Perceptions of Segregation and Substance Use Behaviors in Adolescence

REFERENCES

• Alesci, N. L., Forster, J. L., & Blaine, T. (2003). Smoking visibility, perceived acceptability and frequency in various locations among youth and adults. Preventive Medicine, 36(3), 272–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARK. (2009). ARK Young Life and Times Survey, 2008. Retrieved from www.ark.ac.uk/ylt
   Google Scholar
• ARK. (n.d.). Young Life and Times Survey 2008 Technical Report. Retrieved from http://www.ark.ac.uk/ylt/datasets/techinfo.html
   Google Scholar
• Barnes, G. E. (1979). Solvent abuse: A review. Substance Use and Misuse, 14(1), 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Bécares, L., Nazroo, J., & Stafford, M. (2009). The buffering effects of ethnic density on experienced racism and health. Health and Place, 15(3), 700–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bécares, L., Nazroo, J., & Stafford, M. (2011). The ethnic density effect on alcohol use among ethnic minority people in the UK. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65, 20–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, G. G., Wolin, K. Y., Robinson, E. L., Fowler, S., & Edwards, C. L. (2005). Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and tobacco use among African American young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 238–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, M. E., Walters, S. T., Miller, J. H., & Woodall, W. G. (2000). Relationship of early inhalant use to substance use in college students. Journal of Substance Abuse, 12(3), 227–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyle, K., & Hadden, T. (1994). Northern Ireland: The choice. London, UK: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cairns, E. (1988). Class, psychological wellbeing and minority status in Northern Ireland. International Journal of Social Psychology, 35(3), 231–236.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1970). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corral, I., & Landrine, H. (2012). Racial discrimination and health-promoting vs. damaging behaviors among African American adults. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(8), 1176–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Due, P., Krølner, R., Rasmussem, M., Anderson, A., Damsgaard, M. T., Graham, H., & Holstein, B. E. (2011). Pathways and mechanisms in adolescence contribute to adult health inequalities. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36(S6), 62–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenbach-Stengl, I., & Thom, B. (2009). Intoxication and intoxicated behaviour in contemporary European cultures: Myths, realities and the implications for policy, (prevention) practice and research. Vienna, Austria: European Centre for Social Welfare, Policy and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Faris, R. E., & Dunham, H. W. (1939). Mental disorders in urban areas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• French, D. (2009). Residential segregation and health in Northern Ireland. Health and Place, 15(3), 888–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, A. M. (1989). Social identity and the Northern Ireland conflict. Human Relations, 42, 917–935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Cleveland, M. J., Wills, T. A., & Brody, G. H. (2004). Perceived discrimination and substance use in African American parents and their children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 1048–1061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpern, D., & Nazroo, J. (2000). The Ethnic Density Effect: Results from a national community survey of England and Wales. International Journal of Social Psychology, 46(1), 34–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargie, O., Dickson, D., & Nelson, S. (2003). Working together in a divided society a study of intergroup communication in the Northern Ireland workplace. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 17(3), 285–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, J. P., & Su, S. S. (1998). Stressful life events and adolescent substance use and depression: Conditional and gender differentiated effects. Substance Use and Misuse, 33, 2219–2262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakon, C. M., & Valente, T. W. (2012). Social integration in friendship networks: The synergy of network structure and peer influence in relation to cigarette smoking among high risk adolescents. Social Science and Medicine, 74(9), 1407–1417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh, B. C., Ames, S. C., & Stacy, A. W. (2008). Alcohol, drugs and condom use among drug offenders: An event-based analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 95, 38–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loretto, W. A. (1994). Youthful drinking in Northern Ireland and Scotland: Preliminary results from a comparative study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 1(2), 143–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, M. T., & Cole, J. C. (2013). Adolescent drinking and adolescent stress: A domain-specific relationship in Northern Irish schoolchildren. Journal of Youth Studies, 16(2), 237–256. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2012.718432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPeake, J. (1998). Religion and residential search behaviour in the Belfast Urban Area. Housing Studies, 13(4), 527–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt, T. E. (2006). A review of research on the taxonomy of life-course persistent versus adolescence-limited antisocial behavior. In F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright, & K. R. Blevins (Eds.), Taking stock: The status of criminological theory (pp. 277–312). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Neeleman, J., Wilson-Jones, C., & Wessely, S. (2001). Ethnic density and deliberate self-harm: A small area study in south east London. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niens, U., Cairns, E., & Hewstone, M. (2003). Contact and conflict in Northern Ireland. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 635–655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, K. E., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2008). People like us: Ethnic group density effects on health. Ethnicity and Health, 13(4), 321–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieher, T. F., Véronneau, M-H., & Dishion, T. J. (2012). Substance use progression from adolescence to early adulthood: Effortful control in the context of friendship influence and early-onset use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 1045–1058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postmes, T., & Branscombe, N. R. (2002). Influence of long-term racial environmental composition on subjective well-being in African-Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 735–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, R. J., Pickett, K. E., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2010). Ethnic density effects on birth outcomes and maternal smoking during pregnancy in the US linked birth and infant death data set. American Journal of Public Health, 100(4), 707–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuttleworth, I., Barr, P. J., & Gould, M. (2013). Does internal migration in Northern Ireland increase religious and social segregation? Perspectives from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) 2001–2007. Population, Space and Place, 19, 72–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sienbenbruner, J., Englund, M. M., Egeland, B., & Hudson, K. (2006). Developmental antecedents of late adolescence substance use patterns. Developmental Psychopathology, 18, 551–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiots, P. A. (2010). Stress and health: Major findings and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51, S43–S53.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. C., Kao, T-C., & Thomas, R. J. (2005). The relationship between alcohol use and risk taking sexual behaviours in a large behavioural study. Preventive Medicine, 41, 247–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udry, J. R., Li, R. M., & Hendrickson-Smith, J. (2003). Health and behaviour risks of adolescents with mixed race identity. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1865–1870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, R., Prince, M., McKenzie, K., & Stewart, R. (2006). Exploring the ethnic density effect: A qualitative study of a London electoral ward. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(4), 376–391.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 200–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar