin and Strait of Georgia, Canada. Organic Geochemistry 34, 1429–1454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., Goyette, D., Paton, D. W., Fowler, B. R., Sullivan, D., and Boyd, J. (1999). Natural and anthropogenic inputs of hydrocarbons to the Strait of Georgia. Science of the Total Environment 225, 181–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., Ross, P. S., Johannessen, S. C., and Dangerfield, N. (2015). Alkane and PAH provenance and potential bioavailability in coastal marine sediments subject to a gradient of anthropogenic sources in British Columbia, Canada. Organic Geochemistry 89–90, 80–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., Vingarzan, R., Mitchell, R. H., Goyette, D., and Sylvestre, S. (2002). PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry 33, 489–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunker, M. B., McLaughlin, F. A., Fowler, M. G., and Fowler, B. R. (2014). Source apportionment of the hydrocarbon background in sediment cores from Hecate Strait, a pristine sea on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. Organic Geochemistry 76, 235–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemo, DA. (2009). Use of Parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Proportions to Attribute PAH Sources in sediments: a case study from the pacific northwest. Environmental Forensics 10, 229–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, X., Ma, Y., and Ma, L. (2007). Utilization of straw in biomass energy in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11, 976–987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, F., Zhang, R., Guan, M., Shu, Y., Shen, L., Chen, X., and Li, T. (2016). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Pb isotopic ratios in a sediment core from Shilianghe Reservoir, eastern China: Implying pollution sources. Applied Geochemistry 66, 140–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, P., Song, J., Fang, J., Liu, Z., Li, X., and Yuan, H. (2009a). One century record of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in core sediments from the southern Yellow Sea. Journal of Environmental Sciences 21, 1080–1088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R., Zhang, F., and Zhang, T.-C. (2013). Sedimentary records of PAHs in a sediment core from tidal flat of Haizhou Bay, China. Science of the Total Environment 450–451, 280–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Dou, H., Chang, B., Wei, Z., Qiu, W., Liu, S., Liu, W., and Tao, S. (2008). Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor straw burning and emission inventory updating in China. In: D. O. Carpenter (Ed.), Environmental Challenges in the Pacific Basin (pp. 218–227). Beijing: Peking University
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Guo, C.-S., Xu, J., Tian, Y.-Z., Shi, G.-L., and Feng, Y.-C. (2012). Potential source contributions and risk assessment of PAHs in sediments from Taihu Lake, China: comparison of three receptor models. Water Research 46, 3065–3073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., and Tao, S. (2009). Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004. Atmospheric Environment 43, 812–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Tao, S., Shen, H., and Ma, J. (2009b). Inhalation exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk of Chinese population. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, 21063–21067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Z., Zhuang, Y.-X., and Gu, J.-D. (2012). Abundance, composition and vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay of Hong Kong. Ecotoxicology 21, 1734–1742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, G. J., Man, B. K. W., Lam, J. C. W., Lam, M. H. W., and Lam, P. K. S. (2002). Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment of a sub-tropical coastal wetland. Water Research 36, 1457–1468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar