2,518
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Interviewing the Interviewers: Journalistic Norms and Racial Diversity in the Newsroom

, , &
Pages 242-259 | Published online: 04 Aug 2009

REFERENCES

  • Adams , T. , & Cleary , J. ( 2006 ). The parity paradox: Reader response to minority newsroom staffing . Mass Communication and Society , 9 , 45 – 61 .
  • American Society of Newspaper Editors . ( 2005, April 12 ). News staffs shrinking while minority presence grows . Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://www.asne.org/index.cfm?id=5648 .
  • Ankney , R. , & Procopio , D. ( 2003 ). Corporate culture, minority hiring, and newspaper coverage of affirmative action . The Howard Journal of Communications , 14 , 159 – 176 .
  • Bagdikian , B. ( 1997 ). The media monopoly . Boston : Beacon Press .
  • Barnett , B. ( 2003 ). Guilty and threatening: Visual bias in television news crime stories . Journalism and Communication Monographs , 5 , 103 – 155 .
  • Becker , L. , Fruit , J. , & Caudill , S. ( 1987 ). The training and hiring of journalists . Norwood , NJ : Ablex .
  • Bennett , W. L. ( 1990 ). Toward a theory of press-state relations in the United States . Journal of Communication , 40 , 103 – 124 .
  • Bennett , W. L. ( 1996 ). An introduction to journalism norms and representations of politics . Political Communication , 13 , 373 – 384 .
  • Blumler , J. , & Gurevitch , M. ( 1981 ). Politicians and the press: An essay on role relationships . In D. Nimmo & K. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of political communication (pp. 467 – 493 ). Beverly Hills , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Boykoff , M. , & Boykoff , J. ( 2004 ). Balance as bias: Global warming in the U.S. prestige press . Global Environmental Change , 4 , 125 – 136 .
  • Bramlett-Solomon , S. ( 1993 ). Job appeal and job satisfaction among Hispanic and Black journalists . Mass Communication Review , 20 , 202 – 211 .
  • Brislin , T. , & Williams , N. ( 1996 ). Beyond diversity: Expanding the canon in journalism ethics . Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 11 , 16 – 27 .
  • Brown , J. , Bybee , C. , Weardon , S. , & Straughan , D. ( 1987 ). Invisible power: Newspaper news sources and the limits of diversity . Journalism Quarterly , 64 , 45 – 54 .
  • Byerly , C. M. , & Warren , C. A. ( 1996 ). At the margins of center: Organized protest in the newsroom . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 13 , 1 – 23 .
  • Campbell , C. P. ( 1995 ). Race, myth and the news . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Cassidy , W. ( 2006 ). Gatekeeping similar for online, print journalists . Newspaper Research Journal , 27 , 6 – 23 .
  • Clawson , R. , & Trice , R. ( 2000 ). Poverty as we know it: Media portrayals of the poor . Public Opinion Quarterly , 64 , 53 – 64 .
  • Clawson , R. , Strine , H. , & Waltenburg , E. ( 2003 ). Framing Supreme Court decisions: The mainstream versus the Black press . Journal of Black Studies , 33 , 784 – 800 .
  • Cook , T. ( 1998 ). Governing with the news: The news media as a political institution . Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
  • Cropp , F. , Frisby , C. , & Mills , D. ( 2003 ). Journalism across cultures . Ames : Iowa State Press .
  • Dates , J. , & Barlow , W. ( 1993 ). Split image: African Americans in the mass media . Washington , DC : Howard University Press .
  • Delouth , T. , & Woods , C. ( 1996 ). Biases against minorities in newspaper reports of crime . Psychological Reports , 79 , 545 – 556 .
  • Denzin , N. , & Lincoln , Y. (1998). Strategies of qualitative inquiry . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications.
  • Dixon , T. , Azocar , C. , & Casas , M. ( 2003 ). The portrayal of race and crime on television network news . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 47 , 498 – 523 .
  • Dixon , T. , & Linz , D. ( 2000 ). Overrepresentation and underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as lawbreakers on television news . Journal of Communication , 50 , 131 – 154 .
  • Eisenberg , P. ( 1999, August 8 ). Hiring minorities is only half the challenge . The Freedom Forum and Newseum News , 6 .
  • Entman , R. , & Rojecki , A. ( 2000 ). The black image in the white mind: Media and race in America . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Gandy , O. ( 1997 ). From bad to worse—the media's framing of race and risk . In E. Dennis & E. Pease (Eds.), The media in black and white (pp. 37 – 44 ). Brunswick , NJ : Transaction Publishers .
  • Gans , H. ( 1979 ). Deciding what's news . New York : Pantheon Books.
  • Gist , M. ( 1990 ). Minorities in media imagery: A social cognitive perspective on journalistic bias . Newspaper Research Journal , 11 , 52 – 63 .
  • Gitlin , T. ( 1980 ). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left . Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Gross , R. , Curtin , P. , & Cameron , G. ( 2001 ). Diversity advances both journalism, business . Newspaper Research Journal , 22 , 14 – 27 .
  • Gross , R. , Craft , S. , Cameron , G. , & Antecol , M. ( 2002 ). Diversity efforts at the Los Angeles Times: Are journalists and the community on the same page? Mass Communication and Society , 5 , 263 – 277 .
  • Hart , R. ( 2000 ). Campaign talk: Why elections are good for us? Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press.
  • Heider , D. ( 2000 ). White news: Why local news programs don't cover people of color . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Hunt , D. M. ( 1999 ). O. J. Simpson facts and fictions: News rituals in the construction of reality . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Husband , C. ( 2005 ). Minority ethnic media as communities of practice: Professionalism and identity politics in interaction . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 31 , 461 – 479 .
  • Johnston , A. , & Flamiano , D. ( 2007 ). Diversity in mainstream newspapers from the standpoint of journalists of color . The Howard Journal of Communications , 18 , 111 – 131 .
  • Johnstone , J. , Slawski , E. , & Bowman , W. ( 1976 ). The news people: A sociological portrait of American journalists and their work . Chicago : University of Illinois Press.
  • Keefer , J. ( 1993 ). The news media's failure to facilitate citizen participation in the congressional policymaking process . Journalism Quarterly , 70 , 412 – 424 .
  • Kendall , K. ( 2005 ). Constructing the primary story: Embedded with the media in New Hampshire . American Behavioral Scientist , 49 , 157 – 172 .
  • Martindale , C. ( 1985 ). Coverage of Black Americans in five newspapers since 1950 . Journalism Quarterly , 62 , 321 – 328 .
  • Martindale , C. ( 1990 ). Changes in newspaper images of Black Americans . Newspaper Research Journal , 11 , 40 – 50 .
  • McGowan , W. (2001). Coloring the news: How crusading for diversity has corrupted American journalism . San Francisco , CA : Encounter Books.
  • Miller , M. , & Riechert , B. ( 2000 ). Interest group strategies and journalistic norms: News media framing of environmental issues . In S. Allan , B. Adam , & C. Carter (Eds.), Environmental risks and the media (p. 45 ). London & New York : Routledge.
  • National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders . ( 1988 ). Report of the national advisory commission on civil disorders . New York : Pantheon Books.
  • Newkirk , P. ( 2000 ). Within the veil: Black journalists, white media . New York : New York University Press .
  • Patton , M. ( 1990 ). Qualitative evaluation and research methods . New York : Teachers College Press .
  • Pease , E. ( 1990 ). Ducking the diversity issue: Newspapers' real failure is performance . Newspaper Research Journal , 11 , 24 – 27 .
  • Pease , E. , Smith , E. , & Subervi , F. ( 2001 ). News and race: Models of excellence project, Poynter Institute. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://www.poynter.org/resource/5045/101701_modelsofexcellence.pdf.
  • Pritchard , D. ( 1985 ). Race, homicide and newspapers . Journalism Quarterly , 62 , 50 – 55 .
  • Riffe , D. , Sneed , D. , & Van Ommeren , R. ( 1990 ). Black elected office holders find white press coverage insensitive, incomplete, and inappropriate . The Howard Journal of Communications , 2 , 397 – 406 .
  • Rivas-Rodriguez , M. , Subervi-Vélez , F. , Bramlett-Solomon , S. , & Heider , D. ( 2004 ). Minority journalists' perceptions of the impact of minority executives . The Howard Journal of Communications , 15 , 39 – 55 .
  • Roberts , C. ( 1975 ). The presentation of Blacks in television network newscasts . Journalism Quarterly , 52 , 50 – 55 .
  • Rodriguez , A. ( 1999 ). Making Latino news: Race, language, and class . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Shoemaker , P. , & Reese , S. ( 1991 ). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content . New York : Longman.
  • Shoemaker , P. , Eichholz , M. , Kim , E. , & Wrigley , B. ( 2001 ). Individual and routine forces in gatekeeping . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 78 , 233 – 246 .
  • Sigal , L. ( 1973 ). Reporters and officials: The organization of politics and newsmaking . Lexington , MA : D.C. Heath.
  • Steele , C. ( 1994 ). Newspapers' representations of tolerance and intolerance . Mass Communication Review , 21 , 173 – 186 .
  • Tesch , R. ( 1990 ). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools . Basingstoke , England : The Falmer Press.
  • Towner , T. , Clawson , R. , & Waltenburg , E. ( 2006 ). Media coverage of the University of Michigan affirmative action decisions: The view from mainstream, Black, and Latino Journalists . Judicature , 90 , 120 – 128 .
  • Tuchman , G. ( 1978 ). Making news . New York : Free Press .
  • Voakes , P. , Kapfer , J. , Kurpius , D. , & Chern , D. ( 1996 ). Diversity in the news: A conceptual and methodological framework . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 73 , 582 – 593 .
  • Ward , S. (2004). The invention of journalism ethics: The path to objectivity and beyond . Montreal , Canada : McGill-Queen's University Press.
  • Weaver , D. , & Wilhoit , G. ( 1991 ). The American journalist: A portrait of U.S. news people and their work . Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
  • Weaver , D. , & Wilhoit , G. ( 1996 ). The American journalist in the 1990s: U.S. news people at the end of an era . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Wilson , C. ( 1991 ). Black journalists in paradox: Historical perspectives and current dilemmas . New York : Greenwood Press.
  • Wilson , C. , & Gutiérrez , F. ( 1985 ). Minorities and media: Diversity and the end of mass communication . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage Publications.
  • Wilson , C. , & Gutiérrez , F. ( 1995 ). Race, multiculturalism and the media: From mass to class communication . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications.
  • Wilson , C. , Gutiérrez , F. , & Chao , L. ( 2003 ). Racism, sexism, and the media: the rise of class communication in multicultural America ( , 3rd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Wolseley , R. ( 1990 ). The Black press, U.S.A. Ames : Iowa State University Press.
  • Ziegler , D. , & White , A. ( 1990 ). Women and minorities on network television news: An examination of correspondents and newsmakers . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 34 , 214 – 223 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.