REFERENCES
- Wolraich M. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the most studied and yet the most controversial diagnosis. Mental Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 1999; 5: 163–8
- Williams J, Klinepeter K, Palmes G, Pulley A, Foy J. Diagnosis and treatment of behavioral health disorders in pediatric practice. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 601–6
- Rappley M. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 165–73
- Zuvekas S, Vitiello B, Norquist G. Recent trends in stimulant medication use among U.S. children. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 579–85
- Bhatara V, Feil M, Hoagwood K, Vitiello B, Zima B. National trends in concomitant psychotropic medication with stimulants in pediatric visits: practice versus knowledge. J Atten Disord 2004; 7: 217–26
- Robison L, Sclar D, Skaer T. Datapoints: trends in ADHD and stimulant use among adults, 1995–2002. Psychiatric Serv 2005; 56: 1497
- Thomas C, Conrad P, Casler R, Goodman E. Trends in the use of psychotropic medications among adolescents, 1994 to 2001. Psychiatric Serv 2006; 57: 63–9
- Olfson M, Gameroff M, Marcus S, Jensen P. National trends in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1071–7
- Eberstadt M. Why Ritalin rules. Policy Rev 1999; 94: 24–44
- Chiarello R, Cole J. The use of psychostimulants in general psychiatry: a reconsideration. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 286–95
- Bradley C. The behavior of children receiving Benzedrine. Am J Psychiatry 1937; 94: 577–8
- Barkley R. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford, New York 1990
- Swanson J, Lerner M, Williams L. More frequent diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 944
- Schneider H, Eisenberg D. Who receives a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United States elementary school population?. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 601–9
- Spencer T, Biederman J, Mick E. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Ambul Pediatr 2007; 7: 73–81
- Visser S, Lesesne C, Perou R. National estimates and factors associated with medication treatment for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics Suppl 2007; 119: S99–106
- Centers f or. Disease Control and Prevention. Mental health in the United States: prevalence of diagnosis and medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005; 54: 842–7
- Scotch R. Politics and policy in the history of the disability rights movement. Milbank Q 1989; 67: 380–400
- Sommer R. Family advocacy and the mental health system: the recent rise of the alliance for the mentally ill. Psychiatric Q 1990; 61: 205–21
- Tomes N. The patient as a policy factor: a historical case study of the consumer/survivor movement in mental health. Health Aff 2006; 25: 720–9
- McLean A. Empowerment and the psychiatric consumer/ex-patient movement in the United States: contradictions, crisis and change. Soc Sci Med 1995; 40: 1053–71
- Hatfield A. The national alliance for the mentally ill: a decade later. Community Ment Health J 1991; 27: 95–103
- Minow M, Weissbourd R. Social movements for children. Daedalus 1993; 122: 1–29
- Pfeiffer D. Overview of the disability movement: history, legislative record, and political implications. Policy Stud J 1993; 21: 724–34
- Perrin J, Kuhlthau K, McLaughlin T, Ettner S, Gortmaker S. Changing patterns of conditions among children receiving supplemental security income disability benefits. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 80–4
- Reid R, Maag J, Vasa S. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a disability category: a critique. Exceptional Child 1994; 60: 198–214
- Hickey K, Lyckholm L. Child welfare versus parental autonomy: medical ethics, the law, and faith-based healing. Theor Med Bioeth 2004; 25: 265–76
- Kuther T. Medical decision-making and minors: issues of consent and assent. Adolescence 2003; 38: 343–58
- Sherer D. The capacities of minors to exercise voluntariness in medical treatment decisions. Law Hum Behav 1991; 15: 431–49
- Goldman L, Genel M, Bezman R, Slanetz P. Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA 1998; 279: 1100–7
- Sax L, Kautz K. Who first suggests the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?. Ann Fam Med 2003; 1: 171–4
- DuPaul G, Stoner G. ADHD in schools: assessment and intervention strategies. Guilford, New York 2003
- Stein M, Marx N, Beard J, et al. ADHD: The diagnostic process from different perspectives. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 53–8
- Biederman J, Faraone S, Monuteaux M, Grossbard J. How informative are parent reports of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms for assessing outcome in clinical trials of long-acting treatments? a pooled analysis of parents' and teachers' reports. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 1667–71
- Biederman J, Gao H, Rogers A, Spencer T. Comparison of parent and teacher reports of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms from two placebo-controlled studies of atomoxetine in children. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 1106–10
- Havey J, Olson J, McCormick C, Cates G. Teachers' perceptions of the incidence and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Appl Neuropsychol 2005; 12: 120–7
- Sleator E, Ullmann R. Can the physician diagnose hyperactivity in the office?. Pediatrics 1981; 67: 13–7
- Johnson T. Evaluating the hyperactive child in your office: is it ADHD?. Am Fam Physician 1997; 56: 155–70
- Luhrmann T. Of two minds: the growing disorder in American psychiatry. Vintage, New York 2001
- Buitelaar J, Rothenberger A. Foreword—ADHD in the scientific and political context. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Suppl 2004; 13: 11–6
- Hick H, Kaye J, Black C. Incidence and prevalence of drug-treated attention deficit disorder among boys in the UK. Br J Gen Pract 2004; 54: 345–7
- Jensen P. Interview for PBS Frontline's “Medicating Kids.”. September 12, 2000, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/interviews/jensen.html
- Rohde L, Szobot C, Polanczyk G, Schmitz M, Martins S, Tramontina S. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse culture: do research and clinical findings support the notion of a cultural construct for the disorder?. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1436–41
- Faraone S, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, Biederman J. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?. World Psychiatry 2003; 2: 104–13
- Polanczyk G, de Lima M, Horta B, Biederman J, Rohde L. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164: 942–8
- Hinshaw S, Cicchetti D. Stigma and mental disorders: conceptions of illness, public attitudes, personal disclosure, and social policy. Dev Psychopathol 2000; 12: 555–98
- Bussing R, Schoenberg N, Perwien A. Knowledge and information about ADHD: evidence of cultural differences among african-american and white parents. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46: 919–28
- McLeod J, Fettes D, Jensen P, Pescosolido B, Martin J. Public knowledge, beliefs, and treatment preferences concerning attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Serv 2007; 58: 626–31
- Good B. Studying mental illness in context: local, global or universal?. Ethos 1997; 25: 230–48
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., text rev. APA, Washington, DC 2000
- Applegate B, Lahey B, Hart E, et al. Validity of the age-of-onset criterion for ADHD: a report of the DSM-IV field trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1211–21
- Barkley R, Edelbrock C. Assessing situational variation in children's behavior problems: the home and school situations questionnaires. Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families, R Prinz. JAI, Greenwich, CT 1987; 157–76
- Altpeter T, Breen M. Situational variation in problem behavior at home and school in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a factor analytic study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1992; 33: 741–8
- DuPaul G, Barkley R. Situational variability of attention problems: psychometric properties of the revised home and school situations questionnaires. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 1992; 21: 178–88
- Anastopoulos A, Shelton T. Assessing attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York 2001
- Cantwell D. Attention deficit disorder: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35: 978–87
- Loeber R, Green S, Lahey B, Christ M, Frick P. Developmental sequences in the age of onset of disruptive child behaviors. J Child Fam Stud 1992; 1: 21–41
- Szatmari P, Bartolucci G, Bremner R, Bond S, Rich S. A follow-up study of high-functioning autistic children. J. Autism Dev Disord 1989; 19: 213–25
- Hart E, Lahey B, Loeber R, Applegate B, Frick P. Developmental changes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys: a four-year longitudinal study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1995; 23: 729–50
- Gittelman R, Mannuzza S, Shenker R, Bonagura N. Hyperactive boys almost grown up: I. Psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985; 42: 937–47
- Mannuzza S, Klein R, Bonagura N, Malloy P, Giampino T, Addalli K. Hyperactive boys almost grown up: V. Replication of psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48: 77–83
- Claude D, Firestone P. The development of ADHD boys: a 12-year follow-up. Can J Behav Sci 1995; 27: 226–49
- Barkley R, Fischer M, Smallish L, Fletcher K. The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 2002; 111: 279–89
- Molina B, Pelham W. Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with adhd. J Abnorm Psychol 2003; 112: 497–507
- Biederman J, Faraone S, Milberger S, et al. A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53: 437–46
- Kessler R, Adler L, Barkley R, et al. Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1442–51
- Barkley R, Fischer M, Edelbrock C, Smallish L. The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29: 546–57
- Bagwell C, Molina B, Pelham W, Hoza B. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and problems in peer relations: predictions from childhood to adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1285–92
- Fischer M, Barkley R, Smallish L, Fletcher K. Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: self-reported psychiatric disorders, comorbidity, and the role of childhood conduct problems and teen CD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2002; 30: 463–75
- Mannuzza S, Klein R, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult outcome of hyperactive boys: educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 565–76
- Mannuzza S, Klein R, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 493–8
- Bagwell C, Molina B, Kashdan T, Pelham W. W., Hoza B. Anxiety and mood disorders in adolescents with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Emotional Behav Disord 2006; 14: 178–87
- McDaniel K. Pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. Clin Pediatr 1986; 25: 65–71
- Biederman J, Jellinek M. Current concepts: psychopharmacology in children. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 968–72
- Safer D. Broader clinical considerations in child psychopharmacology practice. Compr Psychiatry 1983; 24: 567–73
- Still G. The Goulstonian lectures on some abnormal psychical conditions in children. Lancet 1902; 1: 1008–12; 1079–82; 1163–7
- Michels R, Marzuk P. Progress in psychiatry (1) & (2). N Engl Med 1993; 329: 552–60; 628–38
- Rafalovich A. The conceptual history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: idiocy, imbecility, encephalitis and the child deviant, 1877–1929. Deviant Behav 2001; 22: 93–115
- Sperber M. Short-sheeting the psychiatric bed: state-level strategies to curtail the unnecessary hospitalization of adolescents in for-profit mental health facilities. Am J Law Med 1992; 18: 251–76
- Lock J, Strauss G. Psychiatric hospitalization of adolescents for conduct disorder. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994; 45: 925–8
- Weithorn L. Mental hospitalization of troublesome youth: an analysis of skyrocketing admission rates. Stanford Law Rev 1988; 40: 773–838
- Appelbaum S. Admitting children to psychiatric hospitals: a controversy revived. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1989; 40: 334–5
- IMS Health. National disease and therapeutic index. IMS Health, Norwalk, CT 1980, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1990
- Mihalik G, Scherer M. Fundamental mechanisms of managed behavioral health. J Health Care Finance 1998; 24: 1–15
- Staton D. Psychiatry's future: facing reality. Psychiatr Q 1991; 62: 165–76
- Perrin J, Kuhlthau K, McLaughlin T, Ettner S, Gortmaker S. Changing patterns of conditions among children receiving supplemental security income disability benefits. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 80–4
- Reid R, Maag J, Vasa S. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a disability category: a critique. Exceptional Child 1993; 60: 198–214
- Dubay L, Kenney G. The effects of medicaid expansions on insurance coverage of children. Future Child 1996; 6: 152–61
- Kronebusch K. Medicaid for children: federal mandates, welfare reform, and policy backsliding. Health Aff 2001; 20: 97–111
- Cuellar A, Markowitz S. Medicaid policy changes in mental health care and their effect on mental health outcomes. Health Econ Policy Law 2007; 2: 23–8
- Tomes N. The patient as a policy factor: a historical case study of the consumer/survivor movement in mental health. Health Aff 2006; 25: 720–9
- Perrin J. Health services research for children with disabilities. Milbank Q 2002; 80: 303–24
- Safer D, Krager J. The increased rate of stimulant treatment for hyperactive/inattentive students in secondary schools. Pediatrics 1994; 94: 462–4
- Gibbs N. The age of Ritalin. Time Nov, 1998; 30: 89–96
- Adesman A. “Does my child need Ritalin?. Newsweek Apr 24, 2000; 81
- Breggin P. Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA 1999; 281: 1490–1
- Marshall E. Epidemiology: Duke study faults overuse of stimulants for children. Science 2000; 289: 721
- Milne C. Pediatric research: coming of age in the new millennium. Am J Ther 1999; 6: 263–82
- Vitiello B. Psychopharmacology for young children: clinical needs and research opportunities. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 983–9
- Benedetto V, Heiligenstein J, Riddle M, Greenhill L, Fegert J. The interface between publicly funded and industry-funded research in pediatric psychopharmacology: opportunities for integration and collaboration. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56: 3–9
- Stein M. Innovations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy: long-acting stimulant and nonstimulant Treatments. Am J Manag Care Suppl 2004; 10: S89–98
- Lopez F. ADHD: new pharmacological treatments on the horizon. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2006; 27: 410–6
- Campbell A. Consent, competence, and confidentiality related to psychiatric conditions in adolescent medicine practice. Adolesc Med Clin 2006; 17: 25–47
- Gross J. Checklist for camp: bug spray, sunscreen, pills. NY Times July 16, 2006; 1
- Bokhari F, Mayes R, Scheffler R. An analysis of the significant variation in stimulant use across the U.S. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005; 14: 267–75
- Cox E, Motheral B, Henderson R, Mager D. Geographic variation in the prevalence of stimulant medication use among children 5 to 14 years old: results from a commercially insured US sample. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 237–43
- Angold A, Erkanli A, Egger H, Costello J. Stimulant treatment for children: a community perspective. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39: 975–84
- Jensen P, Kettle L, Roper M, et al. Are stimulants overprescribed? Treatment of ADHD in four U.S. communities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38: 797–804
- Kwasman A, Tinsley B, Lepper H. Pediatricians' knowledge and attitudes concerning diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders: a national survey approach. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149: 1211–6
- Williams J, Klinepeter K, Palmes G, Pulley A, Foy J. Diagnosis and treatment of behavioral health disorders in pediatric practice. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 601–6
- Rushton J, Fant K, Clark S. Use of practice guidelines in the primary care of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 23–8
- Culpepper L. Primary care treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry Suppl 2006; 67: 51–8
- Zito J, Safer D, dosReis S, Magder L, Gardner J, Zarin D. Psychotherapeutic medication patterns for youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 1257–63
- Pellegrini A, Horvat M. A developmental contextualist critique of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Educ Res 1995; 24: 13–9
- Jensen P, Mrazek D, Knapp P, et al. Evolution and revolution in child psychiatry: ADHD as a disorder of adaptation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1672–81
- Rowland A, Umbach D, Catoe K, et al. Studying the epidemiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: screening method and pilot results. Can J Psychiatry 2001; 46: 931–40
- Jensen P S. Epidemiological research on ADHD: what we know and what we need to learn. Paper presented at conference. “ADHD: A Public Health Perspective,” cosponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Education. September, 1999, At http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/confepi.htm
- Guevara J, Lozano P, Wickizer T, Mell L, Gephart H. Psychotropic medication use in a population of children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 733–9
- Rapoport J, Buchsbaum M, Zahn T, Weingartner H, Ludlow C, Mikkelsen J. Dextroamphetamine: cognitive and behavioral effects on normal prepubertal boys. Science 1978; 199: 560–3
- Rapoport J, Buchsbaum M, Weingartner H, Zahn T, Ludlow C, Mikkelsen E. Dextroamphetamine: the cognitive and behavioral effects in normal and hyperactive boys and normal men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37: 933–43
- Zahn T, Rapoport J, Thompson C. Autonomic and behavioral effects of dextroamphetamine and placebo in normal and hyperactive prepubertal boys. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1980; 8: 145–60
- Safer D. Are stimulants overprescribed for youths with ADHD?. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2000; 12: 55–62
- Olfson M, Marcus S, Weissman M, Jensen P. National trends in the use of psychotropic medications by children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41: 514–21
- Vitiello B, Zuvekas S, Norquist G. National estimates of antidepressant medication use among U.S. children, 1997–2002. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45: 271–9
- Olfson M, Blanco C, Liu L, Moreno C, Laje G. National trends in the outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 679–85
- Okie S. ADHD in adults. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2637–41
- Emslie G, Rush A, Weiberg W, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 1031–7
- Barkley R, Smith K, Fischer M, Navia B. An examination of the behavioral and neuropsychological correlates of three ADHD candidate gene polymorphisms (DRD4 7+, DBH TaqI A2, and DAT1 40 bp VNTR) in hyperactive and normal children followed to adulthood. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141: 487–98
- Faraone S, Doyle A, Mick E, Biederman J. Meta-analysis of the association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1052–7
- Nigg J. What causes ADHD? Understanding what goes wrong and why. Guilford, New York 2006
- Jensen P, Arnold L, Swanson J, et al. 3-year follow up of the NIMH MTA study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46: 989–1002
- MTA Cooperative Group. Moderators and mediators of treatment response for children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 1088–96
- Carey B. What's wrong with a child? psychiatrists often disagree. NY Times Nov 11, 2006; A1
- Foy F, Earls M. A process for developing community consensus regarding the diagnosis and management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 97–104
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. primary care version. APA, Washington, DC 1995
- American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2000; 105: 1158–70
- Williams J, Klinepeter K, Palmes G, Pulley A, Meschan Foy J. Behavioral health practices in the midst of black box warnings and mental health reform. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007; 46: 424–30
- American Medical Association. Report 10 of the Council on Science and Public Health: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. June, 2007, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/17738.html
- Chan E, Hopkins M, Perrin J, Herrerias C, Homer C. Diagnostic practices for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a national survey of primary care physicians. Ambul Pediatr 2005; 5: 201–8
- Olson B, Rosenbaum P, Dosa N, Roizen N. Improving guideline adherence for the diagnosis of ADHD in an ambulatory pediatric setting. Ambul Pediatr 2005; 5: 138–42
- Rushton J, Fant K, Clark S. Use of practice guidelines in the primary care of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 23–8
- Furman L. What is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?. J Child Neurol 2005; 20: 994–1002
- Shaw P, Eckstrand K, Sharp W, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104: 19649–50
- Lahey B, Pelham W, Loney J, Lee S, Willcutt E. Instability of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 896–902
- Rafalovich A. Exploring clinician uncertainty in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sociol Health Illn 2005; 27: 305–23
- Kwasman A, Tinsley B, Lepper H. Pediatricians' knowledge and attitudes concerning diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders: a national survey approach. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149: 1211–6
- Carlson E, Jacobvitz D, Sroufe L. A developmental investigation of inattentiveness and hyperactivity. Child Dev 1995; 66: 37–54
- Furman L, Berman B. Rethinking the AAP attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder guidelines. Clin Pediatr 2004; 42: 601–3
- Whalen C, Jamner L, Henker B, Delfino R, Lozano J. The ADHD spectrum and everyday life: experience sampling of adolescent moods, activities, smoking, and drinking. Child Dev 2002; 73: 209–27
- Taylor E, Rogers J. Practitioner review: early adversity and developmental disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46: 451–67
- Mayes S, Calhoun S, Crowell E. Learning disabilities and ADHD: overlapping spectrum disorders. J Learn Disabil 2000; 33: 417–24
- Power T, Costigan T, Leff S, Eiraldi R, Landau S. Assessing ADHD across settings: contributions of behavioral assessment to categorical decision-making. J Clin Child Psychol 2001; 30: 399–412
- Singh I. A framework for understanding trends in ADHD diagnosis and stimulant drug treatment: school and schooling as a case study. BioSocieties 2006; 1: 439–52
- Singh I. Biology in context: social and cultural perspective on ADHD. Child Soc 2002; 16: 360–7
- Burt S. Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: the importance of shared environment. J Abnorm Psychol 2001; 110: 516–25
- Warner-Rogers J, Taylor A, Taylor E, Sandberg S. Inattentive behavior in childhood: epidemiology and implications for development. J Learn Disabil 33 2000; 33: 520–36
- Hinshaw S. Impulsivity, emotion regulation, and developmental psychopathology: specificity versus generality of linkages. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 149: 149–59
- Spencer T, Biederman J, Mick E. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Ambul Pediatr 2007; 7: 73–81
- Wynia M, Cummins D, VanGeest J, Wilson I. Physician manipulation of reimbursement rules for patients: between a rock and a hard place. JAMA 2000; 283: 1858–65
- Rushton J, Felt B, Roberts M. Coding of pediatric behavioral and mental disorders. Pediatrics 2002; 110: e8
- Pliszka S. Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2000; 9: 525–40
- Wilens T, Biederman J, Brown S, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in clinically referred preschool children and school-age youth with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41: 262–8
- Owens E, Hinshaw S, Kraemer H, et al. Which treatment for whom for ADHD? Moderators of treatment response in the MTA. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71: 540–2
- Hinshaw S. Moderators and mediators of treatment outcome for youth with ADHD: understanding for whom and how interventions work. J Pediatr Psychol 2007; 32: 664–75
- Warner J, http://warner.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/15/ritalin-wars/ Ritalin wars. NY Times 2007; Nov 15.
- Shader R, Oesterheld J. Facts and public policy: should I keep my child on ADHD drugs?. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006; 26: 223–4
- Mintz S. Huck's raft: a history of American childhood. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 2004