Black liberation radio: A case study of free radio micro‐broadcasting

References

• Anastos , A. J. 1993 . The fallacy of a single minority broadcast voice: The legacy of Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission . Communications and the Law , 15 (1) : 3 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Book , C. L. 1992 . New precedent set with program diversity ruling in Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC . Communications and the Law , 14 (1) : 3 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Cantor , L. 1992 . Wheelin’ on Beale: How WDIA‐Memphis became the nation's first all‐black radio station and created the sound that changed America , New York : Pharos Books .
   Google Scholar
• Cheval , J. 1992 . “ Local radio and regional languages in southwestern France ” . In Ethnic minority media: An international perspective , Edited by: Riggins , S. H. Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Ciaffardini , D. 1991 . Tune in the people's radio movement . Sound Choice , Winter : 21
   Google Scholar
• 1982 . “ Commission Policy Regarding the Advancement of Minority Ownership in Broadcasting of 1978 ” . In Federal Communications Commission Reports, 2nd series Vol. 92 , 849
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Family in projects starts up radio station . Welfare Mothers Voice , Spring : 7
   Google Scholar
• FCC v. Ultravision broadcasting company . 1965 . Federal Communications Commission Reports, 2nd series Vol. 1 , 544
   Google Scholar
• 1978 . “ Financial qualifications standards for aural broadcast applicants ” . In Federal Communications Commission Reports, 2nd series Vol. 69 , 407
   Google Scholar
• Flint , J. 1992 . Minorities see an indifferent FCC . Broadcasting , August 31 : 25 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Foisie , G. 1993 . Minority tax certificates: Heating to a slow boil . Broadcasting and Cable , September 6 : 59
   Google Scholar
• Francke , S. 1992 . Detroit's rebel air force . Metro Times , January 29 : 8 10
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , E. 1990 . Out of the night . Los Angeles Times , November 19 : E1 E3
   Google Scholar
• Head , S. W. and Sterling , C. H. 1990 . Broadcasting in America , (6th ed.) , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifilin .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , E. 1992 . Democratic media . Zpapers , : 23 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Larsen , E. 1991 . Radio free America . Utne Reader , 43 : 22 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• LeBIanc , S. 1990 . Revolution radio . Version 90 , : 18 – 30 . (no volume number)
   Google Scholar
• McDonald , J. F. 1979 . Don't touch that dial! Radio programming in American life, 1920–1960 , Chicago, IL : Nelson‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , M. 1988 . Entrepreneurs of profit and pride: From black‐appeal to radio soul , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . Pilot radio: TV embraces music biz . Radio and Records , April 3 : 27
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , L.J. 1991 . Rappin’ in the ‘hood . The Nation , August 12 : 192
   Google Scholar
• Sakolsky , R. Anarchy on the airwaves: A brief history of the micro‐radio movement in the U.S.A . Social anarchism , (unknown date), (unknown volume or pages)
   Google Scholar
• Sakolsky , R. 1993 . Black liberation radio . Index on Censorship , 22 (2) : 8 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarr , H. A. 1993 . “ United States population ” . In World almanac and book of facts, 1994 , New York : Pharos Books .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , M. S. 1993 . Can black radio survive an industry shakeout? . Black Enterprise , 23 (11) : 254 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Shereikis , R. 1990 . United States vs. WTRA . Illinois Times , January 11 pages unnumbered
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan , P. J. 1991 . Study to show drop in minority ownership . Broadcasting , September 23 : 50
   Google Scholar
• Splichal , S. L. 1992 . Metro Broadcasting v. FCC: Supreme Court upholds FCC minority preference policies, but affirmative action victory seems tenuous at best . Howard Journal of Communications , 3 (3&4) : 281 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , C. J. , Smith , C. A. and Denton , R. E. 1989 . Persuasion and social movements , (2nd ed.) , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland Press .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend, M. (undated). Mbanna Kantako and the micro‐radio movement. [Press release.]
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , M. 1990 . Update 4 . Unpublished memorandum
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , M. 1991a . Update 5 . Unpublished memorandum
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , M. 1991b . Update 6 . Unpublished memorandum
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , M. 1992 . Black liberation radio escalates battle with the thought police . Unpublished newsletter
   Google Scholar
• Viles , P. 1993a . Controversy over “hate radio” flares again in NY . Broadcasting , January 18 : 100 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Viles , P. 1993b . Minorities feeling duopoly squeeze . Broadcasting and Cable , December 13 : 91
   Google Scholar
• Williams , P. J. 1990 . Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC: Regrouping in singular times . Harvard Law Review , 104 (2) : 525 – 546 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , L. C. 1988 . Minority and gender enhancements: A necessary and valid means to achieve diversity in the broadcast marketplace . Federal Communications Commission Law Journal , 40 (1) : 89 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Wimmer , K. A. 1989 . The future of minority advocacy before the FCC: Using marketplace rhetoric to urge policy change . Federal Communications Commission Law Journal , 41 (2) : 133 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Zeidenberg , L. 1990 . High court upholds minority preference policies . Broadcasting , July 2 : 25 – 26 .
   Google Scholar