Can recycling of waste help us to sequester carbon in forestry? Experimental results and economic visions

References

• Beier , C. , Gundersen , P. , Hansen , K. and Rasmussen , L. 1995 . ‘Experimental manipulation of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark. II Effects on tree growth and nutrition’ . Plant and Soil , 168–169 : 613 – 622 .
   Google Scholar
• Berdén , M. 1994 . “ ‘Ion leaching and soil acidification in a forest Haplic Podzol: Effecs of nitrogen application and clear‐cutting’ ” . Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environmental Research . Doctoral Dissertation, Rep 73.
   Google Scholar
• Cole , D.W. 1995 . ‘Soil nutrient supply in natural and managed forests’ . Plant and Soil , 168–169 : 45 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Davey , C.B. ‘Forest ferilization in the americas’ . Nutrition of trees, The Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Symposia proceedings: 6, Lectures given at the 1989 Marcus Wallenberg Symposium . September 14 1989 , Falun, Sweden. Strålins Tryckeri AB . Grycksbo, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, R. K. (This volume) ‘Silvicultural options to conserve and sequester carbon in forest systems: Preliminary economic assessment’.
   Google Scholar
• FAO‐UNESCO . 1988 . “ ‘Soil map of the world’ ” . Rome : FAO . Revised legend
   Google Scholar
• Fife , D.N. and Nambiar , E.K.S. 1995 . ‘Effect of nitrogen on growth and water relations of radiata pine families’ . Plant and Soil , 168–169 : 279 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogelfors , H. and Steen , E. 1982 . “ ‘Vegetation changes during 25 years of in landscape conservation experiments near Uppsala’ ” . Sweden SNV PM1623, (In Swedish)
   Google Scholar
• Greger , M. , Hamza , K. and Perttu , K. 1995 . “ ‘Recirculation of waste products from forest industry‐a prestudy’ ” . Swedish Waste Research Council . Report 68.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , T. 1992 . ‘Avloppsvatten på åkermark eller soptipp? Ekonomiska konsekvenser for kommuner och lantbrukare’ (Sewage sludge on farm land or dump? Economic consequences for communes and fanners) , Fakta Ekonomi No. 1 Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci. . (In Swedish)
   Google Scholar
• Henry , C.L. , Cole , D.W. , Hinckley , T.M. and Harrison , R.B. “The use of municipal and pulp and paper sludges to increase production in forestry’ . IUFRO Centennial Conference . 1992 , Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Ingestad , T. 1988 . ‘A fertilization model based on the concepts of nutrient flux density and nutrient productivity’ . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 3 : 157 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majdi , H. and Persson , H. 1993 . ‘Spatial distribution of fine roots, rhizoshere and bulk‐soil chemistry in an acidified Picea abies stand’ . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 8 : 147 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , A. ‘Teknik och ekonomi for att behandla aska. Tema askaterforing’ (Technique and economy for ash recycling) . Symposia . January 24–25 1994 , Hudiksvall. Bio‐X, Gävle. (In Swedish)
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson , L.O. 1995 . ‘Manipulation of conventional forest management practices to increase forest growth‐results from the Swedish Skogaby project’ . Forest Ecology and Management , (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson , L.O. and Wiklund , K. 1992 . ‘Influence of nutrient and water stress on Norway spruce production in south Sweden‐the role of air pollutants’ . Plant and Soil , 147 : 251 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , L.O. and Wiklund , K. 1994 . “Nitrogen accumulation in a Norway spruce stand following ammonium sulphate application, fertigation, irrigation, drought and nitogen‐free‐fertilisation’ . Plant and Soil , 164 : 221 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , L.O. and Wiklund , K. 1995 . ‘Nutrient balance and P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B accumulation in a Norway spruce stand following ammonium sulphate application, fertigation, irrigation, drought and N‐free‐fertilisation’ . Plant and Soil , 168–169 : 437 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Nohrstedt , H.‐O. , Arnebrant , K. , Bååth , E. and Söderström , B. 1989 . ‘Changes in carbon content, respiration rate, ATP content, and microbial biomass in nitrogen‐fertilized pine forest soils in Sweden’ . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 19 : 323 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks, P., Hall, D., Kristöm, B., Masera, O., Moulton, R.J., Plantinga, A.J., Swisher, J.N. and Winjum, J. (This volume). ‘An economic approach to planting trees for carbon storage’.
   Google Scholar
• Perttu , K. 1993 . ‘Biomass production and nutrient removal from municipal wastes using willow vegetation filters’ . Journal of Sustainable Forestry , 1 (3) : 57 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Persson , H. , von Fircks , Y. , Majdi , H. and Nilsson , L.O. 1995 . ‘Root distribution in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand subjected to drought and ammonium‐sulphate application’ . Plant and Soil , 168–169 : 161 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedjo , R.A. , Wisniewski , J. , Sample , A. and Kinsman , J.D. 1995 . “The economics of managing carbon via forestry: Assessment of existing studies’ . Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics , 6 : 139 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamm , C.O. 1991 . “ ‘Nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Questions of productivity, vegetational changes, and ecosystem stability’ ” . In Ecological studies 81 , Berlin, New York, London : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund , K. , Nilsson , L.O. and Jacobsson , S. 1995 . ‘Effects of irrigation, fertilization and artificial drought on basidioma production in a Norway spruce stand’ . Canadian Journal of Botany , 73 : 200 – 208 .
   Google Scholar