Intoxicated eyewitnesses: prevalence and procedures according to England’s police officers

References

• Anderson, P., & Baumberg, B. (2006). Alcohol in Europe. London, UK: Institute of Alcohol Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Bingham, T. (2006). Assessing contentious eyewitness evidence: A judicial review. In A. Heaton-Armstrong, E. Shepherd, G. Gudjonsson, & D. Wolchover (Eds.), Witness testimony: Psychological, investigative and evidential perspectives (pp. 327–345). Oxford, UK: Oxford Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Boyce, M., Beaudry, J. L., & Lindsay, R. C. (2007). Belief of eyewitness identification evidence. In R. Lindsay, D. Ross, J. Read, & M. Toglia (Eds.), The handbook of eyewitness psychology: Memory for people ( Vol. 2, pp. 501–525). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, N., & Burke, A. (2002). Effects of testimonial inconsistencies and eyewitness confidence on mock-juror judgments. Law and Human Behavior, 26(3), 353–364. doi: 10.1023/A:1015380522722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coupe, T., & Griffiths, M. (1996). Solving residential burglary ( Crime Detection and Prevention Series No.77). London, UK: Home Office.
   Google Scholar
• Crossland, D., Kneller, W., & Wilcock, R. (2016). Intoxicated witnesses: Testing the validity of the alcohol myopia theory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(2), 270–281. doi: 10.1002/acp.3209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. P., Valentine, T., Memon, A., & Roberts, A. J. (2015). Identification on the street: A field comparison of police street identifications and video line-ups in England. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21(1), 9–27. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2014.915322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deffenbacher, K. A., Bornstein, B. H., Penrod, S. D., & McGorty, E. K. (2004). A meta-analytic review of the effects of high stress on eyewitness memory. Law and Human Behavior, 28(6), 687–706. doi: 10.1007/s10979-004-0565-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorsey, T. L., & Middleton, P. (2010). Drugs and crime facts. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/dcf.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Evans, J. R., Schreiber Compo, N., & Russano, M. B. (2009). Intoxicated witnesses and suspects: Procedures and prevalence according to law enforcement. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 15(3), 194–221. doi: 10.1037/a0016837
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowe, H. D., Takarangi, M. K., Humphries, J. E., & Wright, D. S. (2016). Alcohol and remembering a hypothetical sexual assault: Can people who were under the influence of alcohol during the event provide accurate testimony? Memory, 24(8), 1042–1061. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1064536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawrylowicz, J., Ridley, A. M., Albery, I. P., Barnoth, E., & Young, J. (2017). Alcohol-induced retrograde facilitation renders witnesses of crime less suggestible to misinformation. Psychopharmacology, 234(8), 1267–1275. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4564-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, T. K., & Weisner, C. (1995). Drinking problems and self-reported criminal behavior, arrests and convictions: 1990 US alcohol and 1989 county surveys. Addiction, 90(3), 361–373. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.9033616.x doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb03784.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagsand, A., Roos af Hjelmsäter, E., Granhag, P. A., Fahlke, C., & Söderpalm-Gordh, A. (2013). Bottled memories: On how alcohol affects eyewitness recall. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(3), 188–195. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagsand, A., Roos af Hjelmsäter, E., Granhag, P. A., Fahlke, C., & Söderpalm-Gordh, A. (2017). Witnesses stumbling down memory lane: The effects of alcohol intoxication, retention interval, and repeated interviewing. Memory, 25(4), 531–543. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2016.1191652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, A. J., Kneller, W., & Campbell, A. C. (2013a). The effects of alcohol intoxication on attention and memory for visual scenes. Memory, 21(8), 969–980. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.770033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, A. J., Kneller, W., & Campbell, A. C. (2013b). The elusive effects of alcohol intoxication on visual attention and eyewitness memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27(5), 617–624. doi: 10.1002/acp.2940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrand Karlén, M., Roos af Hjelmsäter, E., Fahlke, C., Granhag, P. A., & Söderpalm-Gordh, A. (2015). Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses’ memory of intimate partner violence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21(2), 156–171. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2014.951644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Home Office. (2002). Achieving the best evidence in criminal proceedings: Guidance for vulnerable and intimidated witnesses, including children. London, UK: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Huff, M. J., Weinsheimer, C. C., & Bodner, G. E. (2016). Reducing the misinformation effect through initial testing: Take two tests and recall me in the morning? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(1), 61–69. doi: 10.1002/acp.3167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kebbell, M., & Milne, R. (1998). Police officer’s perceptions of eyewitness performance in forensic investigations. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(3), 323–330. doi:10.1080/ 00224549809600384 doi: 10.1080/00224549809600384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneller, W., & Harvey, A. J. (2016). Line-up identification accuracy: The effects of alcohol, target presence, confidence ratings, and response time. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 8(1), 11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpal.2015.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Rooy, D., Nicol, A., & Terry, P. (2013). Intoxicated eyewitnesses: The effects of alcohol on eyewitness recall across repeated interviews. Open Journal of Medical Psychology, 2(3), 107–114. doi: 10.4236/ojmp.2013.23017
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay, R. C. (1994). Expectations of eyewitness performance: Jurors verdicts do not follow their beliefs. In D. Ross, J. Read, & M. Toglia (Eds.), Adult eyewitness testimony (pp. 362–384). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mäkelä, P., Fonager, K., Hibell, B., Nordlund, S., Sabroe, S., & Simpura, J. (1999). Drinking habits in the Nordic countries. Oslo, Norway: National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research.
