291
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The use and reporting practice of psychological tests in German risk and criminal responsibility expert reports

, , , , , & show all
Pages 68-85 | Received 09 Jun 2021, Accepted 30 Mar 2022, Published online: 26 Apr 2022

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2013). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychology. The American Psychologist, 68(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029889
  • Areh, I., Verkampt, F., & Allan, A. (2021). Critical review of the use of the Rorschach in European courts. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2021.1894260
  • Archer, R. P., Buffington-Vollum, J. K., Stredny, R. V., & Handel, R. W. (2006). A survey of psychological test use patterns among forensic psychologists. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_07
  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford Press.
  • Belschner, W., Lischke, G., & Selg, H. (1971). Foto-Hand-Test (FHT): Zur Erfassung der Aggressivität [Photo-Hand-Test: For the assessment of aggressiveness]. Karl Alber.
  • Bengtson, S., & Langström, N. (2007). Unguided clinical and actuarial assessment of re-offending risk: A direct comparison with sex offenders in Denmark. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19(2), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11194-007-9044-5
  • Boccaccini, M. T., & Brodsky, S. L. (1999). Diagnostic test usage by forensic psychologists in emotional injury cases. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30(3), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.30.3.253
  • Boetticher, A., Koller, M., Böhm, K. M., Brettel, H., Dölling, D., Höffler, K., Müller-Metz, R., Pfister, W., Schneider, U., Schöch, H., & Wolf, T. (2019). Empfehlungen für Prognosegutachten. Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für Prognose im Strafverfahren. Neue Zeitschrift für Strafrecht, 39(10), 553–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-019-00557-0
  • Boetticher, A., Kröber, H. L., Müller-Isberner, R., Böhm, K. M., Müller-Metz, R., & Wolf, T. (2006). Mindestanforderungen für Prognosegutachten. Neue Zeitschrift für Strafrecht, 26(10), 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-007-0017-9
  • Boetticher, A., Nedopil, N., Bosinski, H. A., & Saß, H. (2007). Mindestanforderungen für Schuldfähigkeitsgutachten*. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 1(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-006-0002-8
  • Borum, R., & Grisso, T. (1995). Psychological test use in criminal forensic evaluations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26(5), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.26.5.465
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R). In G. J. Boyle, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment: Volume 2 - personality measurement and testing (pp. 179–198). SAGE Publications Inc.
  • Cutler, B. L., & Kovera, M. B. (2011). Expert psychological testimony. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(1), 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410388802
  • De Clercq, M. de & Vander Laenen, F. (2019). The use of test instruments in forensic report writing - Explorative research in Flanders. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 66, 101454.
  • Diagnostik- und Testkuratorium. (2018). TBS-DTK. Testbeurteilungssystem des Diagnostik- und Testkuratoriums der Föderation Deutscher Psychologenvereinigungen. Revidierte Fassung vom 03. Jan. 2018 [Test assessment system of the diagnostic and test curatorship of the federation of German psychological associations. Revised version January 3rd., 2018]. Psychologische Rundschau, 69(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000401
  • Dunn, E., Felthous, A. R., Gagné, P., Harding, T., Kaliski, S., Kramp, P., Lindqvist, P., Nedopil, N., Ogloff, J. R. P., Skipworth, J., Taylor, P. J., Thomson, L., & Yoshikawa, K. (2014). Forensic psychiatry and its interfaces outside the UK and Ireland. In J. Gunn, & P. J. Taylor (Eds.), Forensic psychiatry. Clinical, legal and ethical issues (2nd ed., pp. 111–147). Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Engel, R. R., Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (2000). Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory–2. Huber.
  • Etzler, S., & Rettenberger, M. (2019). Psychologische Diagnostik im Rahmen der Behandlung von Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern im Justizvollzug: Eine Vollerhebung diagnostischer Praxis der sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland [Psychological assessment for incarcerated violent and sexual offenders: A complete survey of the diagnostical practice in social therapy units in Germany]. Diagnostica, 66(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000235
  • Fuger, K. D., Acklin, M. W., Nguyen, A. H., Ignacio, L. A., & Gowensmith, W. N. (2014). Quality of criminal responsibility reports submitted to the Hawaii judiciary. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(3), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.11.020
  • Glancy, G. D., Ash, P., Bath, E. P., Buchanan, A., Fedoroff, P., Frierson, R. L., Harris, V. L., Hatters Friedman, S. J., Hauser, M. J., Knoll, J., Norko, M., Pinals, D., Price, M., Recupero, P., Scott, C. L., & Zonana, H. V. (2015). AAPL practice guideline for the forensic assessment. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 43(2 Suppl), S3–53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054704/
  • Golden, C. J., & Lashley, L. (2014). Forensic neuropsychological evaluation of the violent offender. Springer International Publishing.
  • Gowensmith, W. N., & McCallum, K. E. (2019). Mirror, mirror on the wall, who’s the least biased of them all? Dangers and potential solutions regarding bias in forensic psychological evaluations. South African Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246319835117
  • Gregório Hertz, P., Breiling, L., Turner, D., & Rettenberger, M. (2019). Die Praxis der ambulanten Nachsorge für haftentlassene Sexualstraftäter in Deutschland [Outpatient aftercare of sexual offenders after release from prision in Germany]. Recht & Psychiatrie, 37(3), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063219841901
  • Grove, W. M., & Meehl, P. E. (1996). Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical-statistical controversy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2(2), 293–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.2.2.293
  • Habermeyer, E. (2008). Die Maßregel der Sicherungsverwahrung [The preventive detention measure]. (Bd. 116). Steinkopff.
  • Heilbrun, K., Grisso, T., & Goldstein, A. (2009). Foundations of forensic mental health assessment (Best practices in forensic mental health assessment). Oxford University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-14685-000
  • Heilbrun, K., Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., & Mack-Allen, J. (2007). A principles-based approach to forensic mental health assessment: Utility and update. In A. M. Goldstein (Ed.), Forensic psychology: Emerging topics and expanding roles (pp. 45–72). John Wiley & Sons. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-13463-002
  • Hörmann, H., & Moog, W. (1957). Rosenzweig picture frustration test/Form für Erwachsene – deutsche Fassung [Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Test / Adults - German Version]. Hogrefe. https://www.testzentrale.de/shop/der-rosenzweig-p-f-test-48174.html
  • Kinzig, J. (1997a). Die Gutachtenpraxis bei der Anordnung von Sicherungsverwahrung [Expert report practice when ordering preventive detention]. Recht & Psychiatrie, 15, 9–20.
  • Kinzig, J. (1997b). Die Praxis der Sicherungsverwahrung [The practice of preventive detention]. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 109(1), 122–164. https://doi.org/10.1515/zstw.1997.109.1.122
  • Kröber, H.-L., Brettel, H., Rettenberger, M., & Stübner, S. (2019). Empfehlungen für Prognosegutachten: Erfahrungswissenschaftliche Empfehlungen für kriminalprognostische Gutachten [Recommendations for expert opinions about predictions: Empirically based recommendations for forensic expert opinions on legal prognosis]. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 13(4), 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-019-00558-z
  • Lally, S. J. (2003). What tests are acceptable for use in forensic evaluations? A survey of experts. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(5), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.34.5.491
  • Lees-Haley, P., Smith, H., Williams, C., & Dunn, J. (1996). Forensic neuropsychological test usage: An empirical survey. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(95)00011-9
  • McLaughlin, J. L., & Kan, L. Y. (2014). Test usage in four common types of forensic mental health assessment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(2), 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036318
  • Mehl, P. E. (2013). Clinical versus statistical prediction: A theoretical analysis and a review of the evidence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Meyer, G. J., & Kurtz, J. E. (2006). Advancing personality assessment terminology: Time to retire “objective” and “projective” as personality test descriptors. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(3), 223–225. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8703_01
  • Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2011). Rorschach performance assessment system: Administration, coding, interpretation, and technical manual. Rorschach Performance Assessment System LLC. https://r-pas.org/
  • Miller, L. (2013). Psychological evaluations in the criminal justice system: Basic principles and best practices. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.10.005
  • Morey, L. C. (1991). Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Morgan, C. D., & Murray, H. A. (1935). A method for investigating fantasies: The thematic apperception test. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 34(2), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurpsyc.1935.02250200049005
  • Neal, T. M. S. (2018). Discerning bias in forensic psychological reports in insanity cases. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2346
  • Neal, T. M. S., & Grisso, T. (2014). Assessment practices and expert judgment methods in forensic psychology and psychiatry. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(12), 1406–1421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854814548449
  • Neal, T. M. S., Slobogin, C., Saks, M. J., Faigman, D. L., & Geisinger, K. F. (2019). Psychological assessments in legal contexts: Are courts keeping “Junk science” out of the courtroom? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 20(3), 135–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619888860
  • Rettenberger, M., & Eher, R. (2016). Potentielle Fehlerquellen bei der Erstellung von Kriminalprognosen, die gutachterliche Kompetenzillusion und mögliche Lösungsansätze für eine bessere Prognosepraxis [Potential sources of bias and error, the illusion of competence of expert opinion, and some suggestions for the improvement of clinical practice]. Recht & Psychiatrie, 34(1), 50–57. https://psychiatrie-verlag.de/product/rettenberger-m-eher-r-potenzielle-fehlerquellen-bei-der-erstellung-von-kriminalprognosen-die-gutachterliche-kompetenzillusion-und-moegliche-loesungsansaetze-fuer-eine-bessere-prognosepraxis/
  • Richards, P. M., Geiger, J. A., & Tussey, C. M. (2015). The dirty dozen: 12 sources of bias in forensic neuropsychology with ways to mitigate. Psychological Injury and Law, 8(4), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-015-9235-1
  • Rieger, M., & Stadtland, C. (2013). Forensische Psychiatrie [Forensic psychiatry]. In H. Willner, M. Rentrop, R. Müller, & J. Bäuml (Hg.), Klinikleitfaden Psychiatrie Psychotherapie (5. Aufl., S. 507–522) . Urban & Fischer.
  • Rorschach, H. (1927). Rorschach test – psychodiagnostic plates. Hogrefe. https://www.hogrefe.com/uk/shop/rorschach-test.html
  • Rösch, D., Ruckelshaußen, S., Kirsch, J., Gerhards, S., Sroka, L. A., & Imhoff, R. (2020). Schwachsinnig und abartig? Wahrgenommene Stigmatisierung und tatsächliche Etikettierungseffekte der alten und modernisierten Eingangsmerkmale in § 20 Strafgesetzbuch (StGB). [Moronic and abnormal? Perceived stigmatization and actual labelling effects of the old and modernized entry characteristics in § 20 German Penal Code]. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 15(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-020-00640-x
  • Schneider, F., Frister, H., & Olzen, D. (2015). Begutachtung psychischer Störungen [Assessment of mental disorders]. Springer.
  • Serafim, A. D. P., Saffi, F., Silva, T. G. B. D., Almeida, C. V. D., Hokama, E., Barros, D. M. D., & Dias, A. M. (2015). Forensic neuropsychological assessment: A review of its scope. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 42(2), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000049
  • Varela, J. G., & Conroy, M. A. (2012). Professional competencies in forensic psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026776
  • Viglione, D. J., & Rivera, B. (2003). Assessing personality and psychopathology with projective tests. In J. R. Graham, & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology: Assessment psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 531-553). Wiley.
  • Viljoen, J. L., McLachlan, K., & Vincent, G. M. (2010). Assessing violence risk and psychopathy in juvenile and adult offenders: A survey of clinical practices. Assessment, 17(3), 377–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109359587
  • Warren, J., Murrie, D., Stejskal, W., Colwell, L., Morris, J., Chauhan, M., & Dietz, P. (2006). Opinion formation in evaluating the adjudicative competence and restorability of criminal defendants: A review of 8,000 evaluations. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 24(2), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.699
  • Watkins, C. E., Campbell, V. L., Nieberding, R., & Hallmarlk, R. (1995). Contemporary practice of psychological assessment by clinical psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.26.1.54
  • Wechsler, D. (1997). WAIS-IV: Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised. Psychological Corporation. https://www.testzentrale.de/shop/wechsler-adult-intelligence-scale-fourth-edition.html
  • Wertz, M., Kury, H., & Rettenberger, M. (2018). Implementation of minimum requirements for risk assessments in clinical practice. Empirical validation taking recidivism rates into account. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 12(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-017-0458-8
  • Wertz, M., & Tippelt, S. (2019). Einsatz und Anwendung testpsychologischer Untersuchungen im Rahmen psychiatrischer Gutachten [Use and application of test-psychological assessment in the context of psychiatric reports]. In F. M. Segmiller &, & M. Dudeck (Hg.), Psychiatrische Beispielgutachten: Ein Praxisbuch für Einsteiger und Fortgeschrittene (1. Aufl., S. 402–450). W. Kohlhammer.
  • Wright, C. V., Beattie, S. G., Galper, D. I., Church, A. S., Bufka, L. F., Brabender, V. M., & Smith, B. L. (2017). Assessment practices of professional psychologists: Results of a national survey. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(2), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000086
  • Zapf, P. A., Hubbard, K. L., Cooper, V. G., Wheeles, M. C., & Ronan, K. A. (2004). Have the courts abdicated their responsibility for determination of competency to stand trial to clinicians? Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 4(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1300/J158v04n01_02

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.