References
- Armstrong, G. S., Atkin-Plunk, C. A., & Wells, J. (2015). The relationship between work-family conflict, correctional officer job stress, and job satisfaction. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(10), 1066–1082. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854815582221
- Berry, W. D. (1993). Understanding regression assumptions. Sage Publications.
- Boateng, F. D., & Hsieh, M. L. (2019a). Misconduct within the “four walls”: does organizational justice matter in explaining prison officers’ misconduct and job stress? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(2), 289–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18780941
- Boateng, F. D., & Hsieh, M. L. (2019b). Explaining job satisfaction and commitment among prison officers: The role of organizational justice. The Prison Journal, 99(2), 172–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519825491
- Bohen, H. H., & Viveros-Long, A. (1981). Balancing jobs and family life: Do flexible work schedules help? Temple University Press.
- Brough, P., & O’Driscoll, M. (2005). Work-family conflict and stress. In A. Antoniou, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Research companion to organizational health psychology (pp. 346–365). Edward Elgar Publisher.
- Cao, L., & Cullen, F. T. (2001). Thinking about crime and control: A comparative study of Chinese and American ideology. International Criminal Justice Review, 11(1), 58–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/105756770101100103
- Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386–400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386
- Colquitt, J. A., Greenberg, J., & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2005). What is organizational justice? A historical overview. In J. Greenberg, & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of organizational justice (pp. 3–56). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Cropanzano, R., Brown, D. E., & Gilliland, S. W. (2007). The management of organizational justice. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(4), 34–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.27895338
- Folger, R. G., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Sage.
- Frenkel, S. J., Li, M., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2012). Management, organizational justice and emotional exhaustion among Chinese migrant workers: Evidence from two manufacturing firms. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(1), 121–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2011.00858.x
- Gorsuch, R. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Greenberg, J. (1990a). Looking fair vs. Being fair: Managing impressions of organizational justice. In B. M. Shaw, & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior: Vol. 12 (pp. 111–157). JAI Press.
- Greenberg, J. (1990b). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399–432. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600208
- Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
- Griffin, M. L. (2005). Women as breadwinners: The gendered nature of side-bets and their influence on correctional officers’ commitment to the organization. Women & Criminal Justice, 17(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J012v17n01_01
- Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2005). Side-bets and reciprocity as determinants of organizational commitment among correctional officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(6), 611–625. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010
- Higgins, C. A., & Duxbury, L. E. (1992). Work-family conflict: A comparison of dual-career and traditional-career men. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(4), 389–411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130407
- Hofstede, G. (2003). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (3rd ed). Sage.
- Hofstede Insights. (2021). Country comparison. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/
- Hogan, N. L., Lambert, E. G., Jenkins, M., & Wambold, S. (2006). The impact of occupational stressors on correctional staff organizational commitment: A preliminary study. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 22(1), 44–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986205285084
- Jiang, Z., Gollan, P. J., & Brooks, G. (2017). Relationships between organizational justice, organizational trust and organizational commitment: A cross-cultural study of China, South Korea and Australia. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(7), 973–1004. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1128457
- Jiang, S., Lambert, E. G., Jin, X., Xiang, D., Shi, M., & Zhang, D. (2018). Correlates of organizational commitment among community correctional officers in China. The Prison Journal, 98(1), 60–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885517743706
- Jiang, S., Lambert, E., Zhang, D., Jin, X., Shi, M., & Xiang, D. (2016). Effects of work environment variables on job satisfaction among community correctional staff in China. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(10), 1450–1471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854816633493
- Jiang, S., Wang, J., & Lambert, E. (2010). Correlates of informal social control in guangzhou, China neighborhoods. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.015
- Jiang, S., & Wu, Y. (2015). Chinese people’s intended and actual use of the court to resolve grievance/dispute. Social Science Research, 49, 42–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.07.009
- Jowell, R. (1998). How comparative is comparative research? American Behavioral Scientist, 42(2), 168–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764298042002004
- Judge, T. A., & Colquitt, J. A. (2004). Organizational justice and stress: The mediating role of work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 395. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.395
- Kincade, B. (2018, May 21) The economics of the American prison system. Retrieved from https://smartasset.com/mortgage/the-economics-of-the-american-prison-system.
- Lambert, E. (2003). The impact of organizational justice on correctional staff. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(02)00222-2
- Lambert, E. G. (2008). A test of a turnover intent model: The issue of correctional staff satisfaction and commitment. In E. R. Maguire, & D. E. Duffee (Eds.), Criminal Justice theory: Explaining the nature and behavior of Criminal Justice (pp. 243–276). Routledge.
- Lambert, E. G., Haynes, S. H., Keena, L. D., May, D., & Leone, M. (2019). Research note: The relationship of organizational justice variables with job involvement among southern prison staff. Journal of Crime and Justice, 42(4), 480–494. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2019.1581652
- Lambert, E., & Hogan, N. (2006). Correlates of correctional staff work-family conflict. Professional Issues in Criminal Justice, 1(2), 17–34.
- Lambert, E., & Hogan, N. (2009). The importance of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in shaping turnover intent: A test of a causal model. Criminal Justice Review, 34(1), 96–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016808324230
- Lambert, E. G., & Hogan, N. L. (2007). An exploratory study: Correlates of correctional staff absenteeism views and absenteeism. Corrections Compendium, 32(4), 7–11. 26-28.