   Google Scholar
• Malpass, R. S., Tredoux, C. G., Schreiber Compo, N., McQuiston-Surrett, D., MacLin, O. H., Zimmerman, L. A., & Topp, L. D. (2008). Study space analysis for policy development. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22(6), 789–801. doi: 10.1002/acp.1483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marche, T. A., Briere, J. L., Cordwell, T. L., & Holliday, R. E. (2014). Interviewing the elderly eyewitness. In M. Toglia, D. Ross, J. Pozzulo, & E. Pica (Eds.), The elderly eyewitness in court (pp. 263–286). London, UK: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maylor, E. A., & Rabbitt, P. M. (1993). Alcohol, reaction time and memory: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 84(3), 301–317. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02485.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ministry of Justice. (2011). Achieving best evidence in criminal proceedings guidance on interviewing victims and witnesses, and guidance on using special measures (1st ed.). London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Office of National Statistics. (2017). Crime and justice: Focus on violent crime and sexual offences, year ending March 2016. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/compendium/focusonviolentcrimeandsexualoffences/yearendingmarch2016
   Google Scholar
• Office of National Statistics (ONS). (2016). Crime and justice: Focus on violent crime and sexual offences, year ending March 2015. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/compendium/focusonviolentcrimeandsexualoffences/yearendingmarch2015
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, F. T., Flowe, H. D., Takarangi, M. K., & Humphries, J. E. (2013). Intoxicated witnesses and suspects: An archival analysis of their involvement in criminal case processing. Law and Human Behavior, 37(1), 54–59. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramstedt, M., & Hope, A. (2005). The Irish drinking culture: Drinking and drinking-related harm: A European comparison. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Health and Children.
   Google Scholar
• Rossow, I., & Hauge, R. (2004). Who pays for the drinking? Characteristics of the extent and distribution of social harms from others’ drinking. Addiction, 99(9), 1094–1102. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00788.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossow, I., Pernanen, K., & Rehm, J. (2001). Accidents, suicide and violence. In H. Klingemann & G. Gmel (Eds.), Mapping the social consequences of alcohol consumption (pp. 93–112). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• R v. Turnbull. (1976). 98 Cr. App. R. 313.
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber Compo, N., Carol, R. N., Evans, J. R., Pimentel, P., Holness, H., Nichols-Lopez, K., … Furton, K. G. (2017). Witness memory and alcohol: The effects of state-dependent recall. Law and Human Behavior, 41(2), 202–215. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiber Compo, N., Evans, J. R., Carol, R. N., Kemp, D., Villalba, D., Ham, L. S., & Rose, S. (2011). Alcohol intoxication and memory for events: A snapshot of alcohol myopia in a real-world drinking scenario. Memory, 19(2), 202–210. doi:10.1080/09658211 2010.546802 doi: 10.1080/09658211.2010.546802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sporer, S. L., Penrod, S., Read, D., & Cutler, B. (1995). Choosing, confidence and accuracy: A meta-analysis of the confidence-accuracy relation in eyewitness identification studies. Psychological Bulletin, 118(3), 315–327. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, J. (2007). The world of crime: Breaking the silence on problems of security, justice and development across the world. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Van Oorsouw, K., & Merckelbach, H. (2012). The effects of alcohol on crime-related memories: A field study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26(1), 82–90. doi: 10.1002/acp.1799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, G. L. (1978). Applied eyewitness-testimony research: System variables and estimator variables. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(12), 1546–1557. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.36.12.1546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, G. L., & Loftus, E. F. (2003). Eyewitness memory for people and events. In A. Goldstein & I. Weiner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Forensic psychology ( Vol. 11, pp. 149–160). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• White, A. M. (2003). What happened? Alcohol, memory blackouts, and the brain. Alcohol Research & Health, 27(2), 186–196. Retrieved from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/ publications/arh27-2/186-196.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Yarvis, R. M. (1994). Patterns of substance abuse and intoxication among murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 22(1), 133–144.
   Google Scholar
• Yuille, J. C. (1986). Police selection and training: The role of psychology. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
   Google Scholar
• Yuille, J. C., & Tollestrup, P. A. (1990). Some effects of alcohol on eyewitness memory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(3), 268–273. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.75.3.268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar