Consumers’ response to mass market scam solicitations: profiling scams and responses

References

• Anderson, K. B. (2016). Mass-market consumer fraud: Who is most susceptible to becoming a victim? Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Economics. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/mass-market-consumer-fraud-who-most-susceptible-becoming-victim/working_paper_332.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, K. B. (2019). Mass-market consumer fraud in the United States: A 2017 update. Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Economics. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/mass-market-consumer-fraud-united-states-2017-update/p105502massmarketconsumerfraud2017report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan, T., & Whitty, M. T. (2011). The online dating romance scam: causes and consequences of victimhood. Psychology. Crime, & Law, 20, 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.772180
   Google Scholar
• Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2014). Not a victimless crime: The impact of fraud on individual victims and their families. Security Journal, 27(1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Button, M., Nicholls, C. M., Kerr, J., & Owen, R. (2014). Online frauds: Learning from victims why they fall for these scams. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 47(3), 391–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865814521224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306–307. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casler, K., Bickel, L., & Hackett, E. (2013). Separate but equal? A comparison of participants and data gathered via Amazon MTurk, social media, and face-to-face behavioral testing. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2156–2160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, J. (2008). An analysis of advance fee fraud on the internet. Journal of Financial Crime, 15(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790810841716
   Google Scholar
• Churyk, N. T., Lee, C.-C., & Clinton, B. D. (2008). Can we detect fraud earlier? Strategic Finance, 90(4), 50–54.
   Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B. (2007). Influence: The psychology of persuasion (revised edition). Harper Business.
   Google Scholar
• DeLiema, M., Mottola, G. R., & Deevy, M. J. (2017). Findings from a pilot study to measure financial fraud in the United States. Stanford Center on Longevity & FINRA Investor Education Foundation. http://longevity.stanford.edu/2017/02/01/findings-from-a-pilot-study-to-measure-financial-fraud-in-the-united-states/
   Google Scholar
• Ebner, N. C., Ellis, D. M., Lin, T., Rocha, H. A., Yang, H., Dommaraju, S., Soliman, A., Woodard, D. L., Turner, G. R., Spreng, R. N., & Oliveira, D. S. (2018). Uncovering susceptibility risk to online deception in aging. Journals of Gerontology, Psychological Sciences, 17, 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby036
   Google Scholar
• Farrar, D. C., Mian, A. Z., Budson, A. E., Moss, M. B., & Killiany, R. J. (2018). Functional brain networks involved in decision-making under certain and uncertain conditions. Neuroradiology, 60(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-017-1949-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2021). Mass marketing fraud—Awareness & prevention tips. https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/mass-marketing-fraud
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, P., Lea, S. E. G., & Evans, K. (2013). Why do individuals respond to fraudulent scam communications and lose money? The psychological determinants of scam compliance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(10), 2060–2072. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigerenzer, G., & Goldstein, D. G. (1996). Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality. Psychological Review, 103(4), 650–669. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & the ABC Research Group (1999). Simple heuristics that make us smart. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hanoch, Y., & Wood, S. (2021). The scams among us: Who falls prey and why. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 30, 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721421995489
   Google Scholar
• Isacenkova, J., Thonnard, O., Costin, A., Francillon, A., & Balzarotti, D. (2014). Inside the scam jungle: A closer look at 419 scam email operations. EURASIP Journal on Information Security, 2014(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-417X-2014-4
   Google Scholar
• Jones, H. S., Towse, J. N., & Race, N. (2015). Susceptibility to email fraud: A review of psychological perspectives, data-collection methods, and ethical considerations. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 5(3), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCBPL.2015070102
   Google Scholar
• Jones, H. S., Towse, J. N., Race, N., & Harrison, T. (2019). Email fraud: The search for psychological predictors of susceptibility. PLoS One, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippert, A., & Golding, J. M. (2016). Scamming elders: The effect of witness testimony on courtroom perceptions of elder financial abuse. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 34, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Lurie, N. H. (2004). Decision making in information-rich environments: The role of information structure. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(4), 473–486. https://doi.org/10.1086/380283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modic, D., & Lea, S. E. G. (2013). Scam compliance and the psychology of persuasion. Social Sciences Research Network, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2364464
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, S. M., & Turney, P. D. (2013). NRC emotion lexicon. http://www.saifmohammad.com/WebDocs/NRCemotionlexicon.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Moreno-Fernandez, M. M., Blanco, F., Garaizar, P., & Matute, H. (2017). Fishing for phishers: Improving internet users’ sensitivity to visual deception cues to prevent electronic fraud. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller, E. A., Wood, S. A., Hanoch, Y., Huang, Y., & Reed, C. (2020). Older and wiser: The protective role of emotional intelligence in age-related susceptibility to financial fraud. Journal of Elder Neglect & Abuse, 32(2), 152–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2020.1736704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, G., Brookes, A., & Dowell, D. (2019). The psychology of internet fraud victimization: A systematic review. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 34(3), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-019-09334-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. J. (1993). The adaptive decision maker. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Riederer, A. M., & Golding, J. M. (2020). Perceptions of plea bargaining in cases of elder financial abuse. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 32(3), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2020.1738300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabau, A. S. (2012). Survey of clustering based financial fraud detection research. Informatică Economică, 16, 110–122.
   Google Scholar
• Sawhill, I. S., & Pulliam, C. (2019). Six facts about wealth in the United States. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2019/06/25/six-facts-about-wealth-in-theunited-states/
   Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1956). Rational choice, and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63, 129–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1990). Invariants of human behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.000245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2007). The affect heuristic. European Journal of Operation Research, 177, 1333–1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, T. (2017). Scams that target older Americans. AARP. https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2017/top-scams-older-americans-fd.html
   Google Scholar
• Trevino, A. (2016). Introduction to K-Means clustering. Oracle AI and Data Science Blog. https://blogs.oracle.com/datascience/introduction-to-k-means-clustering
   Google Scholar
• Wood, S., Liu, P.-J., Hanoch, Y., Xi, P. M., & Klapatch, L. (2018). Call to claim your prize: Perceived benefits and risk drive intention to comply in a mass marketing scam. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 24(2), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar