References
- Acock, A. C. (2013). Discovering structural equation modeling using stata. StataCorp.
- Adolphs, R., & Tranel, D. (2004). Impaired Judgments of sadness But Not happiness following bilateral amygdala damage. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(3), 453–462. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/089892904322926782
- Airdrie, J. N., Langley, K., Thapar, A., & Goozen, S. H. (2018). Facial emotion recognition and Eye gaze in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(8), 561–570. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.04.016
- Akers, R. (1991). Self-control as a general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 7(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01268629
- Best, M., Williams, J. M., & Coccaro, E. F. (2002). Evidence for a dysfunctional prefrontal circuit in patients with an impulsive aggressive disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99(12), 8448–8453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.112604099
- Blair, R. J. (2003). Facial expressions, their communicatory functions, and neuro-cognitive substrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 561–572. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1220
- Blair, R., Budhani, S., Colledge, E., & Scott, S. (2005). Deafness to fear in Boys with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(3), 327–336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00356.x
- Bowen, K. L., Morgan, J. E., Moore, S. C., & Goozen, S. H. (2013). Young offenders’ emotion recognition dysfunction across emotion intensities: Explaining variation using psychopathic traits, conduct disorder and offense severity. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36(1), 60–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9368-z
- Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol.2. Separation. Basic Books.
- Bowlby, J. (1982/1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). Basic Books.
- Brook, M., Brieman, C. L., & Kosson, D. S. (2013). Emotion processing in psychopathy checklist — assessed psychopathy: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(8), 979–995. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.07.008
- Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
- Dashiell, J. F. (1927). A New Method of Measuring Reactions to Facial Expressions of Emotion. Psychological Bulletin, 24, 174–175.
- Dawel, A., O’Kearney, R., Mckone, E., & Palermo, R. (2012). Not just fear and sadness: Meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2288–2304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.006
- Dodge, K. A. (2006). Translational science in action: Hostile attributional style and the development of aggressive behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 18(03). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579406060391
- Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Valente, E. (1995). Social information processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(4), 623–643. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.4.632
- Doherty, E. E. (2006). Self-Control, social bonds, and desistance: A test of life-course independence. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 44(4), 807–833. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00064.x
- Drislane, L. E., Patrick, C. J., & Arsal, G. (2014). Clarifying the content coverage of differing psychopathy inventories through reference to the Triarchic psychopathy measure. Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 350–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035152
- Ekman, P. (2007). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. St. Martins Griffin.
- Ekman, P. (2016). Nonverbal messages: Cracking the code My lifes pursuit: Looking behind the curtain on how a scientist made his dicoveries. PEG.
- Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. SAGE: SAGE Publications.
- Fairchild, G., Goozen, S. H., Calder, A. J., Stollery, S. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (2009). Deficits in facial expression recognition in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(5), 627–636. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02020.x
- Farrington, D. P., Kazemian, L., & Piquero, A. R. (2019/2013). The Oxford handbook of developmental and life-course criminology. Oxford University Press.
- Fraley, R. C. (2019). Attachment in adulthood: Recent developments, emerging debates, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 401–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102813
- Fraley, R. C., Niedenthal, P. M., Marks, M., Brumbaugh, C., & Vicary, A. (2006). Adult attachment and the Perception of emotional expressions: Probing the hyperactivating strategies underlying anxious attachment. Journal of Personality, 74(4), 1163–1190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00406.x
- Giordano, P. C., Lonardo, R. A., Manning, W. D., & Longmore, M. A. (2010). Adolescent romance and delinquency: A further exploration of hirschis “cold And brittle” relationships hypothesis. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 48(4), 919–946. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00208.x
- Glass, S. J., & Newman, J. P. (2006). Recognition of facial affect in psychopathic offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 815–820. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.815
- Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
- Hay, C. H., & Meldrum, R. C. (2016). Self-control and crime over the life course. SAGE.
- Heimer, K., & Coster, S. D. (1999). The gendering of violent delinquency. Criminology, 37(2), 277–318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00487
- Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. University of California Press.
- Hirschi, T. (2004). Self-Control and crime. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications (pp. 537–552). Guilford Press.
- Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M. (1983). Age and the explanation of crime. American Journal of Sociology, 89(3), 552–584. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/227905
- Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M. R. (2001). Self-control theory. In R. Paternoster, & R. Bachman (Eds.), Explaining criminals and crime: Essays in contemporary criminological theory (pp. 81–96). Roxbury.
- Hoeve, M., Stams, G. J., Van der Put, C. E., Dubas, J. S., Van der Laan, P. H., & Gerris, J. R. (2012). A meta-analysis of attachment to parents and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5), 771–785. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9608-1
- Hollist, D. R., Hughes, L. A., & Schaible, L. M. (2009). Adolescent maltreatment, negative emotion, and delinquency: An assessment of general strain theory and family-based strain. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(4), 379–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.06.005
- Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model Fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
- Hope, T. L., Grasmick, H. G., & Pointon, L. J. (2003). The family in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of crime: Structure, parenting, and self-control. Sociological Focus, 36(4), 291–311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2003.10571226
- Hubble, K., Bowen, K. L., Moore, S. C., & Goozen, S. H. (2015). Improving negative emotion recognition in Young Offenders Reduces subsequent crime. Plos One, 10(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132035
- Hunnikin, L. M., & van Goozen, S. H. M. (2018). How can we use knowledge about the neurobiology of emotion recognition in practice? Journal of Criminal Justice, 65, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.01.005
- Izard, C. E., Fine, S., Mostow, A., Trentacosta, C., & Campbell, J. (2002). Emotion processes in normal and abnormal development and preventive intervention. Development and Psychopathology, 14(4), 761–787. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579402004066
- Jang, S. J., & Byron, R. J. (2011). The Effects of childhood exposure to Drug Users and religion on Drug Use in Adolescence and Young adulthood. Youth & Society, 43(4), 1220–1245. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X10393483
- Júnior, R. D. M., Marinho de Sousa, B., & Fukusima, S. (2014). Hemispheric specialization in face recognition: From spatial frequencies to holistic/analytic cognitive processing. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7(4), 503–511. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2014.4.09
- Kunstman, J. W., Tuscherer, T., Trawalter, S., & Lloyd, E. P. (2016). What lies beneath? Minority group members’ suspicion of Whites’ egalitarian motivation predicts responses to Whites’ smiles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(9), 1193–1205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216652860
- Lakin, J. L., Jefferis, V. E., Cheng, C. M., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). The chameleon effect as social glue: Evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious mimicry. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(3), 145–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025389814290
- Laub, J. H., & Sampson, R. J. (2003). Shared beginnings: Divergent lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Harvard University Press.
- Lawrence, K., Campbell, R., & Skuse, D. (2015). Age, gender, and puberty influence the development of facial emotion recognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00761
- Lenzi, D., Trentini, C., Macaluso, E., Graziano, S., Speranza, A. M., Pantano, P., & Ammanti, M. (2016). Mothers with depressive symptoms display differential brain activations when empathizing with infant faces. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 249(30), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.019.
- Leyh, R., Heinisch, C., Behringer, J., Reiner, I., & Spangler, G. (2016). Maternal attachment representation and neurophysiological processing during the Perception of infants’ emotional expressions. Plos One, 11(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147294
- Ma, Y., Ran, G., Chen, X., Ma, H., & Hu, N. (2017). Adult attachment styles associated with brain activity in response to infant faces in nulliparous women: An event-related potentials study. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 627. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00627
- Magai, C., Hunziker, J., Mesias, W., & Culver, L. C. (2000). Adult attachment styles and emotional biases. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(3), 301–309. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250050118286
- Marsh, A. A., & Blair, R. (2008). Deficits in facial affect recognition Among antisocial populations: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(3), 454–465. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003
- Martin-Key, N., Brown, T., & Fairchild, G. (2016). Empathic accuracy in male adolescents with conduct disorder and higher versus lower levels of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(7), 1385–1397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0243-8
- Matsueda, R. L. (1982). Testing control theory and differential association: A causal modeling approach. American Sociological Review, 47(4), 489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2095194
- Matsueda, R. L. (1992). Reflected appraisals, parental labeling, and delinquency: Specifying a symbolic interactionist theory. American Journal of Sociology, 97(6), 1577–1611. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/229940
- Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, And interpersonal processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 53–152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(03)01002-5
- Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press.
- Moffit, T. E. (1993). Adolescence–limited and life–Course Persistent Antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
- Moore, K. A., & Peterson, J. L. (1989). Wave 3 of the National Survey of Children: Description of data (Child Trends working paper No. 89-09). Child Trends, Inc.
- Nagin, D. S., & Paternoster, R. (1993). Enduring individual differences and rational choice theories of crime. Law & Society Review, 27(3), 467–496. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3054102
- Niedenthal, P. M., & Brauer, M. (2012). Social functionality of Human emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 259–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131605
- Peltola, M. J., Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Yrttiaho, S. (2020). Attachment security and cortical responses to fearful faces in infants. Attachment & Human Development, 22(2), 174–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1530684
- Penton-Voak, I. S., Thomas, J., Gage, S. H., Mcmurran, M., Mcdonald, S., & Munafò, M. R. (2013). Increasing recognition of happiness in ambiguous facial expressions Reduces anger and aggressive behavior. Psychological Science, 24(5), 688–697. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459657
- Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 311–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015754122318
- Raine, A., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Lynam, D. (2005). Neurocognitive impairments in Boys on the life-course Persistent Antisocial path. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 38–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.38
- Ratchford, M., & Beaver, K. M. (2009). Neuropsychological deficits, low self-control, and delinquent involvement: Toward a biosocial explanation of delinquency. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808325967
- Rayson, H., Bonaiuto, J. J., Ferrari, P. F., & Murray, L. (2017). Early maternal mirroring predicts infant motor system activation during facial expression observation. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12097-w
- Reed, L. I., Descioli, P., & Pinker, S. A. (2014). The commitment function of angry facial expressions. Psychological Science, 25(8), 1511–1517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614531027
- Ribordy, S. C., Camras, L. A., Stefani, R., & Spaccarelli, S. (1988). Vignettes for emotion recognition research and affective Therapy with children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17(4), 322–325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1704_4
- Rocque, M. (2017). Desistance from crime: New advances in theory and research. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Rowland, M. W., Schwartz, J. A., Nedelec, J. L., & Beaver, K. M. (2012). Social bias and the development of self-control. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(5), 557–577. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X12438045
- Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning Points through life. Harvard University Press.
- Schermerhorn, A. C. (2018). Associations of child emotion recognition with interparental conflict and shy child temperament traits. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(4), 1343–1366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518762606
- Sedgwick, O., Young, S., Baumeister, D., Greer, B., Das, M., & Kumari, V. (2017). Neuropsychology and emotion processing in violent individuals with antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia: The same or different? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(12), 1178–1197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417731525
- Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment and Human Development, 4(2), 133–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730210154171
- Sidal, G. D., & Koksal, F. (2018). The differential effects of attachment orientations on the Perception of facial emotional expressions. Journal of Childhood & Developmental Disorders, 04((02|2)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4172/2472-1786.100066.
- Taylor, C. (2001). The relationship between social and self-control: Tracing Hirschi’s criminological career. Theoretical Criminology, 5(3), 369–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480601005003004
- Thornberry, T. P., & Krohn, M. D. (2000). The self-report method for measuring delinquency and crime. Criminal Justice, 4, 33–82.
- Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., Marcus, D. J., Westerlund, A., Casey, B. J., & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Research, 15, 242–249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006
- Van der Schalk, J., Hawk, S. T., Fischer, A. H., & Doosje, B. (2011). Moving faces, looking places: Validation of the Amsterdam dynamic facial expression Set. Emotion, 11(4), 907–920. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023853
- Widen, S. C. (2013). Children’s interpretation of facial expressions: The long path from valence-based to specific discrete categories. Emotion Review, 5(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451492
- Wright, B. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Miech, R. A., & Silva, P. A. (1999). Reconsidering the relationship between SES and delinquency: Causation but not correlation. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 37(1), 175–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00483.x
- Wright, B. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (2001). The Effects of social ties on crime vary By Criminal propensity: A life-course model Of interdependence. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 39(2), 321–348. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00925.x
- Zill, N., Peterson, J. L., Moore, K. A., & Furstenberg, F. F. (1992). 1976–1987 National Survey of Children: Waves 1, 2, and 3. (Child Trends, Inc.). Sociometrics Corporation, American Family Data Archive.