References
- Backhaus, I., D'Egidio, V., Grassucci, D., Gelardini, M., Ardizzone, C., & La Torre, G. (2017). Link between perceived smoking behaviour at school and students smoking status: A large survey among Italian adolescents. Public Health, 151, 169–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.004
- Boles, S. M., & Johnson, P. B. (2001). Gender, weight concerns, and adolescent smoking. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 20(2), 5–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v20n02_02
- Boyce, W., Torsheim, T., Currie, C., & Zambon, A. (2006). The family affluence scale as a measure of national wealth: Validation of an adolescent self-report measure. Social Indicators Research, 78(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-1607-6
- Camp, D. E., Klesges, R. C., & Relyea, G. (1993). The relationship between body weight concerns and adolescent smoking. Health Psychology, 12(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.12.1.24
- Canadian Cancer Society (2018). Cigarette package health warnings: International status report. https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/WL_status_report_en.pdf
- Cantrell, J., Vallone, D. M., Thrasher, J. F., Nagler, R. H., Feirman, S. P., Muenz, L. R., He, D. Y., & Viswanath, K. (2013). Impact of tobacco-related health warning labels across socioeconomic, race and ethnic groups: Results from a randomized web-based experiment. PLoS One., 8(1), e52206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052206
- Charlton, A. (1984). Smoking and weight control in teenagers. Public Health, 98(5), 277–281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(84)80003-7
- Currie, C. E., Elton, R. A., Todd, J., & Platt, S. (1997). Indicators of socioeconomic status for adolescents: The WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey. Health Education Research, 12(3), 385–397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/her/12.3.385
- Currie, C., Molcho, M., Boyce, W., Holstein, B., Torsheim, T., & Richter, M. (2008). Researching health inequalities in adolescents: The development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) family affluence scale. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 66(6), 1429–1436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.024
- de Lacy, E., Fletcher, A., Hewitt, G., Murphy, S., & Moore, G. (2017). Cross-sectional study examining the prevalence, correlates and sequencing of electronic cigarette and tobacco use among 11-16-year olds in schools in Wales. BMJ Open, 7(2), e012784. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012784
- Dunlop, S., Perez, D., Dessaix, A., & Currow, D. (2017). Australia’s plain tobacco packs: Anticipated and actual responses among adolescents and young adults 2010-2013. Tobacco Control, 26(6), 617–626. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053166
- Gilman, S. E., Rende, R., Boergers, J., Abrams, D. B., Buka, S. L., Clark, M. A., Colby, S. M., Hitsman, B., Kazura, A. N., Lipsitt, L. P., Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Rogers, M. L., Stanton, C. A., Stroud, L. R., & Niaura, R. S. (2009). Parental smoking and adolescent smoking initiation: An intergenerational perspective on tobacco control. Pediatrics, 123(2), e274–e281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2251
- Guerra, F., Mannocci, A., Colamesta, V., De Luca, G., Fiore, M., Firenze, A., Ferrara, M., Langiano, E., De Vito, E., Bonaccorsi, G., & La Torre, G. (2017). Reliability of adapted version of Italian Label tobacco Impact Index for the adolescent: ALII. La Clinica Terapeutica, 168(4), e258–e261.
- Hammond, D. (2011). Health warning messages on tobacco products: A review. Tobacco Control, 20(5), 327–337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.037630
- Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., McNeill, A., Borland, R., & Cummings, K. M. (2006). Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control, 15 Suppl 3, iii19–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2005.012294
- Hammond, D., Thrasher, J., Reid, J. L., Driezen, P., Boudreau, C., & Santillán, E. A. (2012). Perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warnings among Mexican youth and adults: A population-level intervention with potential to reduce tobacco-related inequities. Cancer Causes & Control: CCC, 23 Suppl 1, 57–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9902-4
- Hitchman, S. C., Mons, U., Nagelhout, G. E., Guignard, R., Mcneill, A., Willemsen, M. C., Driezen, P., Wilquin, J.-L., Beck, F., Du-Roscöat, E., Pötschke-Langer, M., Hammond, D., & Fong, G. T. (2012). Effectiveness of the European Union text-only cigarette health warnings: Findings from four countries. European Journal of Public Health, 22(5), 693–699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckr099
- ISTAT. (2017). Studenti e scuole dell’Istruzione primaria e secondaria in Italia. Differenze strutturali tra scuole statali e paritarie. https://www.istat.it/it/files/2017/04/Studenti-e-scuole.pdf
- La Torre, G. (2013). Smoking prevention and cessation. Springer.
- Li, J., & Grigg, M. (2009). New Zealand: New graphic warnings encourage registrations with the quitline. Tobacco Control, 18(1), 72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2008.027649
- Lundborg. (2006). Smoking, information sources, and risk perceptions – New results on Swedish data. https://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=80449
- Macy, J. T., Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., & Yeung, E. (2016). Exposure to graphic warning labels on cigarette packages: Effects on implicit and explicit attitudes towards smoking among young adults. Psychology & Health, 31(3), 349–363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1104309
- Mannocci, A., Colamesta, V., Conti, V., Cattaruzza, M. S., Paone, G., Cafolla, M., Saulle, R., Bulzomì, V., Antici, D., Cuccurullo, P., Boccia, A., La Torre, G., & Terzano, C. (2014). Impact of cigarette packages warning labels in relation to tobacco-smoking dependence and motivation to quit. Biomed Research International, 2014(2), 1–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/723035
- Mannocci, A., Colamesta, V., & La Torre, G. (2016). Labels Impact Index (LII): An Italian version of a tool to assess the impact of advertisement on tobacco products. Senses and Sciences, 3, 193–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14616/sands-2016-2-193196
- Mannocci, A., Colamesta, V., Mipatrini, D., Boccia, A., Terzano, C., & La Torre, G. (2013). How would plain packaging and pictorial warning impact on smoking reduction, cessation and initiation? Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, 37(6), 400–405. [].
- Miller, C. L., Quester, P. G., Hill, D. J., & Hiller, J. E. (2011). Smokers' recall of Australian graphic cigarette packet warnings & awareness of associated health effects, 2005-2008 . BMC Public Health, 11, 238. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-238
- Noar, S. M., Hall, M. G., Francis, D. B., Ribisl, K. M., Pepper, J. K., & Brewer, N. T. (2016). Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Tobacco Control, 25(3), 341–354. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978
- Peterson, E. B., Thomsen, S., Lindsay, G., & John, K. (2010). Adolescents' attention to traditional and graphic tobacco warning labels: An eye-tracking approach. J Drug Educ, 40(3), 227–244. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/DE.40.3.b
- Rubinstein, M. L., Rait, M. A., Sen, S., & Shiffman, S. (2014). Characteristics of adolescent intermittent and daily smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 39(9), 1337–1341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.021
- Schane, R. E., Ling, P. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2010). Health effects of light and intermittent smoking: A review. Circulation, 121(13), 1518–1522. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904235
- Siahpush, M., McNeill, A., Hammond, D., & Fong, G. T. (2006). Socioeconomic and country variations in knowledge of health risks of tobacco smoking and toxic constituents of smoke: Results from the 2002 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control, 15 Suppl 3, iii65–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2005.013276
- Vardavas, C. I., Connolly, G., Karamanolis, K., & Kafatos, A. (2009). Adolescents perceived effectiveness of the proposed European graphic tobacco warning labels. The European Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 212–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp015
- von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P. & STROBE Initiative. (2008). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61(4), 344–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008
- Voorhees, C. C., Ye, C., Carter-Pokras, O., MacPherson, L., Kanamori, M., Zhang, G., Chen, L., & Fiedler, R. (2011). Peers, tobacco advertising, and secondhand smoke exposure influences smoking initiation in diverse adolescents. American Journal of Health Promotion: Ajhp, 25(3), e1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.090604-QUAN-180
- WHO. (2008). Inequalities in young people’s health: Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) (International report from the 2006 survey). http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/53852/E91416.pdf
- WHO. (2011). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011.Warning about the dangers of tobacco. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44616/1/9789240687813_eng.pdf
- Wilson, N. (2011). Smokers respond to pictorial health warnings. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6044), 822. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.333.6044.822-a