Does Self-Rated Addiction and the Heaviness of Smoking Index Predict Nicotine Replacement Therapy Product Use in Adolescent Smokers?

REFERENCES

• Amos , A. , Wiltshire , S. , Haw , S. , & McNeill , A. ( 2006 ). Ambivalence and uncertainty: Experiences of and attitudes towards addiction and smoking cessation in the mid-to-late teens. Health Education Research , 21 , 181 – 191 . doi: 10.1093/her/cyh054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botello-Harbaum , M. , Schroeder , J. R. , Collins , C. C. , & Moolchan , E. T. ( 2010 ). Nicotine replacement therapy use among adolescent smokers seeking cessation treatment. Ethnicity & Disease , 20 , 180 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colby , S. M. , Tiffany , S. T. , Shiffman , S. , & Niaura , R. S. (2000). Are adolescent smokers dependent on nicotine? A review of the evidence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 59, S83–S95. doi: 10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00166-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. , Jr., Terraciano , A. , & McCrae , R. R. ( 2001 ). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 , 321 – 322 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , M. A. ( 2001 ). Tobacco Control Network Writing Group & Cigarette smoking and adolescents: Messages they see and hear. Public Health Reports , 116 , 203 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton , W. T. III , Klesges , L. M. , Henderson , L. , Somes , G. , Robinson , L. , & Johnson , K. C. ( 2009 ). Gender, smoking status, and risk behaviour attitudes explain adolescents' patterns of nicotine replacement therapy use. Addictive Behaviors , 35 , 147 – 151 . doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza , J. R. , Savageau , J. A. , Fletcher , K. , Pbert , L. , O'Loughlin , J. , McNeill , A. D. , … Wellman , R. J. ( 2007 ). Susceptibility to nicotine dependence: The Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth 2 study. Pediatrics , 120 , e974 – 983 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter , J. F. ( 2005 ). A comparison of the content, construct- and predictive validity of the cigarette dependence scale and the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence. Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 7 , 259 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter , J. F. ( 2008 ). Comparing the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 1 , 152 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter , J. F. , Duc , T. V. , & Perneger , T. V. ( 1999 ). Validity of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and of the Heaviness of Smoking Index among relatively light smokers. Review. Addiction , 94 , 269 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnish Parliament . ( 2006 ). Change of Finnish Medical Act . Retrieved from www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2006/20060022
   Google Scholar
• Fiore , M. C. , Jaén , C. R. , Baker , T. B. , Bailey , W. C. , Benowitz , N. , Curry , S. J. , … Wewers , M. E. ( 2009 ). Treating tobacco use and dependence: Update. Quick reference guide for clinicians . Rockville , MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/tobacco/tobaqrg.htm
   Google Scholar
• Garrison , M. M. , Christakis , D. A. , Ebel , B. E. , Wiebe , S. E. , & Rivara , F. P. ( 2003 ). Smoking cessation interventions for adolescents: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 25 , 363 – 367 . doi: 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00213-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimshaw , G. K. , & Stanton , A. ( 2006 ). Tobacco cessation interventions for young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 4 , CD003289 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heatherton , T. F. , Kozlowski , L. T. , Frecker , R. C. , & Fagerström , K. O. ( 1991 ). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction , 86 ( 9 ), 1119 – 1127 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heatherton , T. F. , Kozlowski , L. T. , Frecker , R. C. , Rickert , W. , & Robinson , J. ( 1989 ). Measuring the heaviness of smoking: Using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day. British Journal of Addiction , 84 , 791 – 799 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heikkinen , H. , Patja , K. , & Jallinoja , P. ( 2010 ). Smokers' accounts on the health risks of smoking: Why is smoking not dangerous for me? Social Science & Medicine , 71 ( 5 ), 877 – 883 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyland , A. , Bradford , D. , & Gitchell , J. ( 2005 ). Drug counselor report of adolescents abuse of nicotine replacement therapy. Journal of Addictive Diseases , 24 ( 4 ), 105 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp , I. , O'Loughlin , J. , Hanley , J. , Tyndale , R. F. , & Paradis , G. (2006). Risk factors for tobacco dependence in adolescent smokers. Tobacco Control , 15, 199–124. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.014118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klesges , L. M. , Johnson , K. C. , Somes , G. , Zbikowski , S. , & Robinson , L. ( 2003 ). Use of nicotine replacement therapy in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 157 ( 6 ), 517 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leatherdale , S. T. , & McDonald , P. W. ( 2007 ). Youth smokers' beliefs about different cessation approaches: Are we providing cessation interventions they never intend to use? Cancer Causes Control , 18 , 783 – 791 . doi: 10.1007/s10552-007-9022-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolchan , E. T. , Radzius , A. , Epstein , D. H. , Uhl , G. , Gorelick , D. A. , Cadet , J. L. , & Henningfield , J. E. ( 2002 ). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Do they diagnose the same smokers? Addictive Behaviors , 27 , 101 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolchan , E. T. , Robinson , M. L. , Ernst , M. , Cadet , J. L. , Pickworth , W. B. , Heishman , S. J. , & Schroeder , J. R. ( 2005 ). Safety and efficacy of the nicotine patch and gum for the treatment of adolescent tobacco addiction. Pediatrics , 115 , e407 – e414 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolchan , E. T. , & Schroeder , J. R. ( 2004 ). Quit attempts among African American teenage smokers seeking treatment: Gender differences. Preventive Medicine , 39 , 1180 – 1186 . doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollila , H. , Broms , U. , Kaprio , J. , Laatikainen , T. , & Patja , K. ( 2010 ). Nuorten tupakkariippuvuuden arviointi ja hoito terveydenhuollossa [Evaluation of tobacco addiction among adolescents and its treatment within the health care]. Duodecim , 126 , 1269 – 1277 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paavola , M. , Vartiainen , E. , & Puska , P. ( 2001 ). Smoking cessation between teenage years and adulthood. Health Education Research , 1 , 49 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauly , J. R. ( 2008 ). Gender differences in tobacco smoking dynamics and the neuropharmacological actions of nicotine. Review. Frontiers in Bioscience , 1 ( 13 ), 505 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainio , S. , Huhtala , H. , & Rimpelä , A. ( 2010 ). Use and acquisition of nicotine replacement therapy products among under-aged adolescents after deregulation of the sales. Nicotine & Tobacco Research , 12 , 870 – 873 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinstein , M. L. , Thompson , P. J. , Shiffman , S. , & Moscicki , A. B. ( 2007 ). Cotinine levels in relation to smoking behavior and addiction in young adolescent smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research , 9 , 129 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rugkåsa , J. , Knox , B. , Sittlington , J. , Kennedy , O. , Treacy , M. P. , & Abaunza , P. S. ( 2001 ). Anxious adults vs. cool children: Children's views on smoking and addiction. Social Science & Medicine , 53 , 593 – 602 . doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00367-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffman , S. , & Sweeney , C. T. ( 2008 ). Ten years after Rx-to-OTC switch of nicotine replacement therapy: What we have learned about the benefits and risks of non-prescription availability? Health Policy , 86 , 17 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffman , S. , Waters , A. , & Hickcox , M. ( 2004 ). The nicotine dependence syndrome scale: A multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research , 6 , 327 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse, & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) . ( 2009 ). The NSDUH Report; National Survey of Drug Use and Health . Retrieved from http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/158/158RiskPerceptions.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wang , C. , Henley , N. , & Donovan , R. J. ( 2004 ). Exploring children's conceptions of smoking addiction. Health Education Research , 19 , 626 – 634 . doi: 10.1093/her/cyg087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar