Endorsement for Civil Rights for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People Among Heterosexual College Students: Informing Socially Just Policy Advocacy

REFERENCES

• Allport , G. W. 1954 . The nature of prejudice , Cambridge , MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• An Act to Define and Protect the Institution of Marriage of 1996 (The Defense of Marriage Act [DOMA]). Public Law 104–199, 104th Congress
   Google Scholar
• Barth , J. , Overby , L. M. and Huffmon , S. H. 2009 . Community context, personal contact, and support for an anti-gay rights referendum . Political Research Quarterly , 62 : 355 – 365 . doi: 10.1177/1065912908317033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth , J. and Parry , J. 2009 . 2 > 1 + 1? The impact of contact with gay and lesbian couples on attitudes about gays/lesbians and gay-related policies . Politics & Policy , 37 : 31 – 50 . doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00160.x
   Google Scholar
• Brewer , P. 2003 . Values, political knowledge, and public opinion about gay rights: A framing-based account . Public Opinion Quarterly , 67 : 173 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer , P. R. and Wilcox , C. 2005 . The polls-trends: Same-sex marriage and civil unions . Public Opinion Quarterly , 69 : 599 – 616 . doi: 10.1093/poq/nfi052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brumbaugh , S. M. , Sanchez , L. A. , Nock , S. L. and Wright , J. D. 2008 . Attitudes toward same-sex marriage in states undergoing marriage law transformation . Journal of Marriage and Family , 70 : 345 – 359 . doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00486.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burstein , P. 1998 . Bringing the public back in: Should sociologists consider the impact of public opinion on public policy? . Social Forces , 77 : 27 – 62 . doi: 10.2307/3006009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chitiga, M., Chogugudza, P., & Chitiga, T. (2011). Teaching outside one's comfort zone: Helping diverse millennials succeed. Faculty Working Papers from the School of Education. http://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=soe_faculty_wp (http://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=soe_faculty_wp)
   Google Scholar
• Chonody , J. M. , Siebert , D. C. and Routlege , S. E. 2009 . College students' attitudes toward gays and lesbians . Journal of Social Work Education , 45 : 499 – 512 . doi: 10.5175/JSWE.2009.200800002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claman , E. E. 2007 . An examination of the predictors of attitudes toward transgender individuals [Unpublished manuscript] , Columbus , OH : Ohio State University .
   Google Scholar
• Clinton , H. December 6) (2011 . Human Rights Day speech , December 6) , Geneva , , Switzerland : Presentation at the United Nations Conference .
   Google Scholar
• Dessel , A. B. 2010 . Effects of intergroup dialogue: Public school teachers and sexual orientation prejudice . Small Group Research , 41 : 556 – 592 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dessel , A. , Woodford , M. R. , Routenberg , R. and Breijak , D. P. 2013 . Heterosexual students' experiences in sexual orientation intergroup dialogue courses . Journal of Homosexuality , 60 : 1054 – 1080 . doi: 10.1080/00918369.2013.776413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dessel , A. , Woodford , M. R. and Warren , N. 2011 . Intergroup dialogue courses on sexual orientation: Lesbian, gay and bisexual student experiences and outcomes . Journal of Homosexuality , 58 : 1132 – 1150 . doi: 10.1080/00918369.2011.598420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeTurk , S. 2006 . The power of dialogue: Consequences of intergroup dialogue and their implications for agency and alliance building . Communication Quarterly , 54 : 33 – 51 . doi: 10.1080/01463370500270355
   Google Scholar
• Egan, P. J. (2010). Findings from a decade of polling on ballot measures regarding the legal status of same-sex couples [Unpublished paper]. http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4819/egan_marriage_polling.pdf (http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4819/egan_marriage_polling.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Festinger , L. 1957 . A theory of cognitive dissonance , Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fingerhut , A. W. , Riggle , E. D. B. and Rostosky , S. S. 2011 . Same-sex marriage: The social and psychological implications of policy and debates . Journal of Social Issues , 67 : 225 – 241 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01695.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay , B. and Walther , C. S. 2003 . The relation of religious affiliation, service attendance, and other factors to homophobic attitudes among university students . Review of Religious Research , 44 : 370 – 393 . doi: 10.2307/3512216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallup. (2011). For first time, majority of Americans favor legal gay marriage. www.gallup.com/poll (http://www.gallup.com/poll)
   Google Scholar
• Gehman , A. and Gray , V. 2005 . Sexuality and transgender issues in employment . The Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, VI , : 575 – 596 .
   Google Scholar
• Haider-Markel , D. and Joslyn , M. 2005 . Attributions and the regulation of same-sex marriage: Considering parallels between race and homosexuality . Political Science and Politics , 38 : 233 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon-Jones , E. and Mills , J. , eds. 1999 . Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Harper , G. W. 2003 . Oppression and discrimination among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered people and communities: A challenge for community psychology . American Journal of Community Psychology , 31 : 243 – 252 . doi: 10.1023/A:1023906620085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helms , J. 1995 . “ An update of Helm's White and people of color racial identity models ” . In Handbook of multicultural counseling , Edited by: Ponterotto , J. G. , Casas , J. M. , Suzuki , L. A. and Alexander , C. M. 181 – 198 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Herdt , G. and Kertzner , R. 2006 . I do, but I can't: The impact of marriage denial on the mental health and sexual citizenship of lesbians and gay men in the United States . Sexuality Research & Social Policy , 3 : 33 – 49 . doi: 10.1525/srsp.2006.3.1.33
   Google Scholar
• Herek , G. M. 2000 . Sexual prejudice and gender: Do heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men differ? . Journal of Social Issues , 56 : 251 – 266 . doi: 10.1111/0022-4537.00164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek , G. M. 2002 . Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbians and gay men . Public Opinion Quarterly , 66 : 40 – 66 . doi: 10.1086/338409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek , G. M. 2009 . “ Sexual stigma and sexual prejudice in the United States: A conceptual framework ” . In Contemporary perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities , Edited by: Hope , D. A. 65 – 111 . New York , NY : Springer . doi: 10.1007/978 – 0-387 – 09556-1_4
   Google Scholar
• Herek , G. M. 2011 . Anti-equality marriage amendments and sexual stigma . Journal of Social Issues , 67 : 413 – 426 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540–4560.2011.01705.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higher Education Research Institute. (2008). 2008 Cooperative Institutional Research Program freshman survey questionnaire. http://www.heri.ucla.edu/researchers/instruments/CIRP/2008SIF.PDF (http://www.heri.ucla.edu/researchers/instruments/CIRP/2008SIF.PDF)
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (July 1, 2013a). Marriage equality and other relationship recognition laws. http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/marriage_equality_laws_072013.pdf (http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/marriage_equality_laws_072013.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (July 22, 2013b). Statewide employment laws and policies. http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/employment_laws_072013.pdf (http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/employment_laws_072013.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (July 2, 2013c). Statewide marriage prohibitions. http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/marriage_prohibitions_072013.pdf (http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/marriage_prohibitions_072013.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (July 20, 2013d). After DOMA: What it means for you. http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/Post-DOMA_General_v4.pdf (http://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/Post-DOMA_General_v4.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (n.d.). Marriage center. http://www.hrc.org/campaigns/marriage-center (http://www.hrc.org/campaigns/marriage-center)
   Google Scholar
• Killian , M. 2010 . The political is personal: Relationship recognition policies in the United States and their impact on services for LGBT people . Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services , 22 : 9 – 21 . doi: 10.1080/10538720903332149
   Google Scholar
• Kinsey , A. C. , Pomeroy , W. B. and Martin , C. E. 1948 . Sexual behavior in the human male , Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders Co .
   Google Scholar
• Kite , M. E. and Whitley , B. E. Jr . 1996 . Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis . Personality and Social Psychology , 22 : 336 – 353 . doi: 10.1177/0146167296224002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzinger , C. 2001 . “ Sexualities ” . In Handbook of the psychology of women and gender , Edited by: Unger , R. K. 272 – 285 . New York , NY : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Kubicek , K. , McDavitt , B. , Carpineto , J. , Weiss , G. , Iverson , E. F. and Kipke , M. D. 2009 . “God made me gay for a reason:” Men who have sex with men's resiliency in resolving internalized homophobia from religious sources . Journal of Adolescent Research , 24 : 601 – 633 . doi: 10.1177/0743558409341078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert , E. G. , Ventura , L. A. , Hall , D. E. and Cluse-Tolar , T. 2006 . College students' views on gay and lesbian issues: Does education make a difference? . Journal of Homosexuality , 50 ( 4 ) : 1 – 30 . doi: 0.1300/J082v50n04_01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lannutti , P. J. and Lachlan , K. A. 2007 . Assessing attitude toward same-sex marriage: Scale development and validation . Journal of Homosexuality , 53 ( 4 ) : 113 – 133 . doi: 10.1300/J082v53n03_07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lax , J. R. and Phillips , J. H. 2009 . Gay rights in the states: Public opinion and policy responsiveness . American Political Science Review , 103 : 367 – 386 . doi: 10.1017/S0003055409990050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , B. 2011 . Pragmatics of community organization , 4th , Toronto, ON : CommonAct .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , G. B. 2003 . Black–White differences in attitudes toward homosexuality and gay rights . Public Opinion Quarterly , 67 : 59 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , G.B. 2009 . Does believing homosexuality is innate increase support for gay rights? . Policy Studies Journal , 39 : 217 – 237 . doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00405.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , G. B. and Gossett , C. W. 2008 . Changing public opinion on same-sex marriage: The case of California . Politics & Policy , 36 : 4 – 30 . doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00092.x
   Google Scholar
• Lopez , G. E. , Gurin , P. and Nagda , B. A. 1998 . Education and understanding structural causes for group inequalities . Political Psychology , 19 : 305 – 329 . doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon , D. 2004 . God, sex, and politics: Homosexuality and everyday theologies , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moskowitz , D. A. , Rieger , G. and Roloff , M. E. 2010 . Heterosexual attitudes toward same-sex marriage . Journal of Homosexuality , 57 : 325 – 336 . doi: 10.1080/00918360903489176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. (n.d.). Narrative: The task force's commitment to ending discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Americans has a long history. http://www.thetaskforce.org/issues/nondiscrimination/narrative (http://www.thetaskforce.org/issues/nondiscrimination/narrative)
   Google Scholar
• Obama, B. (2013). Transcript: President Obama 2013 Inaugural Address. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/21/transcript-president-obama-2013-inaugural-address/ (http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/21/transcript-president-obama-2013-inaugural-address/)
   Google Scholar
• Pryor , J. H. , Hurtado , S. , DeAngelo , L. , Blake , L. P. and Tran , S. 2010 . The American freshman: National norms Fall 2009 , Los Angeles , CA : Higher Education Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Raiz , L. 2006 . College students' support of rights for members of the gay community . Journal of Poverty , 10 ( 2 ) : 53 – 76 . doi: 10.1300/J134v10n02_04
   Google Scholar
• Rankin , S. , Weber , G. , Blumenfeld , W. and Frazer , S. 2010 . The 2010 state of higher education for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people , Charlotte , NC : Campus Pride .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts-DeGennaro , M. 2011 . “ Planned change efforts in organizations and communities: Evidence-informed practice ” . In Using evidence to inform practice for community and organizational change , Edited by: Roberts-DeGennaro , M. and Fogel , S. J. 5 – 14 . Chicago , IL : Lyceum .
   Google Scholar
• Rowatt , W. C. , LaBouff , J. , Johnson , M. , Froese , P. and Tsang , J. 2009 . Associations among religiousness, social attitudes, and prejudice in a national random sample of American adults . Psychology of Religion and Spirituality , 1 : 14 – 24 . doi: 10.1037/a0014989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruppel, C. P., Griffin, T. E., & Fleming, C. T. (2007). Millennials and online learning: Identifying barriers and facilitators for research. IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age. http://www.iadis.net/dl/final_uploads/200714C041.pdf (http://www.iadis.net/dl/final_uploads/200714C041.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Sorensen , N. , Nagda , B. , Gurin , P. and Maxwell , K. 2009 . Taking a “hands on” approach to diversity in higher education: A critical-dialogic model for effective group interaction . Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy , 9 : 3 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steensland , B. , Park , J. , Regnerus , M. , Robinson , L. , Wilcox , W. B. and Woodberry , R. 2000 . The measure of American religion: Toward improving the state of the art . Social Forces , 79 : 291 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swank , E. and Raiz , L. 2010 . Predicting the support of same-sex relationship rights among social work students . Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services , 22 : 149 – 164 . doi: 10.1080/10538720903332552
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski , D. M. 2009 . Examining potential moderators of the link between heterosexist events and gay and bisexual men's psychological distress . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 56 : 142 – 151 . doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.56.1.142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilcsik , A. 2011 . Pride and prejudice: Employment discrimination against openly gay men in the United States . American Journal of Sociology , 117 : 586 – 626 . doi: 10.1086/661653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tygart , C. E. 2002 . Legal rights to homosexuals into the areas of domestic partnerships and marriages: Public support and genetic causation attribution . Educational Research Quarterly , 25 ( 3 ) : 20 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Ventura , L. , Lambert , E. , Bryant , M. and Pasupuleti , S. 2004 . Differences in attitudes toward gays and lesbians among criminal justice and non-criminal justice majors . American Journal of Criminal Justice , 28 : 165 – 180 . doi: 10.1007/BF02885870
   Google Scholar
• Whitley , B. 2009 . Religiosity and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: A meta-analysis . International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 19 : 21 – 38 . doi: 10.1080/10508610802471104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. and Bella , L. 2003 . “ Are we ready to take a stand? Educating social work students about heterosexism – fostering anti-oppressive practice ” . In Emerging perspectives on anti-oppressive practice , Edited by: Shera , W. 413 – 430 . ON: Canadian Scholars Press : Toronto .
   Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. R. 2010 . Same-sex marriage and beyond . Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Service , 22 : 1 – 8 . doi: 10.1080/10538720903332131
   Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. R. , Chonody , J. , Scherrer , K. , Silverschanz , P. and Kulick , A. 2012 . The “persuadable middle” on same-sex marriage: Formative research to build support among heterosexual college students . Sexuality Research and Social Policy , 9 : 1 – 14 . doi: 10.1007/s13178-011-0073-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. R. , Howell , M. L. , Silverschanz , P. and Yu , L. 2012 . “That's so gay!” Examining the covariates of hearing this expression among gay, lesbian, and bisexual college students . Journal of American College Health , 60 : 429 – 434 . doi: 10.1080/07448481.2012.673519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. R. , Kolb , C. , Radeka. G and Javier , G. in press . Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ally training programs on campus: Current variations and future directions . Journal of College Student Development. ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. R. , Silverschanz , P. , Swank , E. , Scherrer , K. and Raiz , L. 2012 . Predictors of U.S. heterosexual university students' attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people . Journal of LGBT Youth , 9 : 297 – 320 . doi: 10.1080/19361653.2012.716697
   Google Scholar
• Woodford , M. R. , Walls , N. E. and Levy , D. 2012 . Religion and endorsement for same-sex marriage: The role of syncretism between denominational teachings about “homosexuality” and personal religious beliefs . Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on Religion , 4 : 1 – 29 . doi: 10.1007/s13644-012-0067-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar