603
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and fear of personal crime: exploring their interrelationship as a function of risk estimation

&
Pages 921-932 | Received 20 Oct 2012, Accepted 31 Dec 2013, Published online: 27 Feb 2014

References

  • Acierno, R., Rheingold, A. A., Resnick, H. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2004). Predictors of fear of crime in older adults. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 385–396. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(03)00012-4
  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Andrews, B., Brewin, C. R., Rose, S., & Kirk, M. (2000). Predicting PTSD symptoms in victims of violent crime: The role of shame, anger, and childhood abuse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(1), 69–73. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.1.69
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Breslau, N., Peterson, E. L., Kessler, R. C., & Schultz, L. R. (1999). Short screening scale for DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 908–911.
  • Campbell, R., Greeson, M. R., Bybee, D., & Raja, S. (2008). The co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and sexual harassment: A mediational model of posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 194–207. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.194
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2008). Veiligheidsmonitor Rijk 2008: Landelijke Rapportage [Safety monitor state 2008: National report]. Voorburg/Den Haag/Heerlen: Author.
  • Chemtob, C., Roitblat, H. L., Hamada, R. S., Carlson, J. G., & Twentyman, C. T. (1988). A cognitive action theory of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2(3), 253–275. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(88)90006-0
  • Clancy, C. P., Graybeal, A., Tompson, W. P., Badgett, K. S., Feldman, M. E., Calhoun, P. S., … Beckham, J. C. (2006). Lifetime trauma exposure in veterans with military-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Association with current symptomatology. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 1346–1353. doi:10.4088/JCP.v67n0904
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
  • Ferraro, K. F., & Grange, R. L. (1987). The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Inquiry, 57(1), 70–97. doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01181.x
  • Gainey, R., Alper, M., & Chappell, A. T. (2011). Fear of crime revisited: Examining the direct and indirect effects of disorder, risk perception, and social capital. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(2), 120–137. doi:10.1007/s12103-010-9089-8
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4(2), 79–150. doi:10.1177/026975809600400201
  • Hembree, E. A., Street, G. P., Riggs, D. S., & Foa, E. B. (2004). Do assault-related variables predict response to cognitive behavioral treatment for PTSD? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 531–534. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.531
  • Jackson, J. (2009). A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15, 365–390. doi:10.1080/10683160802275797
  • Jackson, J. (2011). Revisiting risk sensitivity in the fear of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 48, 513–537. doi:10.1177/0022427810395146
  • Jackson, J., & Stafford, M. (2009). Public health and fear of crime: A prospective cohort study. British Journal of Criminology, 49, 832–847. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp033
  • Johansen, V. A., Wahl, A. K., Eilertsen, D. E., & Weisaeth, L. (2007). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in physically injured victims of nondomestic violence: A longitudinal study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 583–593. doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0205-0
  • Killias, M. (1990). Vulnerability: Towards a better understanding of a key variable in the genesis of fear of crime. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 97–108.
  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Best, C. L. (2003). Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 692–700. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.692
  • Kimerling, R., Ouimette, P., Prins, A., Nisco, P., Lawler, C., Cronkite, R., & Moos, R. H. (2006). Utility of a short screening scale for DSM-IV PTSD in primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(1), 65–67. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00292.x
  • Kunst, M. J. J. (2011). PTSD symptom clusters, feelings of revenge, and perceptions of perpetrator punishment severity in victims of interpersonal violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 34, 362–367. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.08.003
  • Kunst, M. J. J., & Winkel, F. W. (2013). Exploring the impact of dysfunctional posttraumatic survival responses on crime revictimization. Violence and Victims, 28, 670–680. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00035
  • Kunst, M. J. J., Winkel, F. W., & Bogaerts, S. (2011). Posttraumatic anger, recalled peritraumatic emotions, and PTSD in victims of violent crime. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3561–3579. doi:10.1177/0886260511403753
  • LaGrange, R. L., Ferraro, K. F., & Supancic, M. (1992). Perceived risk and fear of crime: Role of social and physical incivilities. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 311–334. doi:10.1177/0022427892029003004
  • Lawyer, S. R., Ruggiero, K. J., Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Saunders, B. E. (2006). Mental health correlates of the victim–perpetrator relationship among interpersonally victimized adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 1333–1353. doi:10.1177/0886260506291654
  • Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2001). Fear, anger, and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 146–159. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.146
  • Lindquist, J. H., & Duke, J. M. (1982). The elderly victim at risk: Explaining the fear-victimization paradox. Criminology, 20(1), 115–126. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1982.tb00451.x
  • Lorenc, T., Clayton, S., Neary, D., Whitehead, M., Petticrew, M., Thomson, H., … Renton, A. (2012). Crime, fear of crime, environment, and mental health and wellbeing: Mapping review of theories and causal pathways. Health & Place, 18, 757–765. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.001
  • Nishith, P., Mechanic, M. B., & Resick, P. A. (2000). Prior interpersonal trauma: The contribution to current PTSD symptoms in female rape victims. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(1), 20–25. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.1.20
  • Norris, F. H., & Kaniasty, K. (1992). A longitudinal study of the effects of various crime prevention strategies on criminal victimization, fear of crime, and psychological distress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 625–648.
  • Orth, U., Cahill, S. P., Foa, E. B., & Maercker, A. (2008). Anger and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in crime victims: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 208–218. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.208
  • Perloff, L. S. (1983). Perceptions of vulnerability to victimization. Journal of Social Issues, 39(2), 41–61. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1983.tb00140.x
  • Radcliffe, J., Fleisher, C. L., Hawkins, L. A., Tanney, M., Kassam-Adams, N., Ambrose, C., & Rudy, B. J. (2007). Posttraumatic stress and trauma history in adolescents and young adults with HIV. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 21, 501–508. doi:10.1089/apc.2006.0144
  • Rountree, P. W., & Land, K. C. (1996). Perceived risk versus fear of crime: Empirical evidence of conceptually distinct reactions in survey data. Social Forces, 74, 1353–1376.
  • Russo, S., & Roccato, M. (2010). How long does victimization foster fear of crime? A longitudinal study. Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 960–974. doi:10.1002/jcop.20408
  • Solomon, Z., Zur-Noah, S., Horesh, D., Zerach, G., & Keinan, G. (2008). The contribution of stressful life events throughout the life cycle to combat-induced psychopathology. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 318–325. doi:10.1002/jts.20340
  • Taft, C. T., Schumm, J., Orazem, R. J., Meis, L., & Pinto, L. A. (2010). Examining the link between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and dating aggression perpetration. Violence and Victims, 25, 456–469. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.456
  • Vanderveen, G. (2006). Interpreting fear, crime, risk and unsafety. Devon: Willan.
  • Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 42–65. doi:10.1177/0002716203262548
  • Winkel, F. W. (2009). Fear of crime (type A) revisited: Predicting panic disorder and persistent panic and fear symptoms following criminal victimisation. International Perspectives in Victimology, 4(1), 35–42.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.