3,414
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Can a witness report hearsay evidence unintentionally? The effects of discussion on eyewitness memory

, &
Pages 505-527 | Received 11 Feb 2010, Accepted 16 Jul 2010, Published online: 28 Feb 2011

References

  • Asch , S.E. 1952 . Social psychology , New York , NY : Prentice-Hall .
  • Azad , T. , Lindsay , D.S. , & Brimacombe , C.A.E. 2010 March . Memory conformity: Do people falsely ‘remember,’ ‘know,’ or ‘guess’ unseen details they learned from another person during co-witness discussion? Paper presented at the American Psychology–Law Society Annual Conference Vancouver , Canada .
  • Basden , B.H. , Basden , D.R. and Henry , S. 2000 . Costs and benefits of collaborative remembering . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 14 : 497 – 507 .
  • Betz , A.L. , Skowronski , J.J. and Ostrom , T.M. 1996 . Shared realities: Social influence and stimulus memory . Social Cognition , 14 : 113 – 140 .
  • Deutsch , M. and Gerard , H.B. 1955 . A study of normative and informational social influence upon individual judgment . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 51 : 629 – 636 .
  • Echterhoff G. Hirst W. Groll S. The communication of misinformation: Conversational assumptions affect source monitoring strategies. Unpublished manuscript 2001 University of Cologne
  • Forbes , J.R. 2003 . The Laws of Australia . Testimony , 16.4[66]
  • Gabbert , F. , Memon , A. and Allan , K. 2003 . Memory conformity: Can eyewitnesses influence each other's memories for an event? . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 17 : 533 – 543 .
  • Gabbert , F. , Memon , A. , Allan , K. and Wright , D.B. 2004 . Say it to my face: Examining the effects of socially encountered misinformation . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 9 : 215 – 227 .
  • Gabbert , F. , Memon , A. and Wright , D.B. 2007 . I saw it for longer than you: The relationship between perceived encoding duration and memory conformity . Acta Psychologica , 124 : 319 – 331 .
  • Gallo , D.A. , Roberts , M.J. and Seamon , J.G. 1997 . Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 4 : 271 – 276 .
  • Gallo , D.A. , Roediger , H.L. III and McDermott , K.B. 2001 . Associative false recognition occurs without strategic criterion shifts . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 8 : 579 – 586 .
  • Garry , M. , French , L. , Kinzett , T. and Mori , K. 2008 . Eyewitness memory following a discussion: Using the MORI technique with a Western sample . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 22 : 431 – 439 .
  • Grice H.P. 1975 Academic Press San Diego Logic and conversation Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech acts P. Cole J.L. Morgan In
  • Heaton-Armstrong , A. 1987 . Police officers’ notebooks: Recent developments . Criminal Law Review , 470 – 472 .
  • Higham , P.A. and Vokey , J.R. 2004 . Illusory recollection and dual-process models of recognition memory . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology , 57 : 714 – 744 .
  • Hoffman , H.G. , Granhag , P.A. , See , S.T.K. and Loftus , E.F. 2001 . Social influences on reality-monitoring decisions . Memory & Cognition , 29 : 394 – 404 .
  • Hollin , C.R. and Clifford , B.R. 1983 . Eyewitness testimony: The effects of discussion on recall accuracy and agreement . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 13 : 234 – 244 .
  • Janis , I.L. 1972 . Victims of groupthink , Boston , MA : Houghton Mifflin .
  • Johnson , M.K. , Hashtroudi , S. and Lindsay , D.S. 1993 . Source monitoring . Psychological Bulletin , 114 : 3 – 28 .
  • Lindsay , D.S. and Johnson , M.K. 1989 . The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source . Memory & Cognition , 17 : 349 – 358 .
  • McDermott , K.B. and Roediger , H.L. III. 1998 . Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing . Journal of Memory & Language , 39 : 508 – 520 .
  • Meade , M.L. and Roediger , H.L. III. 2002 . Explorations in the social contagion of memory . Memory & Cognition , 30 : 995 – 1009 .
  • Paterson , H. and Kemp , R. 2005 . Co-witness discussion: A survey of police officers’ attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour. Psychiatry . Psychology and Law , 12 : 424 – 434 .
  • Paterson , H.M. and Kemp , R.I. 2006a . Co-witnesses talk: A survey of eyewitness discussion. Psychology . Crime & Law , 12 : 181 – 191 .
  • Paterson , H.M. and Kemp , R.I. 2006b . Comparing methods of encountering post-event information: The power of co-witness suggestion . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 20 : 1083 – 1099 .
  • Paterson H.M. Kemp R.I. Ng J.R. Combating co-witness contamination: Attempting to decrease the negative effects of discussion on eyewitness memory Applied Cognitive Psychology In Press
  • Rajaram , S. 1993 . Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past . Memory & Cognition , 21 : 89 – 102 .
  • Roediger , H.L. III , Jacoby , J.D. , & McDermott , K.B. 1996 35 . Misinformation effects in recall: Creating false memories through repeated retrieval . Journal of Memory & Language , 300 – 318 .
  • Roediger , H.L. III and McDermott , K.B. 1995 . Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 21 : 803 – 814 .
  • Roediger , H.L. III , Meade , M.L. and Bergman , E.T. 2001 . Social contagion of memory . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 8 : 365 – 371 .
  • Schneider , D.M. and Watkins , M.J. 1996 . Response conformity in recognition testing . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 3 : 481 – 485 .
  • Shaw , J.S. III , Garven , S. , & Wood , J.M. 1997 . Co-witness information can have immediate effects on eyewitness memory reports . Law & Human Behavior , 21 , 503 – 523 .
  • Skagerberg , E.M. and Wright , D.B. 2008 . The prevalence of co-witnesses and co-witness discussions in real eyewitnesses . Psychology, Crime & Law , 14 : 513 – 521 .
  • Stephenson G.M. Abrams D. Wagner W. & Wade G. Partners in recall: Collaborative order in the recall of a police interrogation British Journal of Social Psychology 1986 25 341 – 343
  • Tulving , E. 1985 . Memory and consciousness . Canadian Psychology , 26 : 1 – 12 .
  • Underwood , G. and Milton , H. 1993 . Collusion after a collision: Witnesses’ reports of a road accident with and without discussion . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 7 : 11 – 22 .
  • Underwood , J. and Pezdek , K. 1998 . Memory suggestibility as an example of the sleeper effect . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 5 : 449 – 453 .
  • Weldon , M.S. , Blair , C. and Huebsch , P.D. 2000 . Group remembering: Does social loafing underlie collaborative inhibition? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 26 : 1568 – 1577 .
  • Wittenbaum , G.M. , Hubbell , A. and Zuckerman , C. 1999 . Mutual enhancement: Toward an understanding of the collective preference for shared information . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 77 : 967 – 978 .
  • Wright , D.B. 1993 . Misinformation and warnings in eyewitness testimony: A new testing procedure to differentiate explanations . Memory , 1 : 153 – 166 .
  • Wright , D.B. and McDaid , A.T. 1996 . Comparing system and estimator variables using data from real line-ups . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 10 : 75 – 84 .
  • Wright , D.B. , Self , G. and Justice , C. 2000 . Memory conformity: Exploring misinformation effects when presented by another person . British Journal of Psychology , 91 : 189 – 202 .
  • Wright , D.B. , Gabbert , F. , Memon , A. and London , K. 2008 . Changing the criterion for memory conformity in free recall and recognition . Memory , 16 : 137 – 148 .
  • Yarmey , A.D. 1992 . The effects of dyadic discussion on earwitness recall . Basic & Applied Social Psychology , 13 : 251 – 263 .
  • Yarmey , A.D. and Morris , S. 1998 . The effects of discussion on eyewitness memory . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 28 : 1637 – 1648 .
  • Zaragoza , M.S. and Koshmider , J.W. 1989 . Misled subjects may know more than their performance implies . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition , 15 : 246 – 255 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.