References
- Appiah , A. 1986 . “ ‘The uncompleted argument: Du Bois and the illusion of race’ ” . In ’Race’, Culture and Difference , Edited by: Gates , H. L. Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Benhabib , S. 1992 . “ ‘The generalized and the concrete other’ ” . In Situating the Self, , Cambridge : Polity Press .
- Bennett , T. 1993 . “ ‘Useful culture’ ” . In Relocating Cultural Studies: Developments in Policy and Research , Edited by: Blundell , V. , Shepherd , J. and Taylor , I. London : Routledge .
- Bourdieu , P. 1998 . Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market , New York : The New Press .
- Couldry , N. 2000 . Inside Culture: Reimagining the Method of Cultural Studies , London : Sage .
- Freire , P. 1992 . Pedagogy of the Oppressed , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- _____ . 1999 . Pedagogy of Hope: Reliving Pedagogy of the Oppressed , New York : Continuum .
- Frow , J. 1995 . Cultural Studies and Cultural Value , Oxford : The Clarendon Press .
- Garcia Canclini , N. 1995 . Hybrid Cultures , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
- Gates , H. L. 1986 . “ ‘Introduction: writing ‘race’ and the difference it makes’ ” . In ’Race’, Culture and Difference , Edited by: Gates , H. L. Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Gilroy , P. 1987 . There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation , London : Hutchinson .
- _____ . 2000 . Between Camps: Nations, Cultures and the Allure of Race , London : Allen Lane .
- Giroux , H. 1996 . “ ‘Is there a place for cultural studies in colleges of education?’ ” . In Counternarratives: Cultural Studies and Critical Pedagogies in a Post‐modem Space , Edited by: Giroux , H. , Lankshear , C. , McLaren , P. and Peters , M. New York and London : Routledge .
- _____ . 2000a . Stealing Innocence: Youth, Corporate Power and the Politics of Culture , New York : St Martin's Press .
- _____ . 2000b . ‘Cultural Studies and the Culture of Politics: Beyond Polemics and Cynicism’ unpublished paper
- Goldman , L. 1995 . Dons and Workers: Oxford and Adult Education Since 1850 , Oxford : The Clarendon Press .
- Hall , S. 1990 . “ ‘Minimal selves’ ” . In Studying Culture: An Introductory Reader , Edited by: Gray , A. and McGulgan , J. London : Arnold .
- Haraway , D. 1991 . “ ‘A manifesto for cyborgs’ ” . In Simians, Cyborgs and Women , London : The Free Press .
- hooks , b. 1991 . Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics , Boston : Turnaround Press .
- hooks , b. 1994 . Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom , New York : Simon and Schuster .
- Illich , I. 1971 . De‐schooling Society , New York : Harper and Row .
- Leadbeater , C. 2000 . Living on Thin Air , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- Marr , A. 1999 . ‘Comment’ . The Observer , : 28 27 June 1999
- Martin‐Barbero , J. 1993 . Communication, Culture and Hegemony , London : Sage .
- Marx , K. 1977 . “ ‘The German Ideology’ ” . In Karl Marx: Selected Writings , Edited by: MacLennan , D. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Mercer , K. 1994 . Welcome to the Jungle , London : Routledge .
- Ngugi wa Thiong'o . 1986 . Decolonising the Mind , London : James Currey .
- Rowe , W. and Schelling , V. 1990 . Memory and Modernity: Popular Culture in Latin America , London : Verso .
- Rustin , M. 1998 . ‘The perverse modernisation of British universities’. . Soundings , 8 : 83 – 99 .
- Said , E. 1978 . Orientalism , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- _____ . 1990 . ‘Narrative, geography and Interpretation’. . New Left Review , 180 : 81 – 100 .
- Sennett , R. 1999 . The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism , NewYork : Norton .
- Shils , E. 1961 . “ ‘Mass society and its culture’ ” . In Culture for the Millions? , Edited by: Jacobs , N. Princeton : Van Norstrand .
- Smith , D. L. 1997 . “What is black culture?’ ” . In The House that Race Built Black Americans, US Terrain , Edited by: Lublano , W. New York : Pantheon .
- Spender , D. 2000 . ‘Trade in your skills’ . Times Higher Education Supplement , : 16 7 April 2000
- Spivak , G. 1990 . The Postcolonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues , New York : Routledge .
- Stevenson , N. 1997 . “ ‘Media, ethics and morality’ ” . In Cultural Methodologies , Edited by: McGuigan , J. London : Sage .
- Taylor , P. 2000 . ‘Beware geeks bearing modems’. . Times Higher Education Supplement , 1 : 34 September 2000
- Tudor , A. 1999 . Decoding Culture , London : Sage .
- Weber , M. 1991; 1921 . “ ‘Science as a vocation’ ” . In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology , Edited by: Gerth , H. and Wright Mills , C. London : Routledge .
- West , C. 1992 . “ ‘Nihilism in black America’ ” . In Black Popular Culture , Edited by: Dent , G. Seattle : Bay Press .
- _____ . 1993 . Keeping Faith: Philosophy and Race in America , NewYork : Routledge .
- Williams , R. 1958 . Culture and Society , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- _____ . 1961 . The Long Revolution , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- _____ . 1968 . Communications , 2nd edn. , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- _____ . 1979 . Politics and Letters , London : New Left Books .
- _____ . 1989a . “ ‘The future of cultural studies’ ” . In The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists , London : Verso .
- _____ . 1989b; 1958 . “ ‘Culture is ordinary’ ” . In Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism, , London : Verso .
- _____ . 1993a; 1961 . “ ‘Open letter to WEA tutors’ ” . In Border Country: Raymond Williams in Adult Education , Edited by: Mcllroy , J. and Westwood , S. Leicester : National Institute of Adult Continuing Education .
- Williams , R. 1993b; 1959 . “ ‘The press and popular education’ ” . In Border Country: Raymond Williams in Adult Education , Edited by: Mcllroy , J. and Westwood , S. Leicester : National Institute of Adult Continuing Education .
- Wright , H. 1998 . ‘Dare we decentre Birmingham? Troubling the “origin” and trajectories of cultural studies’ . European Journal of Cultural Studies , 1 (1) : 33 – 56 .