Migration aspirations and polymorphic identifications of the homeland: (im)mobility trajectories amongst Chinese international students amidst COVID-19

References

• Anderson, B. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Third. London [etc.]: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Appadurai, A. 2004. “The Capacity to Aspire: Culture and the Terms of Recognition.” In Culture and Public Action, edited by V. Rao and M. Walton, 59–84. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baas, M. 2010. Imagined Mobility: Migration and Transnationalism among Indian Students in Australia. London: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, E. K. 2017. ““I Am Studying in the US But”: Observations and Insights from Caribbean College Students.” Social Identities 23 (1): 87–103. doi:10.1080/13504630.2016.1179568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccagni, P. 2017. “Aspirations and the Subjective Future of Migration: Comparing Views and Desires of the “Time Ahead” through the Narratives of Immigrant Domestic Workers.” Comparative Migration Studies 5 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1186/s40878-016-0047-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brubaker, R. 2005. “The “Diaspora” Diaspora.” Ethnic And Racial Studies 28 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/0141987042000289997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carling, J., 2002. “Migration in the Age of Involuntary Immobility: Theoretical Reflections and Cape Verdean Experiences.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28 (1): 5–42. doi:10.1080/13691830120103912.
   Google Scholar
• Carling, J., and F. L. Collins. 2018. “Aspiration, Desire and Drivers of Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (6): 909–926. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carling, J., and K. Schewel. 2018. “Revisiting Aspiration and Ability in International Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (6): 945–963. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, H. L., and C. Cheng. 2016. “Building Homeland Heritage: Multiple Homes among the Chinese Diaspora and the Politics on Heritage Management in China.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 22 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1080/13527258.2015.1068211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, J. 1994. “Diasporas.” Cultural Anthropology 9 (3): 302–338. doi:10.1525/can.1994.9.3.02a00040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, F. L., R. Sidhu, N. Lewis, and B. S. A. Yeoh. 2014. “Mobility and Desire: International Students and Asian Regionalism in Aspirational Singapore.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 35 (5): 661–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad Suso, C. T. 2020. “Involuntary Immobility and the Unfulfilled Rite of Passage: Implications for Migration Management in the Gambia, West Africa.” International Migration 58 (4): 184–194. doi:10.1111/imig.12675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. 1992. Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Erdal, M. B., and C. Oeppen. 2017. “Forced to Leave? The Discursive and Analytical Significance of Describing Migration as Forced and Voluntary.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (6): 981–998. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falzon, M.-A. 2003. ““Bombay, Our Cultural Heart”: Rethinking the Relation between Homeland and Diaspora.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 26 (4): 662–683. doi:10.1080/0141987032000087352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong, V. L. 2011. Paradise Redefined : Transnational Chinese Students and the Quest for Flexible Citizenship in the Developed World. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haas, H. D. 2021. “A Theory of Migration: The Aspirations-Capabilities Framework.” Comparative Migration Studies 9 (8): 1–35.
   Google Scholar
• Hail, H. C. 2015. “Patriotism Abroad: Overseas Chinese Students’ Encounters with Criticisms of China.” Journal of Studies in International Education 19 (4): 311–326. doi:10.1177/1028315314567175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, E. 2019. “Bifurcated Homeland and Diaspora Politics in China and Taiwan Towards the Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (4): 577–594. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, L. M. 2010. Patriotic Professionalism in Urban China: Fostering Talent. Urban Life, Landscape, and Policy. Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., C.L. Xu, and M. Tu. 2022. “Family-Mediated Migration Infrastructure: Chinese International Students and Parents Navigating (Im)mobilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Chinese Sociological Review 54 (1): 62–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, S. 2021. “The Call of the Homeland: Transnational Education and the Rising Nationalism among Chinese Overseas Students.” Comparative Education Review 65 (1): 34–55. doi:10.1086/712053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, O.-J. 2021. “Constructing Chineseness as Other in the Evolution of National Identity in South Korea.” Identities: Global Studies In Culture And Power 28 (4): 454–471. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2020.1757253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H. 2005. “New Migrants and the Revival of Overseas Chinese Nationalism.” The Journal of Contemporary China 14 (43): 291–316. doi:10.1080/10670560500065611.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J. M. 2021. “From “Sea Turtles” to “Grassroots Ambassadors”: The Chinese Politics of Outbound Student Migration.” International Migration Review. The International Migration Review. doi:10.1177/01979183211046572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. M. 2022. “Diasporic Placemaking: The Internationalisation of a Migrant Hometown in Post-Socialist China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (1): 209–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubkemann, S. C. 2008. “Involuntary Immobility: On a Theoretical Invisibility in Forced Migration Studies.” Journal of Refugee Studies 21 (4): 454–475. doi:10.1093/jrs/fen043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y. 2020. Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Y., and N. Zhan . 2022. “To Mask or Not to Mask amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Chinese Students in America Experience and Cope with Stigma. Chinese Sociological Review 54 (1): 1–26. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrow, H. B., and A. K. von Koppenfels. 2020. “Modeling American Migration Aspirations: How Capital, Race, and National Identity Shape Americans’ Ideas about Living Abroad.” International Migration Review 54 (1): 83–119. doi:10.1177/0197918318806852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mata‐Codesal, D. 2018. “Is It Simpler to Leave or to Stay Put? Desired Immobility in a Mexican Village.” Population, Space and Place 24 (4): 1–9. doi:10.1002/psp.2127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morawska, E. 2011. ““Diaspora” Diasporas’ Representations of Their Homelands: Exploring the Polymorphs.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 34 (6): 1029–1048. doi:10.1080/01419870.2010.533783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyíri, P. 2001. “Expatriating Is Patriotic? The Discourse on “New Migrants” in the People’s Republic of China and Identity Construction among Recent Migrants from the PRC.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27 (4): 635–653. doi:10.1080/13691830120090421.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, M. L., and M. A. Eger. 2021. “Suppression, Spikes, and Stigma: How COVID-19 Will Shape International Migration and Hostilities toward It.” International Migration Review 55 (3): 640–659. doi:10.1177/0197918320968754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• People.cn. 2020. “The Ministry of Education: Three Countermeasures to Assist 1.6 Million Overseas Students (教育部; 三项举措帮扶160万海外留学生)’.” people.cn (人民网). 1 April 2020. http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0401/c1053-31657222.html
   Google Scholar
• Renan, E. 2018. What Is a Nation? and Other Political Writings, Edited by M. F. N. Giglioli. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Safran, W. 1991. “Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 1 (1): 83–99. doi:10.1353/dsp.1991.0004.
   Google Scholar
• Schewel, K. 2020. “Understanding Immobility: Moving beyond the Mobility Bias in Migration Studies.” International Migration Review 54 (2): 328–355. doi:10.1177/0197918319831952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thøgersen, S. 2015. ““I Will Change Things in My Own Small Way”: Chinese Overseas Students, “Western” Values, and Institutional Reform.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44 (3): 103–124. doi:10.1177/186810261504400305.
   Google Scholar
• Tölölyan, K. 2010. “Beyond the Homeland: From Exilic Nationalism to Diasporic Transnationalism.” In The Call of the Homeland : Diaspora Nationalisms, past and Present, edited by A. Gal, A. S. Leoussi, and A. D. Smith, 27–45. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Tran, L. T., and T. T. P. Vu. 2018. ““Agency in Mobility”: Towards a Conceptualisation of International Student Agency in Transnational Mobility.” Educational Review (Birmingham) 70 (2): 167–187. doi:10.1080/00131911.2017.1293615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B., and J. Chen. 2020. “Emotions and Migration Aspirations: Western Scholars in China and the Navigation of Aspirational Possibilities.” Journal Of Ethnic And Migration Studies 47 (15): 3437–3454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B., and F. L. Collins. 2020. “Temporally Distributed Aspirations: New Chinese Migrants to New Zealand and the Figuring of Migration Futures.” Sociology 54 (3): 573–590. doi:10.1177/0038038519895750.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, B. 2021. “Time, Temporality and (Im)mobility: Unpacking the Temporal Experiences Amongst Chinese International Students during the COVID-19.” Population, Space and Place e2545. doi:10.1002/psp.2545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., X. Chen, L. Yong, C. Luu, R. Yan, and F. Madrisotti. 2021. ““I’m More Afraid of Racism than of the Virus!”: Racism Awareness and Resistance among Chinese Migrants and Their Descendants in France during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” European Societies 23 (sup1): S721–42. doi:10.1080/14616696.2020.1836384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, P. 2016. International Mobility and Educational Desire Chinese Foreign Talent Students in Singapore. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, L. 2020. “Trapped Abroad, China’s “Little Pinks” Rethink Their Country.” The New York Times. 24 June 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/business/china-nationalist-students-coronavirus.html
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, S. 1998. “A State-Led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31 (3): 287–302. doi:10.1016/S0967-067X(98)00009-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S. 2005. “China’s Pragmatic Nationalism: Is It Manageable?” The Washington Quarterly 29 (1): 131–144. doi:10.1162/016366005774859670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar