1,008
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Optimizing CBCA and RM research: recommendations for analyzing and reporting data on content cues to deception

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1-39 | Received 20 May 2019, Accepted 09 Mar 2020, Published online: 05 May 2020

References

  • Amado, B. G., Arce, R., & Fariña, F. (2015). Undeutsch hypothesis and criteria-based content analysis: A meta-analytic review. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 7(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2014.11.002
  • Amado, B. G., Arce, R., Fariña, F., & Vilariño, M. (2016). Criteria-Based content analysis (CBCA) reality criteria in adults: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 16(2), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.01.002
  • Anastasi, A. (1990). Psychological testing. Macmillan.
  • Arntzen, F. (1970/1993). Psychologie der Zeugenaussage. Systematik der Glaubwürdigkeitsmerkmale [Psychology of eyewitness testimony. System of credibility criteria] (1st/3rd ed.). C. H. Beck.
  • Babchishin, K. M., & Helmus, L.-M. (2016). The influence of base rates on correlations: An evaluation of proposed alternative effect sizes with real-world data. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 1021–1031. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0627-7
  • Bernstein, D. M., & Loftus, E. F. (2009). How to tell if a particular memory is true or false. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4), 370–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01140.x
  • Blandón-Gitlin, I., Pezdek, K., Lindsay, D. S., & Hagen, L. (2009). Criteria-based content analysis of true and suggested accounts of events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(7), 901–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1504
  • Bond, C. F., & DePaulo, B. M. (2006). Accuracy of deception judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 214–234. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_2
  • Borenstein, M. (2009). Effect sizes for continuous data. In H. Cooper, L. V. Harris, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (pp. 221–235). Russell Sage.
  • Callaham, M. L., Wears, R. L., Weber, E. J., Barton, C., & Young, G. (1998). Positive-outcome bias and other limitations in the outcome of research abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting. JAMA, 280(3), 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.3.254
  • Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children's testimony. American Psychological Association.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression, correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and application. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
  • Cortina, J. M., & Nouri, H. (2000). Effect sizes for ANOVA designs. Sage.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of psychological testing. Harper & Row.
  • DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 74–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.74
  • Dukala, K., Sporer, S. L., & Polczyk, R. (2019). Detecting deception: Does the Cognitive Interview impair discrimination with CBCA criteria in elderly witnesses? Psychology, Crime & Law, 25(2), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2018.1511789
  • Dunlap, W. P., Cortina, J., Vaslow, J. B., & Burke, M. J. (1996). Meta-analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.170
  • Echeburúa, E., Muñoz, J. M., & Loinaz, I. (2011). La evaluación psicológica forense frente a la evaluación clínica: Propuestas y retos de futuro [Forensic psychological assessment versus clinical assessment. Proposals and future challenges]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11, 141–159.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed). Sage.
  • Hartwig, M., & Bond, C. F., Jr. (2011). Why do lie-catchers fail? A lens model meta-analysis of human lie judgments. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 643–659. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023589
  • Hauch, V., Blandón-Gitlin, I., Masip, J., & Sporer, S. L. (2015). Are computers effective lie detectors? A meta-analysis of linguistic cues to deception. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(4), 307–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314556539
  • Hauch, V., Sporer, S. L., Masip, J., & Blandón-Gitlin, I. (2017). Can credibility criteria be assessed reliably? A meta-analysis of Criteria-based Content Analysis. Psychological Assessment, 29(6), 819–834. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000426
  • Howell, D. C. (2010). Statistical methods for psychology. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Johnson, M. K., Foley, M. A., Suengas, A. G., & Raye, C. L. (1988). Phenomenal characteristics of memories for perceived and imagined autobiographical events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(4), 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.371
  • Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3
  • Johnson, M. K., & Raye, C. L. (1981). Reality monitoring. Psychological Review, 88(1), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.88.1.67
  • Kerlinger, F. N., & Pedhazur, E. J. (1973). Multiple regression in behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Kline, P. (1986). A handbook of test construction: Introduction to psychometric design. Methuen.
  • Köhnken, G. (1990). Glaubwürdigkeit: Untersuchungen zu einem psychologischen Konstrukt [Credibility: Investigation of a psychological construct]. Psychologie-Verlags-Union.
  • Köhnken, G. (1996). Social psychology and the law. In G. R. Semin & K. Fiedler (Eds.), Applied social psychology (pp. 257–281). Sage.
  • Köhnken, G. (2004). Statement validity analysis and the “detection of the truth". In P. A. Granhag & L. A. Strömwall (Eds.), The detection of deception in forensic contexts (pp. 41–63). Cambridge University Press.
  • Köhnken, G. (2019). Fehlerquellen in aussagepsychologischen Gutachten [Sources of errors in expert credibility assessments]. In R. Deckers (Ed.), Die Erhebung und Bewertung von Zeugenaussagen im Strafprozess (pp. 25–69). Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag.
  • Köhnken, G., Manzanero, A. L., & Scott, M. T. (2015). Análisis de la validez de las declaraciones: Mitos y limitaciones [Statement validity assessment: Myths and limitations]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 25(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apj.2015.01.004
  • Kulkofsky, S. (2008). Credible but inaccurate: Can criterion-based Content Analysis (CBCA) distinguish true and false memories? In M. J. Smith (Ed.), Child sexual abuse: Issues and challenges (pp. 21–42). Nova Science.
  • Levine, T. R., Asada, K. J., & Carpenter, C. (2009). Sample sizes and effect sizes are negatively correlated in meta-analyses: Evidence and implications of a publication bias against nonsignificant findings. Communication Monographs, 76(3), 286–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903074685
  • Levine, T. R., Park, H. S., & McCornack, S. A. (1999). Accuracy in detecting truths and lies: Documenting the “veracity effect”. Communication Monographs, 66(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759909376468
  • Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Sage.
  • Loohs, S. (2013). Aussagen von Zeugen mit intellektueller Einschränkung [Statements of witnesses with intellectual disabilities]. Praxis der Rechtspsychologie, 23, 72–86.
  • Luke, T. J. (2019). Lessons from Pinocchio: Cues to deception may be highly exaggerated. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(4), 646–671. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619838258
  • Maier, B. G., Niehaus, S., Wachholz, S., & Volbert, R. (2018). The strategic meaning of CBCA criteria from the perspective of deceivers. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 855. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00855
  • Manzanero, A. L., Alemany, A., Recio, M., Vallet, R., & Aróztegui, J. (2015). Evaluating the credibility of statements given by persons with intellectual disability. Anales de Psicología, 31(1), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.1.166571
  • Manzanero, A. L., & Diges, M. (1995). Effects of preparation on internal and external memories. In G. Davies, S. Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran, & C. Wilson (Eds.), Psychology, law and criminal justice. International developments in research and practice (pp. 56–63). Walter De Gruyter.
  • Manzanero, A., Quintana, J. M., & Contreras, M. J. (2015). (The null) importance of police experience on intuitive credibility of people with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.009
  • Manzanero, A. L., Scott, M. T., Vallet, R., Aróztegui, J., & Bull, R. (2019). Criteria-Based content analysis in true and simulated victims with intellectual disability. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 29(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5093/apj2019a1
  • Masip, J. (2017). Deception detection: State of the art and future prospects. Psicothema, 29, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2017.34
  • Masip, J., Alonso, H., Garrido, E., & Herrero, C. (2009). Training to detect what? The biasing effects of training on veracity judgments. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(9), 1282–1296. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1535
  • Masip, J., Sporer, S. L., Garrido, E., & Herrero, C. (2005). The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: A review of the empirical evidence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 11(1), 99–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160410001726356
  • Morris, S. B., & DeShon, R. P. (1997). Correcting effect sizes computed from factorial analysis of variance for use in meta-analysis. Psychological Methods, 2(2), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.2.2.192
  • Nahari, G. (2017). Top-down processes in interpersonal reality monitoring assessments. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 23(2), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000110
  • Nahari, G., Ashkenazi, T., Fisher, R. P., Granhag, P.-A., Hershkowitz, I., Masip, J., Meijer, E. H., Nisin, Z., Sarid, N., Taylor, P. J., Verschuere, B., & Vrij, A. (2019). “Language of lies”: Urgent issues and prospects in verbal lie detection research. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 24(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12148.
  • Niehaus, S. (2000). Zur Anwendbarkeit inhaltlicher Glaubhaftigkeitsmerkmale bei Zeugenaussagen unterschiedlichen Wahrheitsgehaltes [Applicability of content credibility criteria to statements of different degrees of truthfulness]. Peter Lang.
  • Reinhard, M.-A., Burghardt, K., Sporer, S. L., & Bursch, S. E. (2002). Alltagsvorstellungen über inhaltliche Kennzeichen von Lügen: Selbstberichtete Begründungen bei konkreten Glaubwürdigkeitsurteilen [Lay persons’ reasons regarding content-related cues to deception given when making credibility judgments]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 33(3), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1024//0044-3514.33.3.169.
  • Reinhard, M.-A., Sporer, S. L., & Scharmach, M. (2013). Perceived familiarity with a judgmental situation improves lie detection ability. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 72(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000098
  • Reinhard, M.-A., Sporer, S. L., Scharmach, M., & Marksteiner, T. (2011). Listening, not watching: Situational familiarity and the ability to detect deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023726
  • Schooler, J. W., Clark, C. A., & Loftus, E. F. (1988). Knowing when memory is real. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues. Vol. 1. Memory in everyday life (pp. 83–88). Wiley.
  • Schooler, J. W., Gerhard, D., & Loftus, E. F. (1986). Qualities of the unreal. Journal of Experimemal Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.2.171
  • Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632
  • Skinner, L. J., & Berry, K. K. (1993). Anatomically detailed dolls and the evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations. Law and Human Behavior, 17(4), 399–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01044375
  • Sporer, S. L. (1997). The less travelled road to truth: Verbal cues in deception detection in accounts of fabricated and self-experienced events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11(5), 373–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199710)11:5<373::AID-ACP461>3.0.CO;2-0
  • Sporer, S. L. (2004). Reality monitoring and the detection of deception. In P. A. Granhag & L. Strömwall (Eds.), Deception detection in forensic contexts (pp. 64–102). Cambridge University Press.
  • Sporer, S. L. (2008). Lessons from the origins of eyewitness testimony research in Europe. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22(6), 737–757. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1479
  • Sporer, S. L. (2016). Deception and cognitive load: Expanding our horizon with a working memory model. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00420
  • Sporer, S. L., & Bursch, E. (1996, April). Detection of deception by verbal means: Before and after training. Paper presented at the 38th Tagung experimentell arbeitender Psychologen in Eichstätt, Germany.
  • Sporer, S. L., & Küpper, B. (1995). Realitaetsüberwachung und die Beurteilung des Wahrheitsgehaltes von Erzählungen: Eine experimentelle Studie [Reality monitoring and the judgment of credibility of stories: An experimental investigation]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 26, 173–193.
  • Sporer, S. L., & Küpper, B. (2004). Fantasie und Wirklichkeit – Erinnerungsqualitäten von wahren und erfundenen Geschichten [Fantasy and reality – memory qualities of true and invented stories]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 212(3), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1026/0044-3409.212.3.135
  • Sporer, S. L., Küpper, B., & Bursch, S. E. (1995, April). Hilft Wissen ueber Realitaetsüberwachung, um zwischen wahren und erfundenen Geschichten zu unterscheiden? [Does knowledge about reality monitoring help discriminate between true and invented stories?]. Paper presented at the 37th Tagung experimentell arbeitender Psychologen in Bochum, Germany.
  • Sporer, S. L., & Schwandt, B. (2006). Paraverbal indicators of deception: A meta-analytic synthesis. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20(4), 421–446. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1190
  • Sporer, S. L., & Schwandt, B. (2007). Moderators of nonverbal indicators of deception: A meta-analytic synthesis. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 13(1), 1–34. http://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.13.1.1
  • Sporer, S. L., & Sharman, S. J. (2006). Should I believe this? Reality monitoring of accounts of self-experienced and invented recent and distant autobiographical events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20(6), 837–854. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1234
  • Steller, M. (1989). Recent developments in statement analysis. In J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 135–154). Kluwer Academic.
  • Steller, M. (2019). Die Entdeckung der Scheinerinnerung [The discovery of false memories]. In R. Deckers (Ed.), Die Erhebung und Bewertung von Zeugenaussagen im Strafprozess (pp. 71–96). Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag.
  • Steller, M., & Köhnken, G. (1989). Criteria-based statement analysis. In D. C. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological methods in criminal investigation and evidence (pp. 217–245). Springer.
  • Steller, M., Wellershaus, P., & Wolf, P. (1992). Realkennzeichen in Kinderaussagen: Empirische Grundlagen der kriterienorientierten Aussagenanalyse [Reality criteria in children’s testimonies: Empirical principles of Criteria-based Content Analysis]. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 39, 151–170.
  • Stern, L. W. (1903–1906). Beiträge zur Psychologie der Aussage (2 Bände) [Contributions to the psychology of testimony (2 Vols.)]. Leipzig, Germany: Barth. (1. Folge 1903–04; 2. Folge 1905–06).
  • Stern, L. W. (1926). Jugendliche Zeugen in Sittlichkeitsprozessen [Juvenile witnesses in criminal trials of sexual abuse]. Quelle & Meyer.
  • Szewczyk, H. (1973). Kriterien der Beurteilung kindlicher Zeugenaussagen [Criteria for the evaluation of children's eyewitness statements]. Probleme und Ergebnisse der Psychologie, 46, 47–66.
  • Tabachnik, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed). Pearson.
  • Trankell, A. (1971). Der Realitätsgehalt von Zeugenaussagen [Reliability of evidence: Methods for analyzing and assessing witness statements]. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (Translation of the Swedish edition).
  • Tversky, A. (1977). Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84(4), 327–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.4.327
  • Undeutsch, U. (1967). Beurteilung der Glaubhaftigkeit von Zeugenaussagen [Credibility assessments of eyewitness testimonies]. In U. Undeutsch (Ed.), Handbuch der Psychologie, Band 11: Forensische Psychologie (pp. 26–181). Hogrefe.
  • Volbert, R., Schemmel, J., & Tamm, A. (2019). Die aussagepsychologische Begutachtung: Eine verengte Perspektive? [Statement Validity Analysis: A narrowed perspective?]. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 13(2), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-019-00528-5.
  • Volbert, R., & Steller, M. (2014). Is this testimony truthful, fabricated, or based on false memory? Credibility assessment 25 years after Steller and Köhnken (1989). European Psychologist, 19(3), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000200.
  • Volbert, R., & Steller, M. (2015). Die Begutachtung der Glaubhaftigkeit [Credibility assessment]. In H. Dreßing & E. Habermeyer (Eds.), Psychiatrische Begutachtung. Ein praktisches Handbuch für Ärzte und Juristen (6th ed, pp. 683–707). Urban & Fischer.
  • Vrij, A. (2008). Detecting lies and deceit. Pitfalls and opportunities (2nd ed.). Wiley.
  • Wechsler, D. A. (2008). Wechsler Adult intelligence scale (4th ed). Psychological Corporation.
  • Wegener, H. (1989). The present state of statement analysis. In J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 121–133). Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.