- Lambert, E. G., & Hogan, N. L. (2010). Work-family conflict and job burnout among correctional staff. Psychological Reports, 106(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.106.1.19-26
- Lambert, E. G., & Hogan, N. L. (2011). Association between distributive justice and procedural justice and life satisfaction among correctional staff. Professional Issues in Criminal Justice, 6(3/4), 31–41.
- Lambert, E. G., & Hogan, N. L. (2013). The association of distributive and procedural justice with organizational citizenship behaviors. The Prison Journal, 93(3), 313–334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885513490491
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Allen, R. I. (2006). Correlates of correctional officer job stress: The impact of organizational structure. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02885893
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Barton-Bellessa, S. M. (2011). The association between perceptions of distributive justice and procedural justice with support of treatment and support of punishment among correctional staff. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 50(4), 202–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2011.552586
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Barton, S. M. (2002a). Building commitment among correctional staff. Corrections Compendium, 27(3), 1–5. 24-28.
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Barton, S. M. (2002b). The impact of work-family conflict on correctional staff job satisfaction: An exploratory study. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 27(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02898969
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., Camp, S. D., & Ventura, L. A. (2006). The impact of work-family conflict on correctional staff: A preliminary study. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(4), 371–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895806068572
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Cheeseman, K. (2013a). Research note – strain-based work family conflict and its relationship with perceptions of distributive and procedural justice among correctional staff. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 28(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9111-9
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Cheeseman, K. (2013b). The link between organizational justice and job involvement. Corrections Compendium, 37(2), 9–16.
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distribute and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644–656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Jiang, S. (2008). Exploring antecedents of five types of organizational commitment among correctional staff: It matters what you measure. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 19(4), 466–490. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403408320460
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., Jiang, S., Elechi, O. O., Benjamin, B., Morris, A., Laux, J. M., & Dupuy, P. (2010). The relationship among distributive and procedural justice and correctional life satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intent: An exploratory study. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.11.002
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., Kelley, T. M., Kim, B., & Garland, B. (2014). When domains spill over: The relationships of affective and continuance commitment with work–family conflict among correctional staff. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 25(4), 476–502. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412474889
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., Paoline, E. A., & Baker, D. N. (2005). The good life: The impact of job satisfaction and occupational stressors on prison staff life satisfaction – An exploratory study. Journal of Crime and Justice, 28(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2005.9721636
- Lambert, E. G., Keena, L. D., Leone, M., May, D., & Haynes, S. H. (2020). The effects of distributive and procedural justice on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of correctional staff. The Social Science Journal, 57(4), 405–416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2019.02.002
- Lambert, E. G., Liu, J., & Jiang, S. (2018). An exploratory study of organizational justice and work attitudes among Chinese prison staff. The Prison Journal, 98(3), 314–333. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885518764919
- Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Wells, J. B., & Hogan, N. L. (2015). Leave your job at work: The possible antecedents of work–family conflict among correctional staff. The Prison Journal, 95(1), 114–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514563284
- Landy, F. J., Barnes-Farrell, J. L., & Cleveland, J. N. (1980). Perceived fairness and accuracy of performance evaluation: A follow-up. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(3), 355–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.65.3.355
- Lindsay, R. M., & Ehrenberg, A. S. (1993). The design of replicated studies. The American Statistician, 47(3), 217–228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1993.10475983
- Liu, J., Lambert, E. G., Jiang, S., & Zhang, J. (2017). A research note on the association between work–family conflict and job stress among Chinese prison staff. Psychology, Crime, and Law, 23(7), 633-646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2017.1296148
- May, D. C., Lambert, E. G., Leone, M. C., Keena, L. D., & Haynes, S. H. (2020). Stress among correctional officers: An organizational justice approach. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(3), 454–473. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09520-w
- Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
- Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Obidoa, C., Reeves, D., Warren, N., Reisine, S., & Cherniack, M. (2011). Depression and work family conflict among corrections officers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(11), 1294–1301. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182307888
- O’Driscoll, M., Brough, P., & Kalliath, T. (2006). Work-family conflict and facilitation. In F. Jones, R. J. Burke, & M. Westman (Eds.), Work-life balance: A psychological perspective (pp. 117–142). Psychology Press.
- Qureshi, H., Frank, J., Lambert, E, G., Klahm, C., & Smith, B. (2017). Organisational justice’s relationship with job satisfaction and organisational commitment among Indian police. Police Journal: Theory, Practice, and Principles, 90(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X16662684
- Roberson, Q. M., & Colquitt, J. A. (2005). Shared and configural justice: A social network model of justice in teams. Academy of Management Review, 30(3), 595–607. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.17293715
- Sok, J., Blomme, R., & Tromp, D. (2014). Positive and negative spillover from work to home: The role of organizational culture and supportive arrangements. British Journal of Management, 25(3), 456–472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12058
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
- Taxman, F. S., & Gordon, J. A. (2009). Do fairness and equity matter? An examination of organizational justice among correctional officers in adult prisons. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(7), 695–711. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809335039
- Triplett, R., Mullings, J. L., & Scarborough, K. E. (1999). Examining the effect of work-home conflict on work-related stress among correctional officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 27(4), 371–385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(98)00066-X
- World Factbook. (2020). China. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html