News Media Apologies for Racist Coverage

References

• Alemán, S. M. (2014). Locating whiteness in journalism pedagogy. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 31(1), 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2013.808355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Society of Newspaper Editors. (2018). How diverse are US newsrooms? Retrieved September 2, 2020 from https://googletrends.github.io/asne
   Google Scholar
• Blatz, C. W., Schumann, K., & Ross, M. (2009). Government apologies for historical injustices. Political Psychology, 30(2), 219–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00689.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, S. (2002). Rape and race in colonial newspapers, 1728-1776—ProQuest. Journalism History, 27(4), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2002.12062583
   Google Scholar
• Bolton, K. (2018, March 15). On race, National Geographic has more work to do. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/15/opinions/national-geographic-didnt-go-far-enough-bolton-opinion/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, R. L. (1999). The age of apology. In When sorry isn’t enough: The controversy over apologies and reparations for human injustice (pp. 3–12). New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bugeja, M. (2007). Making whole: The ethics of correction. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 22(1), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900520701315285
   Google Scholar
• Connecticuthistory.org. (2015, October 29). The oldest US newspaper in continuous publication. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from https://connecticuthistory.org/the-oldest-newspaper-in-continuous-publication/
   Google Scholar
• Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). The landscape of qualitative research. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, T. L., & Azocar, C. L. (2007). Priming crime and activating Blackness: Understanding the psychological impact of the overrepresentation of Blacks as lawbreakers on television news. Journal of Communication, 57(2), 229–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00341.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feagin, J. R. (2010). The White racial frame: Centuries of racial framing and counter-framing. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203890646
   Google Scholar
• Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1994). Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 17–41). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Gibney, M., Howard-Hassmann, R. E., Coicaud, J.-M., & Steiner, N. (2008). The age of apology: Facing up to the past. University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, K. (2000). The moral functions of an apology. The Philosophical Forum, 31(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/0031-806X.00025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order (1st ed.). Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, S. (2018, March 12). For decades our coverage was racist. To rise above our past, we must acknowledge it. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/from-the-editor-race-racism-history/
   Google Scholar
• Govier, T., &Verwoerd, W.(2002). Taking wrongs seriously: A qualified defence of public apologies. Saskatchewan Law Review 65:139–160.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, B. (1690). Publick occurrences both Forreign and Domestick. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Publick_Occurrences_Both_Forreign_and_Domestick
   Google Scholar
• Hatch, J. B. (2008). Race and reconciliation: Redressing wounds of injury. Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Hayner, P. B. (2010). Unspeakable truths: Transitional justice and the challenge of truth commissions (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Heider, D.(2000). White news: Why local news programs don’t cover people of color. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Inwood, J. (2012). The politics of being sorry: The Greensboro truth process and efforts at restorative justice. Social & Cultural Geography, 13(6), 607–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2012.710914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen, C. I. (2013). Corporate historical responsibility (CHR): Addressing a corporate past of forced labor at Volkswagen. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 41(1), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2012.731698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazare, A. (2005). On apology. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leavenworth, J., & Canfield, K. (2000, July 4). Courant complicity in an old wrong. Hartford Courant.
   Google Scholar
• Lewicki, R. J., Polin, B., & Lount, R. B. (2016). An exploration of the structure of effective apologies. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 9(2), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindfors, B. (2001). Hottentot, bushman, Kaffir: The making of racist stereotypes in 19th century Britain. In Encounter images in the meetings between Africa and Europe (pp. 54–75). Nordic Africa Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Lutz, C., & Collins, J. L. (1993). Reading National Geographic. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Magarrell, L., Wesley, J., & Finca, B. (2010). Learning from Greensboro: Truth and reconciliation in the United States. University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Martindale, C. (1986). The White press and Black America. Greenwood Press New York.
   Google Scholar
• Muhammad, K. G. (2011). The condemnation of blackness: Race, crime, and the making of modern urban America. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Geographic. (n.d.). Advertise with us. Retrieved March 29, 2019, from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mediakit/
   Google Scholar
• Okimoto, T. G., Wenzel, M., & Hornsey, M. J. (2015). Apologies demanded yet devalued: Normative dilution in the age of apology. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 60, 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perloff, R. M. (2000). The press and lynchings of African Americans. Journal of Black Studies, 30(3), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193470003000303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinsky, M. (n.d.). Maligned in Black and White: Southern newspapers played a major role in racial violence. Do they owe their communities an apology? Poynter. Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://www.poynter.org/maligned-in-Black-White/
   Google Scholar
• Pride, A. S., & Wilson, C. (1997). A history of the Black press. Howard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pratte, P. A. (1995). Gods within the machine: History of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1923–1993. Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Readers react to Courant’s complicity in slave trade. (2000, July 9). Hartford Courant; Hartford, Conn., C1.
   Google Scholar
• Rockett, D. (2018, March 16). ‘It’s about time’: Mixed reaction after National Geographic admits 'racist’ past in new issue. Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/ct-life-national-geographic-race-issue-20180315-story.html
   Google Scholar
• Smith, N. (2008). I was wrong: The meanings of apologies. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tavuchis, N. (1993). Mea Culpa: A sociology of apology and reconciliation. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• The Society of Professional Journalists. (n.d.). SPJ Code of Ethics—Society of Professional Journalists. Retrieved June 19, 2019, from https://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Racism and the press. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Whitney, D. C.(1986). Begging your pardon: Corrections and corrections policies at twelve. US Newspapers. Gannett Center for Media Studies, Columbia University.
   Google Scholar
• Wilder, C. S. (2014). Ebony and ivy: Race, slavery, and the troubled history of America’s universities. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
   Google Scholar
• Wolseley, R. (1990). Black Press, USA. Iowa State University Press.
   Google Scholar