Therapeutic Engagement as a Predictor of Retention in Adolescent Therapeutic Community Treatment

REFERENCES

• Austin , A. , & Wagner , E. F. ( 2006 ). Correlates of treatment retention among multi-ethnic youth with substance use problems: Initial examination of ethnic group differences. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse , 15 ( 3 ), 105 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Porath , D. D. ( 2004 ). Strategies for securing commitment to treatment from individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy , 34 , 247 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Broome , K. M. , Knight , K. , Hiller , M. L. , & Simpson , D. D. ( 1996 ). Drug treatment process indicators for probationers and prediction of recidivism. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 13 , 487 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , K. S. , Wenzel , S. , Orlando , M. , Mantagnet , C. , Mandell , W. , Becker , K. , & Ebener , P. ( 2004 ). How important are client characteristics to understanding treatment process in the therapeutic community? American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse , 30 ( 4 ), 871 – 891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius , J. R. , Maisto , S. A. , Pollock , N. K. , Martin , C. S. , Salloum , I. M. , & Lynch , K. G. ( 2003 ). Rapid relapse generally follows treatment for substance use disorders among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors , 28 , 381 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke , S. , Campbell , G. , & Popple , G. ( 2011 ). Retention, early dropout and treatment completion among therapeutic community admissions. Drug & Alcohol Review , 22 , 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• De Leon , G. ( 1998 ). Opening the black box: The treatment process in the therapeutic community . New York , NY : National Drug Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• De Leon , G. , Hawke , J. , Jainchill , N. , & Melnick , G. (2000). Therapeutic communities: Enhancing retention in treatment using “senior professor” staff. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 19(4), 375–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leon , G. , Melnick , G. , & Hawke , J. ( 2000 ). The motivation-readiness factor in drug treatment: Implications for research and policy . In J. A. Levy , R. C. Stephens , & D. C. McBride (Eds.), Advances in medical sociology (vol. 7 , pp. 103 – 129 ). Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• De Leon , G. , Melnick , G. , Thomas , G. , Kressel , D. , & Wexler , H. K. ( 2000 ). Motivation for treatment in a prison-based therapeutic community. Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse , 26 ( 1 ), 33 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiClemente , C. C. ( 1999 ). Motivation for change: Implications for substance abuse treatment. Psychological Science , 10 , 209 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelen , M. O. , Tucker , J. S. , Wenzel , S. L. , Paddock , S. M. , Ebener , P. , Dahl , J. D. , & Mandell , W. ( 2007 ). Treatment process in the therapeutic community: Associations with retention and outcomes among adolescent residential clients. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 32 ( 4 ), 415 – 421 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foster , M. , Nathan , S. , & Ferry , M. ( 2010 ). The experience of drug-dependent adolescents in a therapeutic community. Drug & Alcohol Review , 29 ( 5 ), 531 – 539 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• French , M. T. , Zavala , S. K. , McCollister , K. E. , Waldron , H. B. , Turner , C. W. , & Ozechowski , T. J. ( 2008 ). Cost-effectiveness analysis of four interventions for adolescents with substance use disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 34 , 272 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , A. S. , Terras , A. , & Glassman , K. ( 2003 ). Role of participant motivation in the outcome of a prevention/early intervention program for adolescent substance use problems and illegal behavior. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse , 13 ( 2 ), 1 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garner , B. R. , Godley , S. H. , & Funk , R. R. ( 2008 ). Predictors of early therapeutic alliance among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 40 ( 1 ), 55 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner , B. R. , Godley , S. H. , Funk , R. R. , Dennis , M. L. , Smith , J. E. , & Godley , M. D. ( 2009 ). Exposure to adolescent community reinforcement approach treatment procedures as a mediator of the relationship between adolescent substance abuse treatment retention and outcome. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 36 , 252 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , J. A. , Moriarty , L. J. , & Grant , P. H. ( 2000 ). The impact of a juvenile residential treatment center on minority offenders. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 16 ( 2 ), 194 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , L. D. , Martin , S. S. , Enev , T. , & Harrington , D. ( 2007 ). Comparing drug testing and self-report drug use among youths and young adults in the general population (DHHS Publication No. SMA 07–4249, Methodology Series M-7) . Rockville , MD : Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Hawke , J. M. , Hennen , J. , & Gallione , P. ( 2005 ). Correlates of therapeutic involvement among adolescents in residential drug treatment. The American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse , 31 ( 1 ), 163 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawke , J. M. , Jainchill , N. , & De Leon , G. ( 2003 ). Adolescent amphetamine users in treatment: Client profiles and treatment outcomes. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 32 ( 1 ), 95 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Hiller , M. L. , Knight , K. , Broome , K. M. , & Simpson , D. D. ( 1998 ). Legal pressure and treatment retention in a national sample of long-term residential programs. Criminal Justice & Behavior , 25 ( 4 ), 463 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiller , M. L. , Knight , K. , Leukefeld , C. , & Simpson , D. D. ( 2002 ). Motivation as a predictor of therapeutic engagement in mandated residential substance abuse treatment. Criminal Justice & Behavior , 29 ( 1 ), 56 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser , Y. , Grella , C. E. , Hsieh , S. , Anglin , M. D. , & Brown , B. S. ( 1999 ). Prior treatment experience related to process and outcome in DATOS. Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 57 , 137 – 150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser , Y. I. , Grella , C. E. , Hubbard , R. L. , Hsieh , S. , Fletcher , B. W. , Brown , B. S. , & Anglin , D. ( 2001 ). An evaluation of drug treatments for adolescents in four U.S. cities. Archives of General Psychiatry , 58 , 689 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser , Y. I. , Polinsky , M. L. , Maglione , M. , & Anglin , M. D. ( 1999 ). Matching clients' needs with drug treatment services. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 16 ( 4 ), 299 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jainchill , N. , Hawke , J. , & Messina , M. ( 2005 ). Post-treatment outcomes among adjudicated adolescent males and females in modified therapeutic community treatment. Substance Use & Misuse , 40 ( 7 ), 975 – 996 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jainchill , N. , Yagelka , J. , Hawke , J. , & De Leon , G. ( 1999 ). Adolescent admissions to residential drug treatment: HIV risk behaviors pre- and posttreatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 13 ( 3 ), 163 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joe , G. W. , Simpson , D. D. , & Broome , K. M. ( 1998 ). Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of process. Addiction , 93 , 1177 – 1190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. , O'Malley , P. M. , Bachman , J. G. , & Schulenberg , J. E. ( 2005 ). Monitoring the future: National survey results on drug use, 1975–2005. Volume I: Secondary school students (NIH Publication No. 05–5727) . Bethesda , MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse .
   Google Scholar
• Jordan , K. B. , Karg , R. S. , Batts , K. R. , Epstein , J. F. , & Wiesen , C. ( 2008 ). A clinical validation of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health assessment of substance use disorders. Addictive Behaviors , 33 ( 6 ), 782 – 798 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lennings , C. , Kenny , D. T. , & Nelson , P. ( 2006 ). Subtance use and treatment seeking in young offenders on community orders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 31 , 425 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lochman , J. E. , & van den Steenhoven , A. ( 2002 ). Family-based approaches to substance abuse prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention , 23 , 49 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Loeber , R. , & Farrington , D. P. ( 2001 ). Child delinquents: Development, intervention, and service needs . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , W. A. , & Windle , M. ( 2001 ). Family, religious, school and peer influences on adolescent alcohol use: A longitudinal study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 62 ( 1 ), 44 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurran , M. , Huband , N. , & Overton , E. ( 2010 ). Non-completion of personality disorder treatments: A systematic review of correlates, consequences and interventions. Clinical Psychology Review , 30 , 277 – 287 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messina , N. , Nemes , S. , Wish , E. , & Wraight , B. ( 2001 ). Opening the black box: The impact of inpatient treatment services on client outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 20 , 177 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molidor , C. E. , Nissen , L. , & Watkins , T. ( 2002 ). The development of theory and treatment with substance abusing female juvenile offenders. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal , 19 ( 3 ), 209 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Morral , A. R. , McCaffrey , D. F. , & Ridgeway , G. ( 2004 ). Effectiveness of community-based treatment for substance abusing adolescents: 12-month outcomes of youths entering Phoenix Academy or alternative probation dispositions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 18 ( 3 ), 257 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) . ( 1999 ). Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-based guide (NIH-99–4180) . Washington , DC : National Institute of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse .
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien , A. , Fahmy , R. , & Singh , S. P. ( 2009 ). Disengagement from mental health services. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 44 , 558 – 568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of Applied Studies. ( 2005 ). National survey of substance abuse treatment services . Rockville , MD : United States Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration .
   Google Scholar
• Paddock , S. M. , Edelen , M. O. , Wenzel , S. L. , Ebener , P. , Mandell , W. , & Dahl , J. ( 2007 ). Measuring changes in client-level treatment process in the therapeutic community (TC) with the Dimensions of Change Instrument (DCI). American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse , 33 , 537 – 546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , P. D. , & Duroy , T. L. (2004). Adolescent and young adult heroin and non heroin users: A quantitative and qualitative study of experiences in a therapeutic community. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 36(1), 75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisinger , H. S. , Bush , T. , Colom , M. A. , Angar , M. , & Battjes , R. ( 2003 ). Navigation and engagement: How does one measure success? Journal of Drug Issues , 33 , 777 – 800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins , M. S. , Liddle , H. A. , Turner , C. W. , Dakof , G. A. , Alexander , J. F. , & Kogan , S. M. ( 2006 ). Adolescent and parent therapeutic alliances as predictors of dropout in multidimensional family therapy. Journal of Family Psychology , 20 ( 1 ), 108 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , P. J. , Hiller , M. L. , Webster , J. M. , Staton , M. , & Leukefeld , C. ( 2004 ). Treatment motivation and therapeutic engagement in prison-based substance use treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 36 ( 6 ), 387 – 396 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simpson , D. D. , & Curry , S. J. (Eds.). ( 1997 ). Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS) [Special issue] . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 11 ( 4 ).
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , D. D. , Joe , G. W. , Rowan-Szal , G. , & Greener , J. ( 1995 ). Client engagement and change during drug abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse , 7 , 117 – 134 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soyez , V. , De Leon , G. , Rosseel , Y. , & Broekaert , E. ( 2006 ). Motivation and readiness for therapeutic community treatment: Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch translation of the circumstance, motivation, readiness, and suitability scales. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 30 ( 4 ), 297 – 308 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration . ( 2010 ). Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume I. Summary of national findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-38A, HHS Publication No. SMA 10-4856 Findings). Rockville, MD: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Swahn , M. H. , & Donovan , J. E. ( 2004 ). Correlates and predictors of violent behavior among adolescent drinkers. Journal of Adolescent Health , 34 ( 6 ), 480 – 492 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taxman , F. S. , & Bouffard , J. A. ( 2002 ). Assessing therapeutic integrity in modified therapeutic communities for drug-involved offenders. The Prison Journal , 82 ( 2 ), 189 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh , W. N. , & McGrain , P. N. ( 2008 ). Predictors of therapeutic engagement in prison-based drug treatment. Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 96 ( 3 ), 271 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters , K. C. , Stinchfield , R. , Latimer , W. W. , & Lee , S. ( 2007 ). Long-term outcome of substance-dependent youth following 12-step treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 33 , 61 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters , K. C. , Stinchfield , R. D. , Opland , E. , Weller , C. , & Latimer , W. W. ( 2000 ). The effectiveness of the Minnesota model approach in the treatment of adolescent drug abusers. Addiction , 95 , 601 – 612 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar