2,642
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The endorsement of cognitive distortions: comparing child pornography offenders and contact sex offenders

, , , &
Pages 971-993 | Received 20 Aug 2012, Accepted 28 Feb 2014, Published online: 07 Apr 2014

References

  • Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Cunningham-Rathner, J., Rouleau, J. L., Kaplan, M., & Reich, J. (1984). Treatment manual: The treatment of child molesters. Atlanta, GA: Emory University.
  • Abel, G. G., Gore, D. K., Holland, C. L., Camp, N., Becker, J. V., & Rathner, J. (1989). The measurement of the cognitive distortions of child molesters. Annals of Sex Research, 2, 135–153.
  • Afifi, A., Clark, V. A., & May, S. (2004). Computer-aided multivariate analysis (4th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
  • Allan, M., Grace, R. C., Rutherford, B., & Hudson, S. M. (2007). Psychometric assessment of dynamic risk factors for child molesters. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19, 347–367. doi:10.1007/s11194-007-9052-5
  • Babchishin, K. M., Hanson, R. K., & Herrmann, C. A. (2010). The characteristics of online sex offenders: A meta-analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23, 92–123. doi:10.1177/1079063210370708
  • Babchishin, K. M., Hanson, R. K., & VanZuylen, H. (2014). Online child pornography offenders are different: A meta-analysis of the characteristics of online and offline sex offenders against children. Archives of Sexual Behaviour. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0270-x
  • Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Power, P., Hayden, E., Milne, R., & Stewart, I. (2006). Do you know what you believe? Developing the implicit relational assessment procedure as a direct measure of implicit beliefs. Irish Psychologist, 32, 169–177.
  • Bates, A., & Metcalf, C. (2007). A psychometric comparison of internet and non-internet sex offenders from a community treatment sample. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 13, 11–20. doi:10.1080/13552600701365654
  • Beck, A. T. (1963). Thinking and depression: 1. Idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 324–333. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1963.01720160014002
  • Beckett, R. C. (1987). The children and sex questionnaire. Oxford: Littlemore Health Centre.
  • Beckett, R. C., & Fisher, D. (1994, November). Assessing victim empathy: A new measure. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Francisco, CA.
  • Blumenthal, S., Gudjonsson, G., & Burns, J. (1999). Cognitive distortions and blame attribution in sex offenders against adults and children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 129–143. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00117-3
  • Bumby, K. M. (1996). Assessing cognitive distortions of child molesters and rapists: Development and validation of the MOLEST and RAPE scales. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 8, 37–54. doi:10.1177/107906329600800105
  • Carr, A. (2006). Internet censorship offending: A preliminary analysis of the social and behavioural patterns of offenders ( Doctoral dissertation). Bond University, Robina. Retrieved from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/carr/
  • DeLong, R., Durkin, K., & Hundersmarck, S. (2010). An exploratory analysis of the cognitive distortions of a sample of men arrested in internet sex stings. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16(1), 59–70. doi:10.1080/13552600903428235
  • D'Ovidio, R., Mitman, T., El-Burki, I. J., & Shumar, W. (2009). Adult-child sex advocacy websites as social learning environments: A content analysis. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 3, 421–440. Retrieved from http://www.cybercrimejournal.com/robertetaljan2009.htm
  • Durkin, K., & Bryant, C. (1999). Propagandising pederasty: A thematic analysis of the online exculpatory accounts of unrepentant pedophiles. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 20, 103–127. doi:10.1080/016396299266524
  • Elliott, I. A., Beech, A. R., & Mandelville-Norden, R. (2012). Psychological profiles of internet, contact, and mixed internet/contact sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. doi:10.1177/1079063212439426
  • Elliott, I. A., Beech, A. R., Mandelville-Norden, R., & Hayes, E. (2009). Psychological profiles of internet sex offenders: Comparisons with contact sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 21, 76–92.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: SAGE.
  • Friestad, C. (2011). Making sense, making good, or making meaning? Cognitive distortions as targets of change in offender treatment. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56, 465–482. doi:10.1177/0306624X11402945
  • Gannon, T. A. (2009). Current cognitive distortion theory and research: An internalist approach to cognition. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 15, 225–246. doi:10.1080/13552600903263079
  • Gannon, T. A., Keown, K., & Polaschek, D. L. L. (2007). Increasing honest responding on cognitive distortions in child molesters: The bogus pipeline revisited. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19, 5–22. doi:10.1177/10790632070190010327
  • Gray, N. S., Brown, A. S., MacCulloch, M. J., Smith, J., & Snowden, R. J. (2005). An implicit test of the associations between children and sex in pedophiles. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 304–308. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.2.304
  • Hanson, R. K., Gizzarelli, R., & Scott, H. (1994). The attitudes of incest offenders: Sexual entitlement and acceptance of sex with children. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21, 187–202. doi:10.1177/0093854894021002001
  • Hayes, E., & Middleton, D. (2006). Internet sexual offending treatment programme (i-SOTP): Theory manual. Westminster: National Offender Management Service.
  • Holt, T. J., Blevins, K. R., & Burkert, N. (2010). Considering the pedophile subculture online. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 22, 3–24. doi:10.1177/1079063209344979
  • Howitt, D., & Sheldon, K. (2007). The role of cognitive distortions in pedophilic offending: Internet and contact offenders compared. Psychology, Crime & Law, 13, 469–486. doi:10.1080/10683160601060564
  • Johnson, R. A., & Wichern, D. W. (2002). Applied multivariate statistical analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Keown, K., Gannon, T. A., & Ward, T. (2010). What's in a measure? A multi-method study of child sexual offenders’ beliefs. Psychology, Crime & Law, 16, 125–143. doi:10.1080/10683160802622022
  • Kolton, D. J. C., Boer, A., & Boer, D. P. (2001). A revision of the Abel and Becker cognition scale for intellectually disabled sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 217–219. doi:10.1177/107906320101300306
  • Mann, R., & Beech, A. (2003). Cognitive distortions, schemas, and implicit theories. In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies (pp. 135–153). London: SAGE.
  • Marshall, W. L., Hamilton, K., & Fernandez, Y. (2001). Empathy deficits and cognitive distortions in child molesters. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 123–130. doi:10.1023/A:1026652321327
  • Marshall, W. L., Marshall, L. E., & Kingston, D. (2011). Are the cognitive distortions of child molesters in need of treatment? Journal of Sexual Aggression: An International, Interdisciplinary Forum for Research, Theory, and Practice, 17, 118–129. doi:10.1080/13552600.2011.580572
  • Maruna, S., & Mann, R. E. (2006). A fundamental attribution error? Rethinking cognitive distortions. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 11, 155–177. doi:10.1348/135532506X114608
  • Merdian, H. L., Boer, D. P., Thakker, J., Wilson, N., & Curtis, C. (2013). ‘So why did you do it?’ Explanations provided by child pornography offenders. Journal of Sex Offender Therapy, 8, 1–19.
  • Merdian, H. L., Curtis, C., Thakker, J., Wilson, N., & Boer, D. P. (2011). The three dimensions of online child pornography offending. Journal of Sexual Aggression. doi:10.1080/13552600.2011.611898
  • O'Brien, M. D., & Webster, S. D. (2007). The construction and preliminary validation of the Internet Behaviours and Attitudes Questionnaire (IBAQ). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19, 237–256. doi:10.1007/s11194-007-9057-0
  • Ó Ciardha, C., & Gannon, T. (2011). The cognitive distortions of child molesters are in need of treatment. Journal of Sexual Aggression: An International, Interdisciplinary Forum for Research, Theory, and Practice, 17, 130–141. doi:10.1080/13552600.2011.580573
  • O'Halloran, E., & Quayle, E. (2010). A content analysis of a ‘boy love’ support forum: Revisiting Durkin and Bryant. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16, 71–85. doi:10.1080/13552600903395319
  • Quayle, E., & Taylor, M. (2001). Child seduction and self-representation on the internet. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 4, 597–608. doi:10.1089/109493101753235197
  • Quayle, E., & Taylor, M. (2003). Model of problematic internet use in people with a sexual interest in children. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 6, 93–106. doi:10.1089/109493103321168009
  • SAS Library. (1995). Factor analysis using SAS PROC FACTOR. Retrieved from http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/library/factor_ut.htm
  • Sheldon, K., & Howitt, D. (2007). Sex offenders and the internet. Chichester: West Sussex.
  • Snowden, R. J., Craig, R. L., & Gray, N. S. (2011). Indirect behavioural measures of cognition among sexual offenders. Journal of Sex Research, 48, 192–217. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.557750
  • Stermac, L., & Segal, Z. (1989). Adult sexual contact with children: An examination of cognitive factors. Behavior Therapy, 20, 573–584. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80135-2
  • Tierny, D. W., & McCabe, M. P. (2001). An evaluation of self-report measures of cognitive distortions and empathy among Australian sex offenders. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 495–519. doi:10.1023/A:1010239217517
  • Ward, T., & Beech, A. (2006). An integrated theory of sexual offending. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 11, 44–63. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2005.05.002
  • Ward, T., & Keenan, T. (1999). Child molesters’ implicit theories. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 821–838. doi:10.1177/088626099014008003

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.