References
- Hobson MJ, Wong HR. Finding new therapies for sepsis: the need for patient stratification and the use of genetic biomarkers. Crit Care 2011;15:1009.
- Laifenfeld D, Drubin DA, Catlett NL, et al. Early patient stratification and predictive biomarkers in drug discovery and development: a case study of ulcerative colitis anti-TNF therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;736:645–653.
- Bartminski G, Crossley M, Turcanu V. Novel biomarkers for asthma stratification and personalized therapy. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015;15:415–430.
- Marín F, Roldán V. Biomarkers: GDF-15 and risk stratification in atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015;12:8–9.
- Murphy MP. Pharmacogenomics: a critical component of patient stratification during drug development. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2002;2:1–4.
- Block G, Jensen CD, Morrow JD, et al. The effect of vitamins C and E on biomarkers of oxidative stress depends on baseline level. Free Radic Biol Med 2008;45:377–384.
- Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, et al. Low vitamin C values are linked with decreased physical performance and increased oxidative stress: reversal by vitamin C supplementation. Eur J Nutr 2016;55:45–53.
- Dahwa R, Fassett RG, Wang Z, et al. Variability of oxidative stress biomarkers in hemodialysis patients. Biomarkers 2014;19:154–158.
- Margaritelis NV, Kyparos A, Paschalis V, et al. Reductive stress after exercise: the issue of redox individuality. Redox Biol 2014;2:520–528.
- Mullins AL, van Rosendal SP, Briskey DR, et al. Variability in oxidative stress biomarkers following a maximal exercise test. Biomarkers 2013;18:446–454.
- Theodorou AA, Paschalis V, Kyparos A, et al. Passive smoking reduces and vitamin C increases exercise-induced oxidative stress: does this make passive smoking an anti-oxidant and vitamin C a pro-oxidant stimulus? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014;454:131–136.
- Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view. Nutr Rev 2012;70:257–265.
- Nikolaidis MG, Kerksick CM, Lamprecht M, et al. Does vitamin C and E supplementation impair the favorable adaptations of regular exercise? Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012;2012:707941.
- Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Paschalis V, et al. Going retro: oxidative stress biomarkers in modern redox biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2016;98:2–12.
- Atkinson G, Batterham AM. True and false interindividual differences in the physiological response to an intervention. Exp Physiol 2015;100:577–588.
- Barnett AG, van der Pols JC, Dobson AJ. Regression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:215–220.
- Boissel JP, Duperat B, Leizorovicz A. The phenomenon of regression to the mean and clinical investigation of blood cholesterol lowering drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1980;17:227–230.
- Denke MA, Frantz ID Jr. Response to a cholesterol-lowering diet: efficacy is greater in hypercholesterolemic subjects even after adjustment for regression to the mean. Am J Med 1993;94:626–631.
- Taylor CE, Jones H, Zaregarizi M, et al. Blood pressure status and post-exercise hypotension: an example of a spurious correlation in hypertension research? J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:585–592.
- Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Vrabas IS. F2-isoprostane formation, measurement and interpretation: the role of exercise. Prog Lipid Res 2011;50:89–103.
- Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Dipla K, et al. Exercise as a model to study redox homeostasis in blood: the effect of protocol and sampling point. Biomarkers. 2012;17:28–35.
- Hecksteden A, Kraushaar J, Scharhag-Rosenberger F, et al. Individual response to exercise training – a statistical perspective. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015;118:1450–1459.
- Shephard RJ. Regression to the mean. A threat to exercise science? Sports Med 2003;33:575–584.
- Tu YK, Baelum V, Gilthorpe MS. The relationship between baseline value and its change: problems in categorization and the proposal of a new method. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113:279–288.
- Yudkin PL, Stratton IM. How to deal with regression to the mean in intervention studies. Lancet 1996;347:241–243.
- Kuipers H, Verstappen FT, Keizer HA, et al. Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlates. Int J Sports Med 1985;6:197–201.
- Jeukendrup A, Saris WH, Brouns F, et al. A new validated endurance performance test. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28:266–270.
- Davies KJ. Adaptive homeostasis. Mol Aspects Med 2016;49:1–7.
- Garrett DD, Kovacevic N, McIntosh AR, et al. The importance of being variable. J Neurosci 2011;31:4496–4503.
- Woods HA. Mosaic physiology from developmental noise: within-organism physiological diversity as an alternative to phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic flexibility. J Exp Biol 2014;217:35–45.
- Dzau VJ, Ginsburg GS, Van Nuys K, et al. Aligning incentives to fulfil the promise of personalised medicine. Lancet 2015;385:2118–2119.
- Gibney MJ, Walsh MC. The future direction of personalised nutrition: my diet, my phenotype, my genes. Proc Nutr Soc 2013;72:219–225.
- Timmons JA. Variability in training-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. J Appl Physiol 2011;110:846–853.
- Lewis NA, Newell J, Burden R, et al. Critical difference and biological variation in biomarkers of oxidative stress and nutritional status in athletes. PLoS One 2016;11:e0149927.
- Stagos D, Goutzourelas N, Ntontou AM, et al. Assessment of eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress using oxidation-reduction potential markers. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015;2015:204615.
- Gomez-Cabrera MC, Domenech E, Romagnoli M, et al. Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:142–149.
- Gomez-Cabrera MC, Salvador-Pascual A, Cabo H, et al. Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training? Free Radic Biol Med 2015;86:37–46.
- Reid MB. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and skeletal muscle contraction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:371–376.
- Sandström ME, Zhang SJ, Bruton J, et al. Role of reactive oxygen species in contraction-mediated glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol (Lond.) 2006;575:251–262.
- Gomez-Cabrera MC, Borrás C, Pallardó FV, et al. Decreasing xanthine oxidase-mediated oxidative stress prevents useful cellular adaptations to exercise in rats. J Physiol (Lond.) 2005;567:113–120.
- Ji LL, Kang C, Zhang Y. Exercise-induced hormesis and skeletal muscle health. Free Radic Biol Med 2016;98:113–122.
- Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Paschalis V, et al. Principles for integrating reactive species into in vivo biological processes: examples from exercise physiology. Cell Signal 2016;28:256–271.
- Merry TL, Ristow M. Do antioxidant supplements interfere with skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise training? J Physiol 2015. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1113/JP270654.