Comparison of range of motion during the cervical flexion rotation versus the side-bending rotation test in individuals with and without hyperlaxity

References

• Becker WJ. Cervicogenic headache: evidence that the neck is a pain generator. Headache. 2010;50(4):699–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biondi DM. Cervicogenic headache: a review of diagnostic and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005;105(4_suppl):16S–22S.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antonaci F, Ghirmai S, Bono G, et al. Cervicogenic headache: evaluation of the original diagnostic criteria. Cephalalgia. 2001;21(5):573–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldeman S, Dagenais S. Cervicogenic headaches. Spine J. 2001;1(1):31–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall T, Robinson K. The flexion–rotation test and active cervical mobility—A comparative measurement study in cervicogenic headache. Man Ther. 2004;9(4):197–202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall TM, Robinson KW, Fujinawa O, et al. Intertester reliability and diagnostic validity of the cervical flexion-rotation test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31(4):293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogince M, Hall T, Robinson K, et al. The diagnostic validity of the cervical flexion–rotation test in C1/2-related cervicogenic headache. Man Ther. 2007;12(3):256–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dvorák J. Epidemiology, physical examination, and neurodiagnostics. Spine. 1998;23(24):2663–2672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takasaki H, Hall T, Oshiro S, et al. Normal kinematics of the upper cervical spine during the Flexion–rotation Test – in vivo measurements using magnetic resonance imaging. Man Ther. 2011;16(2):167–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dvorak J, Hayek J, Zehnder R. CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of the upper cervical spine. Part 2. An evaluation on healthy adults and patients with suspected instability. Spine. 1987;12(8):726–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvorak J, Panjabi M, Gerber M, et al. CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of upper cervical spine. 1. An experimental study on cadavers. Spine. 1987;12(3):197–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi MM, Dvorak J, Duranceau J, et al. editors. Three dimensional movements of the upper cervical spine. In Biostereometrics 88. International Society for Optics and Photonics; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the upper cervical spine in rotation: in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine. 2004;29(7):E139–E144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem W, Lenders C, Mathieu J, et al. In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine during maximal axial rotation. Man Ther. 2013;18(4):339–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith K, Hall T, Robinson K. The influence of age, gender, lifestyle factors and sub-clinical neck pain on the cervical flexion–rotation test and cervical range of motion. Man Ther. 2008;13(6):552–559.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hakim A, Grahame R. Joint hypermobility. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17(6):989–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahame R. The revised (Brighton 1998) criteria for the diagnosis of benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS). J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1777–1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beighton P, Horan F. Orthopaedic aspects of the ehlers danlos syndrome. Bone Joint J. 1969;51(3):444–453.
   Google Scholar
• Remvig L, Jensen DV, Ward RC. Are diagnostic criteria for general joint hypermobility and benign joint hypermobility syndrome based on reproducible and valid tests? A review of the literature. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(4):798–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Rawi Z, Al-Aszawi A, Al-Chalabi T. Joint mobility among university students in Iraq. Rheumatology. 1985;24(4):326–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pountain G. Musculoskeletal pain in Omanis, and the relationship to joint mobility and body mass index. Rheumatology. 1992;31(2):81–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook C, Hegedus E, Showalter C, et al. Coupling behavior of the cervical spine: a systematic review of the literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;29(7):570–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogduk N, Mercer S. Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: normal kinematics. Clin Biomech. 2000;15(9):633–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons P, Tehan P. Spinal manipulation: indications, risks and benefits. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2001;5(2):110–119.
   Google Scholar
• Mimura M, Moriya H, Watanabe T, et al. Three-dimensional motion analysis of the cervical spine with special reference to the axial rotation. Spine. 1989;14(11):1135–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creighton DS, Viti J, Krauss J. Use of translatoric mobilization in a patient with cervical spondylotic degeneration: a case report. J Man Manip Ther. 2005;13(1):12–26.
   Google Scholar
• Kaltenborn F, Evjenth O. Manual mobilization of the joints: the Kaltenborn method of joint examination and treatment. Vol. II. 5th ed. The spine. Oslo: Norli; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Levangie PK, Norkin CC. Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Bes A, Kunkel R, Lance JW, et al. The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013 Jul;33(9):629–808. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss J, Creighton D, Ely JD, et al. The immediate effects of upper thoracic translatoric spinal manipulation on cervical pain and range of motion: a randomized clinical trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2008;16(2):93–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoving JL, Pool JJ, van Mameren H, et al. Reproducibility of cervical range of motion in patients with neck pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005;6(1):59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sim J, Lewis M. The size of a pilot study for a clinical trial should be calculated in relation to considerations of precision and efficiency. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012;65(3):301–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallal J 1997. [Cited February 21, 2017] Available from: www.tufts.edu/~gdallal/SIZE.HTM
   Google Scholar
• Youdas JW, Carey JR, Garrett TR. Reliability of measurements of cervical spine range of motion—comparison of three methods. Phys Ther. 1991;71(2):98–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdosik RL, Bohannon RW. Clinical measurement of range of motion review of goniometry emphasizing reliability and validity. Phys Ther. 1987;67(12):1867–1872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadir N, Grayson MF, Goldberg AAJ, et al. A New Neck Goniometer. Rheumatology. 1981;20(4):219–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucci SM, Hicks JE, Gross EG, et al. Cervical motion assessment: a new, simple and accurate method. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67(4):225–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey MA, Laird DE, Murray KA, et al. Reliability, validity, and clinical usability of a digital goniometer. Work. 2010;36(1):55–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Ames CP, Blondel B, Scheer JK, et al. Cervical radiographical alignment: comprehensive assessment techniques and potential importance in cervical myelopathy. Spine. 2013;38(22S):S149–S160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smits-Engelsman B, Klerks M, Kirby A. Beighton score: a valid measure for generalized hypermobility in children. J Pediatr. 2011;158(1):119–123. e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley RP, Kimber P, Culham E. The effect of initial head position on active cervical axial rotation range of motion in two age populations. Spine. 1996;21(21):2435–2442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattrysse E, Baeyens JP, Clarys JP, et al. Manual fixation versus locking during upper cervical segmental mobilization. Part 2: an in vitro three-dimensional arthrokinematic analysis of manual axial rotation and lateral bending mobilization of the atlanto-axial joint. Man Ther. 2007 Nov 1;12(4):353–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ, Vasavada A, et al. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load–displacement curves. Spine. 2001 Dec 15;26(24):2692–2700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penning L. Normal movements of the cervical spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978 Feb 1;130(2):317–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar