The impact of bullying and coping strategies on the psychological distress of young offenders

References

• Anthony , M. M. , Bieling , P. J. , Cox , B. J. , Enns , M. W. and Swinson , R. P. 1998 . Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety and stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample . Psychological Assessment , 10 : 176 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , G. 1995 . Bullying among young offenders in custody . Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology , 22 : 54 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Biggam , F. H. and Power , K. G. 1999 . Social problem-solving skills and psychological distress among incarcerated young offenders: The issue of bullying and victimisation . Cognitive Therapy Research , 23 : 307 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggam , F. M. and Power , K. G. 2002 . A controlled, problem-solving, group based intervention with vulnerable incarcerated young offenders . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Crminology , 46 : 678 – 698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaauw , E. , Winkel , F. W. and Kerkhof , A. J. F. M. 2001 . Bullying and suicidal behavior in jails . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 28 : 279 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Psychological Society ( 2001 ). Code of conduct, ethical principles and guidelines . Leicester : British Psychological Society .
   Google Scholar
• Buss , A. H. 1961 . The psychology of aggression , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Clark-Carter , D. 1997 . Doing quantitative psychological research: From design to report , Hove : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Connell , A. and Farrington , D. P. 1996 . Bullying among incarcerated young offenders: Developing an interview schedule and some preliminary results . Journal of Adolescence , 19 : 75 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dancey , C. P. and Reidy , J. 2002 . Statistics without maths for psychology: Using SPSS for Windows , 2nd edn , Harlow : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Devilly , G. J. ( 2001 ). DASS (42) . Retrieved 26 June 2003, from The University of Melbourne, Forensic Psychology and Victim Services web site : http://www.criminology.unimelb.edu.au/victims/resources/assessment/affect/dass42.html .
   Google Scholar
• Ebata , A. T. and Moos , R. H. 1991 . Coping and adjustment in distressed and healthy adolescents . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 12 : 33 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Eitel-Smith , G. 2003 . Bullying behaviour and self-esteem levels in female prisoners . Forensic Update , 74 : 17 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Endler , N. S. and Parker , J. D. A. 1990 . Multidimensional assessment of coping . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58 : 844 – 854 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endler , N. S. , Parker , J. D. A. and Summerfeldt , L. J. 1993 . Coping with health problems: Conceptual and methodological issues . Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , 25 : 384 – 399 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endler , N. S. , Parker , J. D. A. and Summerfeldt , L. J. 1998 . Coping with health problems: Developing a reliable and valid multidimensional measure . Psychological Assessment , 10 : 195 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrington , D. P. 1993 . “ Understanding and preventing bullying ” . In Crime and justice: A review of research , Edited by: Tonry , M. 381 – 458 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Francis , R. D. 1999 . Ethics for psychologists: A handbook , Leicester : BPS books .
   Google Scholar
• Gullone , E. , Jones , T. and Cummins , R. 2001 . Coping styles and prison experience . Psychiatry, Psychology and Law , 7 : 170 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• HM Prison Service ( 1999 ). Anti-bullying strategy . Prison Service Order 1702 (Issue No. 60, PSI No. 62/1999) . London : HM Prison Service .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , S. C. and Boyle , J. M. E. 2002 . Perceptions of control in the victims of school bullying: The importance of early intervention . Educational Research , 44 : 323 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , C. A. and Ireland , J. L. 2000 . Descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of bullying behavior in a maximum-security prison . Aggressive Behavior , 26 : 213 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 1998 . Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC) , Lancashire, , UK : University of Central Lancashire .
   Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 1999 . Bullying behaviours among male and female prisoners: A study of adult and young offenders . Aggressive Behavior , 25 : 161 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 2000 . ‘Bullying’ among prisoners: A review of research . Aggression and Violent Behaviour , 5 : 201 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 2001a . The relationship between social problem-solving and bullying behaviour among male and female adult prisoners . Aggressive Behavior , 27 : 297 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 2001b . Distinguishing the perpetrators and victims of bullying behaviour in a prison environment: A study of male and female adult prisoners . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 6 : 229 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 2002a . Bullying among prisoners: Evidence, research and intervention strategies , Hove : Brunner-Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 2002b . Do juveniles bully more than young offenders? . Journal of Adolescence , 25 : 155 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. 2003 . “ Working with bullies and their victims ” . In Psychology in prisons , Edited by: Towl , G. 148 – 158 . Oxford : BPS Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. ( in press ). Bullying in prisons: The role of fear . In F. Columbus Advances in psychology research . New York : Nova Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. , Boustead , R. and Ireland , C. A. 2005 . Coping style and psychological health among adolescent prisoners: A study of young and juvenile offenders . Journal of Adolescence , 28 : 411 – 423 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. and Ireland , C. A. 2003 . How do offenders define bullying? A study of adult, young and juvenile male offenders . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 8 : 159 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland , J. L. and Power , C. L. 2004 . Attachment, emotional loneliness and bullying behaviour: A study of adult and young offenders . Aggressive Behavior , 30 : 298 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochenderfer-Ladd , B. and Ladd , G. W. 2001 . “ Variations in peer victimisation: Relations to children's maladjustment ” . In Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimised , Edited by: Juvonen , J. and Graham , S. 25 – 48 . London : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, appraisal and coping , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Leddy , J. and O'Connell , M. 2002 . The prevalence, nature and psychological correlates of bullying in Irish prisons . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 7 : 131 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Liebling , A. 1992 . Suicides in prison , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Liebling , A. 1995 . Vulnerability and prison suicide . The British Journal of Criminology , 35 : 173 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston , M. S. and Chapman , A. J. 1997 . Bullying and self-injurious behaviour in young offenders . Inside Psychology , 3 : 78 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Lombardo , L. X. 1985 . Mental health work in prisons and jails: Inmate adjustment and indigenous correctional personnel . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 12 : 17 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond , P. F. 1998 . Long-term stability of depression, anxiety and stress syndromes . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 : 520 – 526 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond , P. F. and Lovibond , S. H. 1995 . The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories . Behaviour Research Therapy , 33 : 335 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohino , S. , Kirchner , T. and Forns , M. 2004 . Coping strategies in young male prisoners . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 33 : 41 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olafsen , R. N. and Viemero , V. 2000 . Bully/victim problems and coping with stress in school among 10- to 12-year-old pupils in Aland, Finland . Aggressive Behavior , 26 : 57 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , E. J. and Thakordas , V. 2005 . Relationship between bullying and scores on the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire among imprisoned male offenders . Aggressive Behavior , 31 : 56 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , J. D. A and Endler , N. S. 1992 . Coping with coping assessment: A critical review . European Journal of Personality , 6 : 321 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick , S. 1998 . Differences in inmate–inmate and inmate–staff altercations: Examples from a medium security prison . Social Science Journal , 35 : 253 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rector , N. A. and Roger , D. 1996 . Cognitive style and well-being: A prospective examination . Personality and Individual Differences , 21 : 663 – 674 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigby , K. 1998 . The relationship between reported health and involvement in bully/victim problems among male and female secondary schoolchildren . Journal of Health Psychology , 3 : 465 – 476 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robson , C. 2002 . Real world research , 2nd edn , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Roger , D. , Jarvis , G. and Najarian , B. 1993 . Detachment and coping: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring coping strategies . Personality and Individual Differences , 15 : 619 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roger , D. , Najarian , B. , & Jarvis , G. ( 1994 ). The interactive effects of emotion control and coping strategies on adaptive behaviour . Paper presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference, Brighton, UK, March 1994 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , D. , Proctor , L. J. and Chien , D. H. 2001 . “ The aggressive victim of bullying: Emotional and behaviour dysregulation as a pathway to victimisation by peers ” . In Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimised , Edited by: Juvonen , J. and Graham , S. 147 – 174 . London : Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , P. K. , Shu , S. and Madsen , K. 2001 . “ Characteristics of victims of school bullying: Developmental changes in coping strategies and skills ” . In Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimised , Edited by: Juvonen , J. and Graham , S. 332 – 351 . London : Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2001 . Using multivariate statistics , 4th edn , Needham Heights, MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Viljoen , J. L. , O'Neill , M. L. , & Sidhu , A. ( 2005 ). Bullying behaviours in male and female young offenders: Prevalence, types and association with psychosocial adjustment . Aggressive Behavior , 31 , 521 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitaliano , P. P. , DeWolfe , D. J. , Maiuro , R. D. , Russo , J. and Katon , W. 1990 . Appraised changeability of a stressor as a modifier of the relationship between coping and depression: A test of the hypothesis of fit . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 582 – 592 .
   Google Scholar
• Wells , A. and Matthews , G. 1994 . Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective , Hove : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Zamble , E. and Porporino , F. 1990 . Coping, imprisonment, and rehabilitation: Some data and their implications . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 17 : 53 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar