Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against LPS-induced ARDS by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in pulmonary endothelial cells

References

• Ware LB, Matthay MA. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1334–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012;307:2526–2533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laffey JG, Matthay MA. Fifty years of research in ARDS. Cell based therapy for ARDS: biology and potential therapeutic value. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196:266–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthay MA, Ware LB, Zimmerman GA. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:2731–2740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, Matthay MA, Brower RG, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of an aerosolized β2-agonist for treatment of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:561–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, et al. Enteral omega-3 fatty acid, γ-linolenic acid, and antioxidant supplementation in acute lung injury. JAMA. 2011;306:1574–1581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meduri GU, Yates CR. Systemic inflammation-associated glucocorticoid resistance and outcome of ARDS. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1024:24–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrucci N, De Feo C. Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD003844.
   Google Scholar
• Orfanos SE, Mavrommati I, Korovesi I, et al. Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung injury: from basic science to the critically ill. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:1702–1714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moussa MD, Santonocito C, Fagnoul D, et al. Evaluation of endothelial damage in sepsis-related ARDS using circulating endothelial cells. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41:231–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Liu W, Yu J, et al. Characterization and hypoglycemic effect of a polysaccharide extracted from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Carbohydr Polym. 2013;98:8–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao J, Liong EC, Ching YP, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect mice liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and necroinflammation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139:462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varoni MV, Pasciu V, Gadau SD, et al. Possible antioxidant effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on hepatic cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017;24:2946–2955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui B, Chen Y, Liu S, et al. Antitumour activity of Lycium chinensis polysaccharides in liver cancer rats. Int J Biol Macromol. 2012;51:314–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao P, Zhou R, Zhu XY, et al. Neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on focal cerebral ischemic injury in mice. Neurochem Res. 2017;42:2798–2813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner M, Noonepalle S, Lu Q, et al. ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;967:105–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, So KF, Lo AC. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide extracts preserve retinal function and attenuate inner retinal neuronal damage in a mouse model of transient retinal ischaemia. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;45:717–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng J, Zhou ZW, Sheng HP, et al. An evidence-based update on the pharmacological activities and possible molecular targets of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. Drug Des Dev Ther. 2015;9:33–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao J, Xing F, Huo J, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides therapeutically improve hepatic functions in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats and cellular steatosis model. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council (US) Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Guidance for the description of animal research in scientific publications. Washington, (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Matute-Bello G, Downey G, Moore BB, et al. An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: features and measurements of experimental acute lung injury in animals. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011;44:725–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang CC, Park AY, Guan JL. In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro. Nat Protoc. 2007;2:329–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniatis NA, Kotanidou A, Catravas JD, et al. Endothelial pathomechanisms in acute lung injury. Vascul Pharmacol. 2008;49:119–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang F, Peng T, Yang S, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates the cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin and increases the activity of AKT. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2016;52:66–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao W, Pan X, Li T, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect against trimethyltin chloride-induced apoptosis via sonic hedgehog and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in mouse neuro-2a Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9826726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao K, Liu M, Cao J, et al. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through the ROS-NO pathway. Molecules. 2014;20:293–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umeno A, Biju V, Yoshida Y. In vivo ROS production and use of oxidative stress-derived biomarkers to detect the onset of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes. Free Radic Res. 2017;51:413–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh S, Hayden MS. New regulators of NF-κB in inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:837–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki T, Nishiwaki T, Sekine A, et al. Vascular repair by tissue-resident endothelial progenitor cells in endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015;53:500–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney RM, McAuley DF. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet. 2016;388:2416–2430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron-Gutierrez T, Laffey JG, Pelosi P, et al. Cell-based therapies for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2014;20:122–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair K, Yerkovich ST, Chambers DC. Mesenchymal stem cells and the lung. Respirology. 2013;18:397–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao M, Wang SN, Lv XJ, et al. Intravenous delivery of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells improves survival and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. Shock. 2010;34:196–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Chen W, Zhao J, et al. Functional constituents and antioxidant activities of eight Chinese native goji genotypes. Food Chem. 2016;200:230–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bo R, Zheng S, Xing J, et al. The immunological activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposome in vitro and adjuvanticity against PCV2 in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;85:294–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galani V, Tatsaki E, Bai M, et al. The role of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): an up-to-date cell-specific review. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206:145–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y. Mechanisms of caspase activation and inhibition during apoptosis. Mol Cell. 2002;9:459–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross A, Mcdonnell JM, Korsmeyer SJ. BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev. 1999;13:1899–1911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green DR, Reed JC. Mitochondria and Apoptosis. Science. 1998;281:1309–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cory G. Scratch-wound assay. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;769:25–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simon HU, Haj-Yehia A, Levi-Schaffer F. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis. 2000;5:415–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelko IN, Mariani TJ, Folz RJ. Superoxide dismutase multigene family: a comparison of the CuZn-SOD (SOD1), Mn-SOD (SOD2), and EC-SOD (SOD3) gene structures, evolution, and expression. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002;33:337–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-κB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1:a001651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Pan H, Chang RC, et al. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway contributes to the protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the rodent retina after ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage. PLoS One. 2014;9:e84800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Khor TO, Xu C, et al. Activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling attenuates NFκB-inflammatory response and elicits apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;76:1485–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar