110
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
PK-12 Research from Outside North America

A Study of the Impact of Spirituality and Curiosity on Life Satisfaction in Chinese Christian Teachers

References

  • Aboobaker, N., Manoj, E., & Zakkariya, K. A. (2019). Workplace spirituality, employee wellbeing and intention to stay. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(1), 28–44.
  • Abu, H. O., Ulbricht, C., Ding, E., Allison, J. J., Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Goldberg, R. J., & Kiefe, C. I. (2018). Association of religiosity and spirituality with quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Quality of Life Research, 27(11), 2777–2797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1906-4
  • Bandura, A. (2003). COMMENTARY: "On the Psychosocial Impact and Mechanisms of Spiritual Modeling. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13(3), 167–173. 10.1207/S15327582IJPR1303_02
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., & Syvertsen, A. K. (2011). The contribution of the developmental assets’ framework to positive youth development theory and practice. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 41, 197–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386492-5.00008-7
  • Birenbaum, M. (2016). Assessment culture versus testing culture: The impact on assessment for learning. In D. Laveault & L. Allal (Eds.), Assessment for learning: Meeting the challenge of implementation (pp. 275–292). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39211-0_16
  • Birenbaum, M. (2014). Conceptualizing assessment culture in school. In C. Wyatt-Smith, V. Klenowski, & P. Colbret (Eds.), Designing assessment for quality learning: The enabling power of assessment (pp. 285–302). Springer.
  • Birenbaum, M., Alhija, F., Shilton, H., Kimron, H., Rosanski, R., & Shahor, N. (2019). A further look at the five-dimensional curiosity construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.038
  • Blake, V., & Turiano, N. (2015). Spirituality and religiousness: Investigating pathways to greater life satisfaction. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 271–272.
  • Chaar, E. A., Hallit, S., Hajj, A., Aaraj, R., Kattan, J., Jabbour, H., & Khabbaz, L. R. (2018). Evaluating the impact of spirituality on the quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with cancer: An observational transversal study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26(8), 2581–2590.
  • Chambers-Richards, T., Chireh, B., & D’Arcy, C. (2022). Relationship between spirituality, religiosity, and general life satisfaction among Canadians living with neurological conditions in New Brunswick and Manitoba. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(5), 4119–4138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01510-y
  • Cheadle, A. C. D., & Dunkel, S. C. (2018). Mastery, self-esteem, and optimism mediate the link between religiousness and spirituality and postpartum depression. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41(5), 711–721.
  • Chlan, K. M., Zebracki, K., & Vogel, L. C. (2011). Spirituality and life satisfaction in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 49(3), 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2010.80
  • Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Conger, A. J. (1974). A revised definition for suppressor variables: A guide to their identification and interpretation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447403400105
  • De Souza, M. (2009). International handbook of education for spirituality, care and wellbeing. Springer.
  • Deb, S., Thomas, S., Bose, A., & Aswathi, T. (2020). Happiness, meaning, and satisfaction in life as perceived by Indian university students and their association with spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(5), 2469–2485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00806-w
  • Dein, S., Cook, C. C., & Koenig, H. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and mental health: Current controversies and future directions. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200(10), 852–855.https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31826b6dle
  • Delgado, C. (2005). A discussion of the concept of spirituality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(2), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318 405274828
  • Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(4), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9000-y
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.
  • Dirzyte, A., Perminas, A., & Biliuniene, E. (2021). Psychometric properties of Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) in the Lithuanian population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052608
  • Duarte, A., Lucchetti, G., Teixeira, P., & Rigatto, K. (2020). Spirituality and religiosity are associated with Quality of life in patients with lung disease. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(4), 1843–1854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0735-7
  • Dubey, R., Mehta, H., & Lombrozo, T. (2021). Curiosity is contagious: A social influence intervention to induce curiosity. Cognitive Science, 45(2), e12937. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12937
  • Every-Palmer, S., Jenkins, M., Gendall, P., Hoek, J., Beaglehole, B., Bell, C., Williman, J., Rapsey, C., & Stanley, J. (2020). Psychological distress, anxiety, family violence, suicidality, and wellbeing in New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 15(11), e0241658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241658
  • Finch, A. J. (2015). French Catholic spirituality and the nineteenth-century Korean church. Journal of Korean Religions, 6(1), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1353/jkr.2015.0000
  • Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
  • Glaesmer, H., Grande, G., Braehler, E., & Roth, M. (2011). The German version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): Psychometric properties, validity, and population-based norms. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000058
  • Hambleton, R. K. (2005). Issues, designs, and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In R. K. Hambleton, P. F. Merenda, & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment (pp. 3–38). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hammer, J., & Cragun, R. (2019). Daily spiritual experiences and well-being among the nonreligious, spiritual, and religious: A bifactor analysis. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 11(4), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000248
  • Hardy, J. H., Ness, A. M., & Mecca, J. (2017). Outside the box: Epistemic curiosity as a predictor of creative problem solving and creative performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.004
  • Hendricks, K., & Smith, T. D. (2019). Exploring the spiritual in music: Interdisciplinary dialogues in music, wellbeing and education. Approaches, 11(1), 191.
  • Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for Physical and Mental Health Research. The American Psychologist, 58(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.64
  • Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.599
  • Ironson, G., Banerjee, N., Fitch, C., & Krause, N. (2018). Positive emotional well-being, health behaviors, and inflammation measured by C-reactive protein. Social Science & Medicine, 197, 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.020
  • Ivtzan, I., Gardner, H. E., & Smailova, Z. (2011). Mindfulness meditation and curiosity: The contributing factors to wellbeing and the process of closing the self-discrepancy gap. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(3), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v1i3.2
  • Jafaripoor, H., Ghomi, M., Moslemi, Z., Mahmoodi, A., Tavan, B., & Moslemi, A. (2019). Relationship of religiosity with mental health and life satisfaction in students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 6(3), 35–43.
  • Jauncey, T., & Strodl, E. (2018). Love of God, others, and self and their association with satisfaction with life and mental health for Christians. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 20(3), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2017.1419839
  • Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T. B., Kleiman, E. M., Baczkowski, B., Enko, J., Siebers, A., Szäefer, A., Król, M., & Baran, B. (2013). Who self-initiates gratitude interventions in daily life? An examination of intentions, curiosity, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(7), 805–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.06.013
  • Kashdan, T. B. (2018, January 4). What are the five dimensions of curiosity? Medium, Retrieved July 21, 2021, from https://toddkashdan.medium.com/what-are-the-five-dimensions-of-curiosity-7de73684d53a
  • Kashdan, T. B., Rose, P., & Fincham, F. D. (2004). Curiosity and exploration: Facilitating positive subjective experiences and personal growth opportunities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(3), 291–305.
  • Kashdan, T. B., Stiksma, M. C., Disabato, D. J., McKnight, P. E., Bekier, J., Kaji, J., & Lazarus, R. (2018). The five-dimensional curiosity scale: Capturing the bandwidth of curiosity and identifying four unique subgroups of curious people. Journal of Research in Personality, 73, 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.011
  • Kennedy, A., & Duncan, J. (2006). New Zealand children’s spirituality in Catholic schools: Teachers’ perspectives. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 11(2), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13644360600797297
  • Khumalo, I. P., Wissing, M. P., & Temane, Q. M. (2008). Exploring the validity of the values-in-action inventory of strengths (VIA-IS) in an African context. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 18(1), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2008.10820180
  • Kim, E. S., Kubzansky, L. D., & Smith, J. (2015). Life satisfaction and use of preventive health care services. Health Psychology, 34(7), 779–782.
  • Kimura, M., De Oliveira, A. L., Mishima, L. S., & Underwood, L. G. (2012). Cultural adaptation and validation of the Underwood’s Daily Spiritual Experience Scale—Brazilian version. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 46(spe), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342012000700015
  • Klein, C., Hood, R. W., Silver, C. F., Keller, B., & Streib, H. (2016). Is “spirituality” nothing but “religion”? An indirect measurement approach. In H. Streib & R. W. Hood (Eds.), Semantics and psychology of spirituality (pp. 71–85) Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21245-6_6
  • Koessel, K. C. (2011). The Relationship between Spirituality and Personality [Doctoral dissertation]. Western Michigan University. Scholarworks@WMU. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/430
  • Kong, F., Gong, X., Sajjad, S., Yang, K., & Zhao, J. (2019). How is emotional intelligence linked to life satisfaction? The mediating role of social support, positive affect and negative affect. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(8), 2733–2745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-00069-4
  • Kuyel, N., Cesur, S., & Ellison, C. G. (2012). Religious orientation and mental health: A study with Turkish university students. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.pr0.110.2.535-546
  • Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Gu, M., & Kit, K. T. K. (2016). Positive Psychology Intervention to Alleviate Child Depression and Increase Life Satisfaction. Research on Social Work Practice, 26(4), 350–361. 10.1177/1049731516629799
  • Lam, C. Y., Chiu, C., & Lui, K. (2021). Hope as a mediator of spirituality and subjective happiness among Christians in Hong Kong before and during the civil unrest: Implications for counselling practices. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 12(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2021.1876115
  • Lawes, M. (2019). Music, spirituality and wellbeing: Experiences of trans-subjective-participation in Guided Imagery and Music (GIM). Approaches. An Interdisciplinary Journal of Music Therapy, 11(1), 59–73.
  • Le, Y. K., Snodgrass, J. L., Fenzel, L. M., & Tran, T. V. (2021). Acculturative stress and coping processes among middle-aged Vietnamese-born American Catholics: The roles of spirituality, religiosity, and resilience on well-being. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000217
  • Lenz, A. S., Gómez Soler, E., Dell’Aquilla, J., & Martinez Uribe, P. (2017). Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of assessments for use in counseling research. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 50(4), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2017.1320947
  • Lin, C. Y., Saffari, M., Koenig, H. G., & Pakpour, A. H. (2018). Effects of religiosity and religious coping on medication adherence and quality of life among people with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 78, 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.008
  • Lin, M. S., Chen, P. H., Chiu, W. N., & Chen, M. Y. (2016). Evidence of specific healthy behaviors positively associated with general life satisfaction among rural adults. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2015.66015
  • Litman, J. A., & Jimerson, T. L. (2004). The measurement of curiosity as a feeling of deprivation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(2), 147–157.
  • Litman, J. A., & Silvia, P. J. (2006). The latent structure of trait curiosity: Evidence for interest and deprivation curiosity dimensions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86(3), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8603_07
  • Loewenstein, G. (1994). The psychology of curiosity: A review and reinterpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.75
  • Lombardo, P., Jones, W., Wang, L., Shen, X., & Goldner, E. M. (2018). The fundamental association between mental health and life satisfaction: Results from successive waves of a Canadian national survey. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 342.
  • López-Ortega, M., Torres-Castro, S., & Rosas-Carrasco, O. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): Secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14(1), 1–70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0573-9
  • Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Addison-Wesley.
  • Lunneborg, C. E. (1985). Estimating the correlation coefficient: The bootstrap approach. Psychological Bulletin, 98(1), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.1.209
  • Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2003.11.007
  • MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation Analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 593–614.
  • Maier, K., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2020). Mediated association between spirituality and life satisfaction in chronically ill undergraduate students. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12(3), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000275
  • Marques, S. C., Lopez, S. J., & Mitchell, J. (2013). The role of hope, spirituality and religious practice in adolescents’ life satisfaction: Longitudinal findings. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9329-3
  • Mata-McMahon, J. (2019). Re-enchanting education and spiritual wellbeing: Fostering belonging and meaning-making for global citizens. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(4), 448–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1701783
  • McFatter, R. M. (1979). The use of structural equation models in interpreting regression equations including suppressor and enhancer variables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 3(1), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167900300113
  • McLaughlin, M., Gardner, J., & Talbert, J. (2006). Building school-based teacher learning communities. Teachers College Press.
  • Ng, S. M., Fong, C. T., Tsui, Y. L., Au-Yeung, S. W., & Law, K. W. (2009). Validation of the Chinese version of Underwood’s Daily Spiritual Experience Scale—transcending cultural boundaries? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(2), 91–97.
  • Nitzl, C., Roldan, J., & Cepeda, G. (2016). Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), 1849–1864. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-07-2015-0302
  • OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills Education 2030. https://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20(05.04.2018).pdf
  • Olson, M. M., Trevino, D. B., Geske, J. A., & Vanderpool, H. (2012). Religious coping and mental health outcomes: An exploratory study of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Explore, 8(3), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2012.02.005
  • Oman, D. (2018). Elephant in the room: Why spirituality and religion matter for public health. In D. Oman (Ed.), Why religion and spirituality matter for public health (pp. 1–16). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73966-3_1
  • Ozmen, C. B., Brelsford, G. M., & Danieu, C. R. (2018). Political affiliation, spirituality, and religiosity: Links to emerging adults’ life satisfaction and optimism. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(2), 622–635.
  • Pargament, K. I., Mahoney, A., Exline, J. J., Jones, J., & Shafranske, E. (2013). Envisioning an integrative paradigm for the psychology of religion and spirituality. In K. I. Pargament (Ed.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1, pp. 3–19). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14046-001
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006a). Character strengths and happiness among young children: Content analysis of parental descriptions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3648-6
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006b). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 891–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.011
  • Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
  • Parsons, W. B. (2018). Being spiritual but not religious: Past, present, future(s). Routledge.
  • Partsch, M., Bluemke, M., & Lechner, C. (2022). Revisiting the hierarchical structure of the 24 VIA character strengths: Three global dimensions may suffice to capture their essence. European Journal of Personality, 36(5), 825–845. https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070211017760
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press and American Psychological Association.
  • Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228938
  • Phillips, R., Evans, B., & Muirhead, S. (2015). Curiosity, place and wellbeing: Encouraging place-specific curiosity as a “way to wellbeing”. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 47(11), 2339–2354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X15599290
  • Pinto, J. M., Fontaine, A. M., & Neri, A. L. (2016). The influence of physical and mental health on life satisfaction is mediated by self-rated health: A study with Brazilian elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 65, 104–110.
  • Proyer, R., Ruch, W., & Buschor, C. (2013). Testing strengths-based interventions: A preliminary study on the effectiveness of a program targeting curiosity, gratitude, hope, humor, and zest for enhancing life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9331-9
  • Rahman, S., Elbi, H., Cakmakci Cetinkaya, A., Altan, S., Ozan, E., & Pirincci, E. (2021). Factors that predict the perception of spirituality and spiritual care of nurses working in high-risk units and the effect of death anxiety. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(2), 473–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12651
  • Roh, S., Kim, Y., Lee, K. H., Lee, Y. S., Burnette, C. E., & Lawler, M. J. (2015). Religion, social support, and life satisfaction among American Indian Older Adults. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 34(4), 414–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2015.1097094
  • Rosing, K., Christensen, L. B., & Øzhayat, E. B. (2019). Associations between tooth loss, prostheses and self‐reported oral health, general health, socioeconomic position and satisfaction with life. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 46(11), 1047–1054.
  • Rosmarin, D. H., & Koenig, H. G. (2020). Handbook of spirituality, religion and mental health. Academic Press.
  • Ruch, W., Harzer, C., Proyer, R. T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2010). Ways to happiness in German-speaking countries: The adaptation of the German version of the orientations to happiness questionnaire in paper-pencil and internet samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000030
  • Ruch, W., Proyer, R., Harzer, C., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2010). Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): Adaptation and validation of the German version and the development of a peer-rating form. Journal of Individual Differences, 31(3), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000022
  • Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., & Weber, M. (2010a). Humor as character strength among the elderly: Theoretical considerations. Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie, 43(1), 8–12.
  • Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., & Weber, M. (2010b). Humor as a character strength among the elderly: Empirical findings on age-related changes and its contribution to satisfaction with life. Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie, 43(1), 13–18.
  • Ruvalcaba-Romero, N. A., Fernández-Berrocal, P., Salazar-Estrada, J. G., & Gallegos-Guajardo, J. (2017). Positive emotions, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and social support as mediators between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 9, 1–6.
  • Saffari, M., Amini, H., Sheykh-Oliya, Z., Pakpour, A. H., & Koenig, H. G. (2017). Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in pregnant women: A proper tool to assess spirituality related to mental health. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(6), 2222–2236.
  • Schutte, N., & Malouff, J. (2020). Connections between curiosity, flow and creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109555
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.
  • Senge, M. (1990). The leader’s new work: Building learning organizations. Sloan Management Review, 32(1), 7–23.
  • Sharma, I., & Upadhyaya, A. (2018). Impact of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence on learning with mediating effect of curiosity. SSRN Electronic Journal. Article 3308028. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3308028
  • Shenhav, A., Rand, D. G., & Greene, J. D. (2012). Divine intuition: Cognitive style influences belief in God. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 141(3), 423–428.
  • Sherkat, D. E. (2010). Religion and verbal ability. Social Science Research, 39(1), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.05.007
  • Silvia, P. J. (2008). Appraisal components and emotion traits: Examining the appraisal basis of trait curiosity. Cognition and Emotion, 22(1), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701298481
  • Silvia, P. J. (2005). What is interesting? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest. Emotion, 5(1), 89–102.
  • Smith, L., Jacob, L., Yakkundi, A., McDermott, D., Armstrong, N. C., Barnett, Y., López-Sánchez, G. F., Martin, S., Butler, L., & Tully, M. A. (2020). Correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression and mental wellbeing associated with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of UK-based respondents. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113138
  • Soósová, M. S., & Mauer, B. (2021). Psychometrics properties of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale in Slovak elderly. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), 563–575.
  • Spielberger, C. D., & Starr, L. M. (1994). Curiosity and exploratory behavior. In H. F. O’Neil & M. Drillings (Eds.), Motivation: Theory and research (pp. 221–243) Routledge.
  • Steinhauser, K. E., Fitchett, G., Handzo, G. F., Johnson, K. S., Koenig, H. G., Pargament, K. I., Puchalski, C. M., Sinclair, S., Taylor, E. J., & Balboni, T. A. (2017). State of the science of spirituality and palliative care research, Part I: Definitions, measurement, and outcomes. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 54(3), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.028
  • Streib, H., & Hood, R. W. (2016). Understanding “spirituality”—Conceptual considerations. In H. Streib & R. W. Hood (Eds.), Semantics and psychology of spirituality (pp. 3–17). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21245-6_1
  • Stroope, S., Kent, B. V., Zhang, Y., Kandula, N. R., Kanaya, A. M., & Shields, A. E. (2020). Self-rated religiosity/spirituality and four health outcomes among US South Asians: Findings from the study on stress, spirituality, and health. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 208(2), 165–168. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001128
  • Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_04
  • Underwood, L. G. (2011). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Overview and Results. Religions, 2(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010029
  • Veenhoven, R. (2015). The overall satisfaction with life: Subjective approaches. In W. Glatzer, L. Camfield, V. Møller, & M. Rojas (Eds.), Global handbook of quality of life. International handbooks of quality-of-life (pp. 207–238).Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9178-6_9
  • Velicer, W. F. (1978). Suppressor variables and the semipartial correlation coefficient. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38(4), 953–958. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447803800415
  • VIA Institute on Character. (2022). Curiosity. https://www.viacharacter.org/character-strengths/curiosity
  • Wang, K. T., Yuen, M., & Slaney, R. B. (2009). Perfectionism, depression, loneliness, and life satisfaction: A study of high school students in Hong Kong. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(2), 249–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008315975
  • Weathers, E., McCarthy, G., & Coffey, A. (2016). Concept analysis of spirituality: An evolutionary approach. Nursing Forum, 51(2), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12128
  • Widnall, E., Price, A., Trompetter, H., & Dunn, B. D. (2020). Routine cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression is more effective at repairing symptoms of psychopathology than enhancing wellbeing. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10041-y
  • Wu, R., Liu, Z., Guo, Q., Cai, M., & Zhou, J. (2020). Couple similarity on personality, moral identity and spirituality predict life satisfaction of spouses and their offspring. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(3), 1037–1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00108-8
  • Xiong, C., & Xu, Y. (2009). Reliability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale for Chinese demos—Chinese version. China Journal of Health Psychology, 17(8), 948–949.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.