Long-term follow-up of criminal recidivism in young sex offenders: Temporal patterns and risk factors

References

• Abel , G. G. , Becker , J. V. , Mittelman , M. , Cunningham‐Rathner , J. , Rouleau , J. L. and Murphy , W. D. 1987 . Self‐reported sex crimes of non‐incarcerated paraphiliacs . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 2 : 3 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th edition , Washington, DC : Author . DSM‐IV
   Google Scholar
• Boer , D. P. , Hart , S. D. , Kropp , P. R. and Webster , C. D. 1997 . Manual for the Sexual Violence Risk‐20. Professional guidelines for assessing risk of sexual violence , Vancouver, , Canada : British Columbia Institute on Family Violence .
   Google Scholar
• Burton , D. L. 2000 . Were adolescent sexual offenders children with sexual behaviour problems? . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 12 : 37 – 48 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butz , C. and Spaccarelli , S. 1999 . Use of physical force as an offense characteristic in subtyping juvenile sexual offenders . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 11 : 217 – 232 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1960 . A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 20 : 37 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , D. R. 1972 . Regression models and life tables . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , 34 : 187 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Doren , D. M. 1998 . Recidivism base rates, predictions of sex offender recidivism, and the “Sexual predator” commitment laws . Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 16 : 97 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grann , M. and Holmberg , G. 1999 . Follow‐up of forensic psychiatric legislation and clinical practice in Sweden 1988 to 1995 . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , 22 : 125 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gretton , H. , McBride , M. , Hare , R. D. , O'Shaughnessy , R. and Kumka , G. in press . Psychopathy, and recidivism in adolescent sex offenders . Criminal Justice and Behavior ,
   Google Scholar
• Hagan , M. P. and Gust‐Brey , K. L. 1999 . A ten‐year longitudinal study of adolescent rapists upon return to the community . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 43 : 448 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. and Bussière , M. T. 1998 . Predicting relapse: a meta‐analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 : 348 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. and Thornton , D. 2000 . Improving risk assessment for sex offenders: A comparison of three actuarial scales . Law and Human Behavior , 24 : 119 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare , R. D. 1991 . Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist ‐ Revised , Toronto, , Canada : Multi‐Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , J. A. , Goodwin , D. W. and Becker , J. V. 1994 . The relationship between phallometrically measured deviant sexual arousal and clinical characteristics in juvenile sexual offenders . Behavioral Research and Therapy , 32 : 533 – 538 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janus , E. and Meehl , P. E. 1997 . Assessing the legal stand ard for predictions of dangerousness in sex offender commitment proceedings . Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , 3 : 33 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn , T. J. and Chambers , H. J. 1991 . Assessing reoffense risk with juvenile sexual offenders . Child Welfare , 70 : 333 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , E. L. and Meier , P. 1958 . Nonparametric estimations from incomplete observations . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 53 : 457 – 485 .
   Google Scholar
• Långström , N. , Grann , M. , Tengström , A. , Lindholm , N. , Woodhouse , A. and Kullgren , G. 1999 . Extracting data for register‐based forensic psychiatric research: Some methodological considerations . Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , 53 : 61 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Långström , N. and Lindblad , F. 2000 . Young sex offenders: Background, personality and crime characteristics in a Swedish forensic psychiatric sample . Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , 54 : 113 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Långström , N. and Grann , M. 2000 . Risk for criminal recidivism among young sex offenders . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 25 : 856 – 872 .
   Google Scholar
• Martens , P. 1998 . “ Sexualbrott ” . In Brottsutvecklingen 1995–1997 , Stockholm, , Sweden : National Council for Crime Prevention . In Swedish: Sexual offences. Crime development 1995–1997
   Google Scholar
• Prentky , R. , Harris , B. , Frizzell , K. and Righthand , S. 2000 . An actuarial procedure for assessing risk with juvenile sex offenders . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 12 : 71 – 93 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasmussen , L. A. 1999 . Factors related to recidivism among juvenile sexual offenders . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 11 : 69 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rice , M. E. and Harris , G. T. 1997 . Cross‐validation and extension of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide for child molesters and rapists . Law and Human Behavior , 21 : 231 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinstein , M. , Yeager , C. A. , Goodstein , C. and Lewis , D. O. 1993 . Sexually assaultive male juveniles: a follow‐up . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 262 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , G. , Miyoshi , T. J. , Metzner , J. L. , Krugman , R. D. and Fryer , G. E. 1996 . Trends in a national sample of sexually abusive youths . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 : 17 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schram , D. D. , Milloy , C. D. and Rowe , W. E. 1991 . Juvenile sex offenders: a follow‐up study of reoffense behavior Unpublished manuscript
   Google Scholar
• Shrout , P. E. and Fliess , J. L. 1979 . Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing interrater reliability . Psychological Bulletin , 86 : 420 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipe , R. , Jensen , E. L. and Everett , R. S. 1998 . Adolescent sexual offenders grown up. Recidivism in young adulthood . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 25 : 109 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjöstedt , G. and Långström , N. in press . Assessment of risk for criminal recidivism among rapists: a comparison of four different measures . Psychology, Crime & Law ,
   Google Scholar
• Smith , W. R. and Monastersky , C. 1986 . Assessing juvenile sexual offenders' risk for reoffending . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 13 : 115 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vizard , E. , Monck , E. and Misch , P. 1995 . Child and adolescent sex abuse perpetrators: a review of the research literature . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 36 : 731 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worling , J. R. and Curwen , T. 2000 . Adolescent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implications for risk prediction . Child Abuse and Neglect , 24 : 965 – 982 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worling , J. R. and Curwen , T. 2001 . The Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR) , Toronto, , Canada : Thistletown Regional Centre for Children & Adolescents, Ontario Ministry of Community & Social Services . Version 2.0, SAFE‐T Program
   Google Scholar