Current advances in enhancement of wear and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys – a review

References

• M. N. Rahaman, A. Yao, B. S. Bal, J. P. Garino and M. D. Ries: ‘Ceramics for prosthetic hip and knee joint replacement’, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 90, 1965–1988, DOI:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01725.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. H. Teoh: ‘Fatigue of biomaterials: a review’, Int. J. Fatigue, 2000, 22, 825–837, DOI:10.1016/S0142-1123(00)00052-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. K. Balla, M. Das, S. Datta and B. Kundu, ‘Articulating biomaterials: surface engineering, tribology, and biocompatibility’, in ‘Processing Techniques and Tribological Behavior of Composite Materials’ (ed. R. Tyagi and J. P. Davim), 218–267; 2015, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, Engineering Science Reference. DOI:10.4018/978-1-4666-7530-8.ch009.
   Google Scholar
• D. W. Hoeppner and V. Chandrasekaran: ‘Fretting in orthopaedic implants: a review’, Wear, 1994, 173, 189–197, DOI:10.1016/0043-1648(94)90272-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Slonaker and T. Goswami: ‘Review of wear mechanisms in hip implants: paper II – ceramics IG004712’, Mater. Des., 2004, 25, 395–405, DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2003.11.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Sansone, D. Pagani and M. Melato: ‘The effects on bone cells of metal ions released from orthopaedic implants. A review’, Clin. Cases Miner. Bone Metab., 2013, 10, 34–40, DOI:10.11138/ccmbm/2013.10.1.034.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• S. Karimi, T. Nickchi and A. Alfantazi: ‘Effects of bovine serum albumin on the corrosion behaviour of AISI 316L, Co-28Cr-6Mo, and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in phosphate buffered saline solutions’, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53, (10), 3262–3272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. K. Shukla, R. Balasubramaniam and S. Bhargava: ‘Effect of replacement of V by Fe and Nb on passive film behavior of Ti–6Al–4V in simulated body fluid conditions’, J. Alloys Compd., 2005, 389, 144–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. K. Shukla, R. Balasubramaniam and S. Bhargava: ‘Properties of passive film formed on CP titanium, Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–13.4Al–29Nb alloys in simulated human body conditions’, Intermetallics, 2005, 13, 631–637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Chelariu, G. Bolat, J. Izquierdo, D. Mareci, D. M. Gordin, T. Gloriant and R. M. Souto: ‘Metastable beta Ti-Nb-Mo alloys with improved corrosion resistance in saline solution’, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 137, 280–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Y. Guo, J. Sun and J. S. Wu: ‘Electrochemical and XPS studies of corrosion behavior of Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–O alloy in Ringer’s solution’, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2009, 113, 816–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Karthega, V. Raman and N. Rajendran: ‘Influence of potential on the electrochemical behaviour of β titanium alloys in Hank’s solution’, Acta Biomaterialia, 2007, 3, 1019–1023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. A. Khan, R. L. Williams and D. F. Williams: ‘Conjoint corrosion and wear in titanium alloys’, Biomaterials 20 (1999) 765Ж772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Vasilescu, S. I. Drob, E. I. Neacsu and J. C. Mirza Rosca: ‘Surface analysis and corrosion resistance of a new titanium base alloy in simulated body fluids’, Corros. Sci., 2012, 65, 431–440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Y. Zheng, F. L. Nie, Y. F. Zheng, Y. Cheng, S. C. Wei and R. Z. Valiev: ‘Enhanced in vitro biocompatibility of ultrafine-grained titanium with hierarchical porous surface’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257, (13), 5634–5640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Maleki-Ghaleh, K. Hajizadeh, A. Hadjizadeh, M. S. Shakeri, S. Ghobadi Alamdari, S. Masoudfar, E. Aghaie, M. Javidi, J. Zdunek and K. J. Kurzydlowski: ‘Electrochemical and cellular behavior of ultrafine-grained titanium in vitro’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2014, 39, (1), 299–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Huang and Y. Han: ‘The effect of SMAT-induced grain refinement and dislocations on the corrosion behavior of Ti-25Nb-3Mo-3Zr-2Sn alloy’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2013, 33, (4), 2353–2359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Aziz-Kerrzo, K. G. Conroy, A. M. Fenelon, S. T. Farrell and C. B. Breslin: ‘Electrochemical studies on the stability and corrosion resistance of titanium-based implant materials,’ Biomaterials, 2001, 22, (12), 1531–1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Buford and T. Goswami: ‘Review of wear mechanisms in hip implants: paper I – general’, Mater. Des., 2004, 25, 385–393, DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2003.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. P. Schmalzried and J. J. Callaghan: ‘Wear in total hip and knee replacements’, J. Bone Jt. Surg., 1999, 81A, 115–136, Massachusetts.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Affatato and D. Brando: ‘Wear of orthopaedic implants and artificial joints, wear of orthopaedic implants and artificial joints; 3–26, 2013, Elsevier. DOI:10.1533/9780857096128.1.3.
   Google Scholar
• S. Affatato, M. Spinelli, M. Zavalloni, C. Mazzega-Fabbro and M. Viceconti, ‘Tribology and total hip joint replacement: current concepts in mechanical simulation’, Med. Eng. Phys, 2008, 30, 1305–1317. DOI:10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. J. Callaghan, D. R. Pedersen, J. P. Olejniczak, D. D. Goetz and R. C. Johnston: ‘Radiographic measurement of wear in 5 cohorts of patients observed for 5 to 22 years’, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 1995, 14–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. M. Jones, I. M. Pinder, C. G. Moran and A. J. Malcolm: ‘Polyethylene wear in uncemented knee replacements’, J Bone Jt. Surg. Br., 1992, 74, 18–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A. V. Lombardi, T. H. Mallory, B. K. Vaughn and P. Drouillard: ‘Aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasty secondary to osteolysis induced by wear debris from titanium-alloy modular femoral heads’, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 1989, 71, 1337–1342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. J. Hallab and J. J. Jacobs: ‘Biologic effects of implant debris’, Bull. NYU Hosp. Jt. Dis., 2009, 67, 182–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• K. Aniołek, M. Kupka and A. Barylski: ‘Sliding wear resistance of oxide layers formed on a titanium surface during thermal oxidation’, Wear, 2016, 356–357, 23–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.-S. Lee, M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, K. Narita and K. Cho: ‘Predominant factor determining wear properties of β-type and (α\xFEβ)-type titanium alloys in metal-to-metal contact for biomedical applications’, journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2015, 41, 208–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.-W. Chan, S. Lee, G. Smith, G. Sarri, C.-H. Ng, A. Sharb and H.-C. Man: ‘Enhancement of wear and corrosion resistance of beta titanium alloy by laser gas alloying with nitrogen’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2016, 367, 80–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Pawlak, K. J. Kubiak, B. G. Wendler and T. G. Mathia: ‘Wear resistant multilayer nanocomposite WC1_x/C coating on Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy’, Tribol. Int., 2015, 82, 400–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Lee, A. Sanders and N. Tikekar, K. S. Ravi Chandran: ‘Tribology of titanium boride-coated titanium balls against alumina ceramic: wear, friction, and micromechanisms’, Wear, 2008, 265, 375–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. Wang, P.-Z. Zhang, D.-B. Wei, X.-H. Chen, R.-N. Wang, H.-Y. Wang and K.-T. Feng: ‘Microstructure and sliding wear behavior of pure titanium surface modified by double-glow plasma surface alloying with Nb’, Mater. Design, 2013, 52, 265–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Cassar and J. C. Avelar-Batista Wilson, S. Banfield, J. Housden, A. Matthews, A. Leyland: ‘A study of the reciprocating-sliding wear performance of plasma surface treated titanium alloy’, Wear, 2010, 269, 60–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Jemmely, S. Mischler and D. Landolt: ‘Tribocorrosion behaviour of Fe-17Cr stainless steel in acid and alkaline solutions’, Tribol. Int., 1999, 32, 295–303, DOI:10.1016/S0301-679X(99)00051-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Iwabuchi, J. W. Lee and M. Uchidate: ‘Synergistic effect of fretting wear and sliding wear of Co-alloy and Ti-alloy in Hanks’ solution’, Wear, 2007, 263, 492–500, DOI:10.1016/j.wear.2007.01.102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Jiang, M. M. Stack and A. Neville: ‘Modelling the tribo-corrosion interaction in aqueous sliding conditions’, Tribol. Int., 2002, 669–679, DOI:10.1016/S0301-679X(02)00058-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. W. Chan, J. D. Bobyn, J. B. Medley, J. J. Krygier and M. Tanzer: ‘The Otto Aufranc Award. Wear and lubrication of metal-on-metal hip implants’, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 1999, 10–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. N. Jolley, E. A. Salvati and G. C. Brown: ‘Early results and complications of surface replacement of the hip’, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 1982, 64, 366–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U. Kamachimudali, T. M. Sridhar and B. Raj: ‘Corrosion of bio implants’, Sadhana, 2003, 28, 601–637, DOI:10.1007/BF02706450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. M. Urban, J. J. Jacobs, M. J. Tomlinson, J. Gavrilovic, J. Black and M. Peoc’h: ‘Dissemination of wear particles to the liver, spleen, and abdominal lymph nodes of patients with hip or knee replacement’, J. Bone Jt. Surg Am., 2000, 82-A, 457–476.
   Google Scholar
• K. J. Waldron, J. C. Rutherford, D. Ford and N. J. Robinson: ‘Metalloproteins and metal sensing’, Nature, 2009, 460, 823–830, DOI:10.1038/nature08300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. J. Jacobs, N. J. Hallab, R. M. Urban, M. A. Wimmer: ‘Wear particles’, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 2006, 88, (Suppl 2), 99–102, DOI:10.2106/JBJS.F.00102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Martin, M. Azzi, G. A. Salishchev and J. Szpunar: ‘Influence of microstructure and texture on the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V’, Tribol. Int., 2010, 43, (5–6), 918–924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Hacisalihoglu, A. Samancioglu, F. Yildiz, G. Purcek and A. Alsaran: ‘Tribocorrosion properties of different type titanium alloys in simulated body fluid’, Wear, 2015, 332–333, 679–686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. S. More, N. Diomidis, S. N. Paul, M. Roy and S. Mischler: ‘Tribocorrosion behavior of β titanium alloys in physiological solutions containing synovial components’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2011, 31, (2), 400–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. G. Pina, A. Dalmau, F. Devesa, V. Amigó and A. I. Muñoz: ‘Tribocorrosion behavior of beta titanium biomedical alloys in phosphate buffer saline solution’, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 46, 59–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Rodrigues, P. Valderrama, T. Wilson, K. Palmer, A. Thomas, S. Sridhar, A. Adapalli, M. Burbano and C. Wadhwani: ‘Titanium corrosion mechanisms in the oral environment: a retrieval study’, Materials (Basel)., 2013, 6, 5258–5274, DOI:10.3390/ma6115258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Diomidis, S. Mischler, N. S. More, M. Roy: ‘Tribo-electrochemical characterization of metallic biomaterials for total joint replacement’, Acta Biomater., 2012, 8, 852–859. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.09.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. T. Mathew, P. Srinivasa Pai, R. Pourzal, A. Fischer and M. A. Wimmer, 2009. Significance of tribocorrosion in biomedical applications: overview and current status. Adv. Tribol., 2009, 12 p. DOI:10.1155/2009/250986.
   Google Scholar
• M. T. Mathew and M. A. Wimmer: ‘Bio-tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants, bio-tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants’; 2013, London, Elsevier. DOI:10.1533/9780857098603.3.341.
   Google Scholar
• D. Durgalakshmi, M. Chandran, G. Manivasagam, M. S. Ramachandra Rao and R. Asokamani: ‘Studies on corrosion and wear behavior of submicrometric diamond coated Ti alloys’, Tribol. Int., 2013, 63, 132–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Lee, E. Mathew, S. Rajaraman, G. Manivasagam, A. K. Singh and C. S. Lee: ‘Tribological and corrosion behaviors of warmand hot-rolled Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys in simulated body fluid conditions’, Int. J. Nanomed., 2015, 10 (Suppl 1), 207–212, DOI:10.2147/IJN.S79996.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• L. Mohan, D. Durgalakshmi, M. Geetha, T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan and R. Asokamani: ‘Electrophoretic deposition of nanocomposite (HAp + TiO2) on titanium alloy for biomedical applications’, Ceram. Int., 2012, 38, 3435–3443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Richard, C. Kowandy, J. Landoulsi, M. Geetha and H. Ramasawmy: ‘Corrosion and wear behavior of thermally sprayed nano ceramic coatings on commercially pure Titanium and Ti–13Nb–13Zr substrates’, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2010, 28, 115–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Sathish, M. Geetha, N. D. Pandey, C. Richard and R. Asokamani: ‘Studies on the corrosion and wear behavior of the laser nitrided biomedical titanium and its alloys’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2010, 30, 376–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. P. Gurao, Geetha Manivasagam, P. Govindaraj, R. Asokamani, Satyam Suwas: ‘Effect of texture and grain size on bio-corrosion response of ultrafine-grained titanium’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, Dec. 2013, 44A, 5602–5610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. C. Lavos-Valereto: ‘The electrochemical behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with and without plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating in Hank’s solution’, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. : Part A, 2002, 63 (5), 664–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. C. Yanhong Gu: ‘Corrosion behavior and mechanism of MAO coated Ti6Al4V with a grain-fined surface layer’, J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 664, 770–776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. X. Linlin Liu: ‘Electrochemical corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline β-Ta coating for biomedical applications’, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2016, 2, (4), 579–594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. T. Kwok and P. K. Wong: ‘Characterization and corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti6Al4V fabricated by electrophoretic deposition’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, 6736–6744.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. V. Silviu Iulian Drob: ‘Corrosion behaviour of nitrogen-implantation Ti-Ta-Nb alloy in physiological solutions simulating real conditions from human body’, JOM, 2015, 67 (4), 818–829.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. P. Peiyun Yi: ‘Multilayered TiAlN films on Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating process’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2016, 59, 669–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Subramanian, C. V. Muraleedharan: ‘A comparative study of titanium nitride (TiN), titanium oxy nitride (TiON) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), as surface coatings for bio implants’, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, 205, 5014–5020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. M. Fekry: ‘Electrochemical behavior of a novel nano-composite coat on Ti alloy in phosphate buffer solution for biomedical applications’, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, (24), 20276–20285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Ma and C. Z. Wang ‘Pulsed laser deposition of magnesium-containing bioactive glass film on porous Ti-6Al-4V substrate pretreated by micro-arc oxidation’, Vacuum, 2016, 125, 48–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Rahmati and A. A. Sarhan ‘Ceramic tantalum oxide thin film coating to enhance the corrosion and wear characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy’, J. Alloys Compd., 2016, DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Montazeri and C. D. Dehghanian: ‘Investigation of the voltage and time effects on the formation of hydroxyapatite-containing titania prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation on Ti–6Al–4V alloy and its corrosion behavior’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257, 7268–7275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Starosvetsky and I. Gotman ‘Corrosion behavior of titanium nitride coated Ni-Ti shape memory surgical alloy’, Biomaterials, 2001, 22, 1853–1859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. J. Bai and Y. B. Wang. ‘Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of Ti–Nb and TMA alloys for dental application in various artificial solutions’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2011, 31, 702–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Cvijovic-Alagic, Z. C. ‘Wear and corrosion behaviour of Ti–13Nb–13Zr and Ti–6Al–4V alloys in simulated physiological solution’, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53, 796–808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Perumal, M. Geetha, R. Asokamani and N. Alagumurthi: ‘Wear studies on plasma sprayed Al2O3–40 wt% 8YSZ composite ceramic coating on Ti–6Al–4V alloy used for biomedical applications’, Wear, 2014, 311, 101–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Sathish, M. Geetha, S. T. Aruna, N. Balaji, K. S. Rajam and R. Asokamani: ‘Sliding wear behavior of plasma sprayed nanoceramic coatings for biomedical applications’, Wear, 2011, 271, 934–941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. A. Obadele, A. Andrews, M. T. Mathew, P. A. Olubambi and S. Pityana: ‘Improving the tribocorrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V surface by laser surface cladding with TiNiZrO2 composite coating’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 345, 99–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Fazel, H. R. Salimijazi, M. A. Golozar and M. R. Garsivaz Jazi: ‘A comparison of corrosion, tribocorrosion and electrochemical impedance properties of pure Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy treated by micro-arc oxidation process’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 324, 751–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. Runa, M. T. Mathew and L. A. Rocha: ‘Tribocorrosion response of the Ti6Al4V alloys commonly used in femoral stems’, Tribol. Int., 2013, 68, 85–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Bayón, A. Igartua, J. J. González and U. Ruiz de Gopegui: ‘Influence of the carbon content on the corrosion and tribocorrosion performance of Ti-DLC coatings for biomedical alloys’, Tribol. Int., 2015, 88, 115–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Yan, Y. Zhang, Q. Wang, H. Du and L. Qiao: ‘Effect of povidone-iodine deposition on tribocorrosion and antibacterial properties of titanium alloy’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 363, 432–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. G. Oliveira, A. R. Ribeiro, G. Perez, B. S. Archanjo, C. P. Gouvea, J. R. Araújo, A. P. C. Campos, A. Kuznetsov, C. M. Almeida, M. M. Maru, C. A. Achete, P. Ponthiaux, J. P. Celis and L. A. Rocha, ‘Understanding growth mechanisms and tribocorrosion behaviour of porous TiO2 anodic films containing calcium, phosphorous and magnesium’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 341, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. S. De Viteri, R. Bayón, A. Igartua, G. Barandika, J. E. Moreno, C. P. Peremarch and M. M. Pérez: ‘Applied Surface Science Structure, tribocorrosion and biocide characterization of Ca, P and I containing TiO 2 coatings developed by plasma electrolytic oxidation’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2016, 367, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. C. Fernandes and F. Vaz. ‘Tribocorrosion behaviour of plasma nitrided and plasma nitrided+oxidised Ti6Al4V alloy’, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 2006, 6218–6224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Das, K. Bhattacharya, S. A. Dittrick, and C. Mandal, ‘Author ‘ s personal copy In situ synthesized TiB – TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite coatings : microstructure, tribological and in vitro biocompatibility’, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2014, 29, 259–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. S. de Viteri: ‘Development of Ti–C–N coatings with improved tribological behavior and antibacterial properties’, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2016, 55, 75–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Sampaio, M. Buciumeanu, B. Henriques, F. S. Silva, J. C. M. Souza and J. R. Gomes: ‘Tribocorrosion behavior of veneering biomedical PEEK to Ti6Al4V structures’, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2016, 54, 123–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. G. Pina: ‘Tribocorrosion behavior of beta titanium biomedical alloys in phosphate buffer saline solution’, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 46, 59–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ç. Albayrak. ‘Tribocorrosion behavior of duplex treated pure titaniumin simulated body fluid’, Wear, 2013, 302, 1642–1648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Ghosh, D. Choudhury, T. Roy, A. Bin Mamat, H. H. Masjuki and B. Pingguan-Murphy: ‘Tribological investigation of diamond-like carbon coated micro-dimpled surface under bovine serum and osteoarthritis oriented synovial fluid’, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2015, 16, (3), 1–11, 035002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar