The contingent construction of local identities: Koreans and Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia

References

• Adams , Carolyn , Bartelt , David , Elesh , David , Goldstein , Ira , Kleniewski , Nancy and Yancey , William . 1991 . Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, Division and Conflict in a Postindustrial City , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bach , Robert . 1993 . Changing Relations: Newcomers and Established Residents in US. Communities , A Report to the Ford Foundation by the National Board of the Changing Relations Project New York : Ford Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Basch , Linda , Glick‐Schiller , Nina and Blanc , Cristina Szanton . 1994 . Nations Unbound , Langhome, PA : Gordon and Breach .
   Google Scholar
• Bluestone , Barry . 1981 . The Retail Revolution: A Market Revolution , Boston : Auburn House .
   Google Scholar
• Byler , Janet and Bennett , Douglas . 1984 . Employment Trends In Southeastern Pennsylvania, 1972–1982 , MS Working Paper #11 Institute for Public Policy Studies. Temple University .
   Google Scholar
• Chock , Phyllis . 1995 . Culturalism: Pluralism, Culture and Race in the Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups . Identities , 1 (4) : 301 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Delgado , Richard . 1995 . Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Du Bois , W. E. Burghardt . 1996 . The Philadelphia Negro , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ericksen , Eugene . 1985 . The State of Puerto Rican Philadelphia , MS Institute for Public Policy Studies Temple University .
   Google Scholar
• Glick Schiller , Nina . 1977 . “ Ethnic Groups Are Made Not Born. ” . In Ethnic Encounters: Identities and Contexts , Edited by: Hicks , George and Leis , Philip . 23 – 35 . North Scituate, MA : Duxbury Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , Ira . 1986 . “ The Wrong Side of the Tracts: A Study of Residential Segregation in Philadelphia. ” . Temple University . Ph.D. Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Goode , Judith . 1995 . The Formation of the Puerto Rican Community in North Philadelphia 1950–1985 , MS Institute For Policy Studies Temple. University .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1990 . A Wary Welcome To the Neighborhood: Community Responses to Immigrants . Urban Anthropology , 19 : 125 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1994 . “ Encounters Over the Counter Workers Bosses and Customers in a Multi‐Cultural Shopping Strip. ” . In Newcomers in the Workplace: Immigrants and the Restructuring of the US. Economy , Edited by: Lamphere , L. , Stepick , A. and Grenier , G. Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goode , Judith and Schneider , Jo Anne . 1994 . Reshaping Ethnic and Racial Relations in Philadelphia: Immigrants in a Divided City , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goode , Judith , Schneider , Jo Anne , Blanc , Suzanne and Lamphere , Louise . 1992 . “ Transcending Boundaries and Closing Ranks: How Schools Shape Social Relations. ” . In Structuring Diversity , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , Steven . 1994 . “ Race, Rubbish and Resistance: Empowering Difference in Community Politics. ” . In Race , Edited by: Gregory , Steven and Sanjek , Roger . 563 – 391 . New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hermstein , Richard and Murray , Charles . 1994 . The Bell Curve , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hershberg , Theodore . 1981 . Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family and Group Experience in the Nineteenth Century , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hershberg , Theodore , Burstein , Alan , Ericksen , Eugene , Greenburg , Stephanie and Yancey , William . 1979 . A Tale of Three Cities: Blacks and Immigrants in Philadelphia 1850–80, 1930 and 1970 . Annals of the American Association of Political and Social Science , 441 : 55 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton , John . 1995 . The Politics of Diversity: Race, Class and Identity in Monterey Park California , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , Mark Alan . 1989 . Poverty in Cities , Washington, D.C. : National League of Cities .
   Google Scholar
• Huhr , Won Moo and Kim , Kwang Chung . 1984 . Adhesive Sociocultural Adaptation of Korean Immigrants in the U.S. . International Migration Review , 18 (2) : 188 – 816 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ignatiev , Noel . 1995 . How the Irish Became White , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lamphere , Louise . 1992 . Structuring Diversity , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lamphere , Louise , Stepick , Alex and Grenier , Guillermo , eds. 1994 . Newcomers in the Workplace , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Light , Ivan and Bonacich , Edna . 1988 . Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles 1965–1982 , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lipson , D. Herbert . 1989 . Off the Cuff . Philadelphia Magazine , September : 15
   Google Scholar
• Lowe , Lisa . 1997 . Immigrant Acts , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Omi , Michael and Winant , Howard . 1994 . Racial Formation in the United States: 1960s to 1990s. , 2nd ed. , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ong , Aihwa . 1997 . “ Chinese Modernities: Narratives of Nation and of Capitalism. ” . In The Cultural Politics of Modem Chinese Transnationalism , Edited by: Ong , Aihwa and Nonini , Donald . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Park , Kyeyoung . 1995 . The Re‐Invention of Affirmative Action: Korean Immigrants’ Changing Conceptions of African Americans and Latin Americans . Urban Anthropology , 24 : 59 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1997 . The Korean American Dream , Ithaca : Cornell University Press . Philadelphia Inquirer
   Google Scholar
• Philadelphia Inquirer . September 16 1990 . Report on Early Census Statistics September 16 , A1
   Google Scholar
• Portes , Alejandro and Stepick , Alex . 1993 . City on the Edge: The Transformation of Miami , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Power , Edward . February 28 1988 . Asian Immigrants Lend New life to City's Sewing Industry , February 28 , B1 Philadelphia Inquirer .
   Google Scholar
• Rieder , Jonanthan . 1985 . The Jews and Italians of Brooklyn Against Liberalism , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roediger , David . 1990 . The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Sacks , Karen . 1994 . “ How Did Jews Became White Folks? ” . In Race , Edited by: Sanjek , R. and Gregory , S. New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sassen , Saskia . 1988 . The Mobility of Labor and Capital: A study in International Investment and Labor Flow , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Seder , Jean . 1990 . Voices of Kensington: Vanishing Mills, Vanishing Neighborhoods , McLean, Va. : EPM Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Stains , Lawrence . 1991 . After the Fall . Philadelphia Magazine , April
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , Stephen . 1981 . The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity and Class in America , New York : Atheneum .
   Google Scholar
• Szwed , John . 1975 . Race and the Embodiment of Culture . Ethnicity , 2 : 19 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Takaki , Ronald . 1979 . Iron Cages: Race and Culture in Nineteenth Century America , New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Urciuoli , Bonnie . 1996 . Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class , Colorado : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , Sam Bass . 1968 . The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waters , Mary . 1990 . Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Winant , Howard . 1994 . Racial Conditions , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yancey , William , Ericksen , Eugene and Juliani , Richard . 1976 . Emergent Ethnicity, Review and Reformulation . American Sociological Review , 41 : 391 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar