Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects

References

• Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Harman D. The aging process. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78(11):7124–7128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brieger K, Schiavone S, Miller FJ Jr, et al. Reactive oxygen species: from health to disease. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB III. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17(1):24–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waris G, Ahsan H. Reactive oxygen species: role in the development of cancer and various chronic conditions. J Carcinog. 2006;5:14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279(6):L1005–L1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson MB, Hosick PA, McCaulley GO, et al. The effect of resistance exercise on humoral markers of oxidative stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(3):542–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaf DA, Kleinman MT, Hamilton M, et al. The effect of exercise intensity on lipid peroxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(8):1036–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inal M, Akyüz F, Turgut A, et al. Effect of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism on free radical generation swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(4):564–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovlin R, Cottle W, Pyke I, et al. Are indices of free radical damage related to exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1987;56(3):313–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleck SJ, Kraemer WJ. Designing resistance training programs. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics Publishers; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• ACSM. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Raastad T. Ischemic strength training: a low-load alternative to heavy resistance exercise? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(4):401–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell CJ, Churchward-Venne TA, West DWD, et al. Resistance exercise load does not determine training-mediated hypertrophic gains in young men. J Appl Physiol. 2012;113(1):71–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry CS, Glynn EL, Drummond MJ, et al. Blood flow restriction exercise stimulates mTORC1 signaling and muscle protein synthesis in older men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010;108(5):1199–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, et al. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(1):147–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, et al. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;88(6):2097–2106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korthuis RJ, Granger DN, Townsley MI, et al. The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemia-induced increases in canine skeletal muscle vascular permeability. Circ Res. 1985;57(4):599–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JL, Lucchesi BR. Mechanisms of myocardial reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68(5):1905–1912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garten RS, Goldfarb A, Crabb B, et al. The impact of partial vascular occlusion on oxidative stress markers during resistance exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36(7):542–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfarb AH, Garten RS, Chee PD, et al. Resistance exercise effects on blood glutathione status and plasma protein carbonyls: influence of partial vascular occlusion. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;104(5):813–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neto GR, Novaes JS, Salerno VP, et al. Does a resistance exercise session with continuous or intermittent blood flow restriction promote muscle damage and increase oxidative stress? J Sports Sci. 2018;36(1):104–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas S, Reading J, Shephard RJ. Revision of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q). Can J Sport Sci. 1992;17(4):338–345.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baechle TR, Earle RW Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Fahs CA, et al. Blood flow restriction does not result in prolonged decrements in torque. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(4):923–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, et al. Practical blood flow restriction training increases acute determinants of hypertrophy without increasing indices of muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(11):3068–3075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuda T, Fujita S, Ogasawara R, et al. Effects of low-intensity bench press training with restricted arm muscle blood flow on chest muscle hypertrophy: a pilot study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2010;30(5):338–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loenneke JP, Kim D, Fahs CA, et al. Effects of exercise with and without different degrees of blood flow restriction on torque and muscle activation. Muscle Nerve. 2015;51(5):713–721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Abe T, et al. Blood flow restriction pressure recommendations: the hormesis hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2014;82(5):623–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariappan N, Elks CM, Fink B, et al. TNF-induced mitochondrial damage: a link between mitochondrial complex I activity and left ventricular dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;46(4):462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrakic-Sposta S, Gussoni M, Montorsi M, et al. Assessment of a standardized ROS production profile in humans by electron paramagnetic resonance. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:973927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexandre A, Lehninger AL. Bypasses of the antimycin A block of mitochondrial electron transport in relation to ubisemiquinone function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984;767(1):120–129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turrens JF, Alexandre A, Lehninger AL. Ubisemiquinone is the electron donor for superoxide formation by complex III of heart mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1985;237(2):408–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2(2):92–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Field A. Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: SAGE; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Takarada Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, et al. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;88(1):61–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomer RJ, Goldfarb AH, Wideman L, et al. Effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood markers of oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(2):276–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombes JS, Rowell B, Dodd SL, et al. Effects of vitamin E deficiency on fatigue and muscle contractile properties. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(3):272–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers SK, Ji LL, Kavazis AN, et al. Reactive oxygen species: impact on skeletal muscle. Compr Physiol. 2011;1(2):941–969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer H, Wartenberg M, Hescheler J. Reactive oxygen species as intracellular messengers during cell growth and differentiation. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2001;11(4):173–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libardi CA, Chacon-Mikahil MP, Cavaglieri CR, et al. Effect of concurrent training with blood flow restriction in the elderly. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36(5):395–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madarame H, Neya M, Ochi E, et al. Cross-transfer effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(2):258–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson SD, Ferguson RA. Increase in calf post-occlusive blood flow and strength following short-term resistance exercise training with blood flow restriction in young women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):1025–1033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Zhang T, Dong Q, et al. Redox homeostasis: the linchpin in stem cell selfrenewal and differentiation. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dröge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev. 2002;82(1):47–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh S, Lertwattanarak R, Lefort N, et al. Reduction in reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria from elderly subjects with normal and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes. 2011;60(8):2051–2060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Li CG, Qi Z, et al. Acute exercise induced mitochondrial H2O2 production in mouse skeletal muscle: association with p(66Shc) and FOXO3a signaling and antioxidant enzymes. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:536456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnar AM, Servais S, Guichardant M, et al. Mitochondrial H2O2 production is reduced with acute and chronic eccentric exercise in rat skeletal muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8(3–4):548–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margaritelis NV, Kyparos A, Paschalis V, et al. Reductive stress after exercise: the issue of redox individuality. Redox Biol. 2014;2:520–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar