Human Red Blood Cells as A Natural Flavonoid Reservoir

References

• Ross, J.A. and Kasum, C.M. (2002) "Dietary Flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety", Annu. Rev. Nutr. 22, 19–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertog, M.G.L., Hollman, P.C.H., Katan, M.B. and Kromhout, D. (1993) "Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands", Nutr. Cancer 20,21–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtman, P.C.H., van Trijp, IMP., Buysman, M.N.C.P., v.d.Gaag, US., Mengelers, M.J.B., de Vries, J.H.M. and Katan, M.B. (1997) "Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man", FEBS Lett. 418, 152–156.
   Google Scholar
• Kandaswami, C. and Middleton, Jr. E. (1994) "Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids", Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 366, 351–376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bors, W., Heller, W., Michel, C. and Saran, M. (1990) "Flavonoids as antioxidants: determination of radical-scavenging efficiencies", Methods Enzymol. 186, 343–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorani, M., De Sanctis, R., De Bettis, R. and DachA, M. (2002) "Intracellular flavonoids as electron donors for extracellular ferricyanide reduction in human erythrocytes", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32, 64–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steck, T.L. and Kant, J.A. (1974) "Preparation of impermeable ghosts and inside-out vesicles from human erythrocyte membrane", Methods Enzymol. 31, 172–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beutler, E. (1984) Red Cell Metabolism: A Manual of Biochemical Methods (Grune and Stratton, New York).
   Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. (1976) "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding", Anal. Biochem. 72, 248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avron, M. and Shavit, N. (1963) "A sensitive simple method for determination of ferrocyanide", Anal. Biochem. 6,549–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J.M., Qu, Z.-C. and Whitesell, R.R. (1995) "Ascorbic acid recycling enhances the antioxidants reserve of human erythrocytes", Biochemistry 34, 12721–12728.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrali, M., Signorini, C., Caciotti, B., Sugherini, L., Ciccoli, L., Giachetti, D. and Comporti, M. (1997) "Protection against oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane by the flavonoid quercetin and its relation to iron chelating activity", FEBS Lett. 416, 123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, CM., Cai, Y., Martin, R., Gaffney, S.H., Goulding, P.N., Magnolato, D., Lilley, T.H. and Haslam, E. (1988) "Polyphenol complexation: some thought and observation", Phytochemistry 27, 2397–2409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikawa, M., Tsao, S.C., Lin, T.H., Miyauchi, S., Sawada, Y., Iga, T., Hanano, M. and Sugiyama, Y. (1992) "'Albumin-mediated transport phenomenon' observed for ligands with high membrane permeability. Effect of unstirred water layer in the Disse's space of rat liver", J Hepatol. 16, 38–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtman, P.C.H., van Trijp, J.M.P., Mengelers, M.J.B., de Vries, J.H.M. and Katan, M.B. (1997) "Bioavaiability of dietary antioxidant flavonol quercetin in man", Cancer Lett. 114, 139–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manach, C., Morand, C., Texier, 0., Favier, M.L., Agullo, G., Demigne, C., Regerat, E and Remesy, C. (1995) "Quercetin metabolites in plasma of rats fed diets containing rutin or quercetin", J. Nutr. 125, 1911–1922.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fiorani, M., De Sanctis, R., Menghinello, P., Cucchiarini, L., Cellini, B. and DachA, M. (2001) "Quercetin prevents glutathione depletion induced by dehydroascorbic acid in rabbit red blood cells", Free Radic. Res. 34, 639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorani, M., Saltarelli, R., De Sanctis, R., Palma, E, Ceccaroli, P. and Stocchi, V. (1996) "Role of dehydroascorbate in rabbit erythrocyte hexokinase inactivation induced by ascorbic acid/Fe(ll)", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 334, 357–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorani, M., De Sanctis, R., Saltarelli, R. and Stocchi, V. (1997) "Hexokinase inactivation induced by ascorbic acid/Fe(ll) in rabbit erythrocytes is independent of glutathione-reductive processes and appears to be mediated by dehydroascorbic acid", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 342, 191–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fiorani, M., De Sanctis, R., Scarlatti, F. and Stocchi, V. (1998) "Substrates of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogen-ase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase prevent the inhibitory response induced by ascorbic acid/iron and dehydroascorbic acid in rabbit erythrocytes", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 356, 159–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J.M., Qu, Z.-C., Whitesell, R.R. and Cobb, C.E. (1996) "Ascorbate recycling in human erythrocytes: role of GSH in reducing dehydroascorbate", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 20, 543–551.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose, R.C. (1998) "Transport of ascorbic acid and other water-soluble vitamins", Biochim. Biophys. Acta 947, 335–366.
   Google Scholar
• Vera, J.C., Rivas, CJ., Fischbarg, J. and Golde, D.W. (1993) "Mammalian facilitative hexose transporters mediate the transport of dehydroascorbic acid", Nature 364, 79–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J.M., Qu, Z.-C. and Whitesell, R.R. (1995) "Ascorbic acid recycling enhances the antioxidants reserve of human erythrocytes", Biochemistry 34, 12721–12728.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wells, W.W., Xu, D.P., Yang, Y. and Rocque, P.A. (1990) "Mammalian thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) and protein disulfide isomerase have dehydroascorbate reductase activity", J. Biol. Chem. 265, 15361–15364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vethanajagam, J.G.G., Green, E.H., Rose, R.C. and Bode, A.M. (1999) "Glutathione-dependent ascorbate recycling activity of rat serum albumin", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26, 1591–1598.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winkler, B.S., Orselli, S.M. and Rex, T.S. (1994) "The redox couple between glutathione and ascorbic acid: a chemical and physiological perspective", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 17, 333–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J.B. and Levine, M. (2000) "Intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid is inhibited by flavonoids via blocking of dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid uptakes in HL-60, U937 and Jurkat cells", J. Nutr. 130, 1297–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera, J.C., Reyes, A.M., ValAsquez, F.V., Rivas, CI., Zhang, R.H., Strobel, P., Slebe, J.C., Nunez-Alarcon, J. and Golde, D.W. (2001) "Direct inhibition of the hexose transporter GLUT 1 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors", Biochemistry 40, 777–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera, J.C., Reyes, A.M., CArcamo, F.V., ValAsquez, F.V., Rivas, CJ., Zhang, R.H., Strobel, P., Iribarren, R., Scher, HI., Slebe, J.C. and Golde, D.W. (1996) "Genistein is a natural inhibitor of hexose and dehydroascorbic acid transport through the glucose transporter, GLUT 1", J. Biol. Chem. 271, 8719–8724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J.M. (1999) "Is ascorbic acid an antioxidant for the plasma membrane?", FASEB J. 13, 995–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J.M., Mendiratta, S., Qu, Z.-C. and Loggins, E. (1999) "Vitamin C recycling and function in human monocytic U-937 cells", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26, 1513–1523.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar