2,229
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of vitamin E on low density lipoprotein oxidation at lysosomal pH

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 574-584 | Received 11 Jun 2020, Accepted 27 Aug 2020, Published online: 16 Sep 2020

References

  • Rafieian-Kopaei M, Setorki M, Doudi M, et al. Atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(8):927–946.
  • Shio H, Haley NJ, Fowler S. Characterization of lipid-laden aortic cells from cholesterol-fed rabbits. II. Morphometric analysis of lipid-filled lysosomes and lipid droplets in aortic cell populations. Lab Invest. 1978;39(4):390–397.
  • Peters TJ, de Duve C. Lysosomes of the arterial wall. II. subcellular fractionation of aortic cells from rabbits with experimental atheroma. Exp Mol Pathol. 1974;20(2):228–256.
  • Chisolm GM, Steinberg D. The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: an overview. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28(12):1815–1826.
  • Tsimikas S, Miller YI. Oxidative modification of lipoproteins: mechanisms, role in inflammation and potential clinical applications in cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(1):27–37.
  • Esterbauer H, Gebicki J, Puhl H, et al. The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radic Biol Med. 1992;13(4):341–390.
  • Gey KF, Puska P. Plasma vitamins E and A inversely correlated to mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1989;570(1 Vitamin E):268–282.
  • Jessup W, Rankin SM, de Whalley CV, et al. a-Tocopherol consumption during low-density-lipoprotein oxidation. Biochem J. 1990;265(2):399–405..
  • Dieber-Rotheneder M, Puhl H, Waeg G, et al. Effect of oral supplementation with D-a-tocopherol on the vitamin E content of human low density lipoproteins and resistance to oxidation. J Lipid Res. 1991;32:1325–1332.
  • Azzi A, Stocker A. Vitamin E: non-antioxidant roles. Prog Lipid Res. 2000;39(3):231–255.
  • Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:23–33.
  • Yusuf S, Phil D, Dagenais G, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(3):154–160.
  • Brown BG, Cheung MC, Lee AC, et al. Antioxidant vitamins and lipid therapy: end of a long romance? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(10):1535–1546.
  • Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, et al. A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women – Results from the women’s antioxidant cardiovascular study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(15):1610–1618.
  • Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation in healthy individuals reduces low-density lipoprotein oxidation but not atherosclerosis: the Vitamin E Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (VEAPS). Circulation. 2002;106(12):1453–1459.
  • Keith ME, Jeejeebhoy KN, Langer A, et al. A controlled clinical trial of vitamin E supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(2):219–224.
  • Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2005;294(1):56–65.
  • Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer – a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2005;293:1338–1347.
  • Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2008;300(18):2123–2133.
  • Vivekananthan DP, Penn MS, Sapp SK, et al. Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2003;361(9374):2017–2023.
  • Wen Y, Leake DS. Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidation within lysosomes in cells. Circ Res. 2007;100(9):1337–1343.
  • Ahmad F, Leake DS. Lysosomal oxidation of LDL alters lysosomal pH, induces senescence, and increases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages. J Lipid Res. 2019;60(1):98–110.
  • Ahmad F, Leake DS. Antioxidants inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation less at lysosomal pH: a possible explanation as to why the clinical trials of antioxidants might have failed. Chem Phys Lipids. 2018;213:13–24.
  • Ojo OO, Leake DS. Low density lipoprotein oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH. Chem Phys Lipids. 2018;217:51–57.
  • Wen Y, Ahmad F, Mohri Z, et al. Cysteamine inhibits lysosomal oxidation of low density lipoprotein in human macrophages and reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Atherosclerosis. 2019;291:9–18.
  • Satchell L, Leake DS. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by iron at lysosomal pH: implications for atherosclerosis. Biochemistry. 2012;51(18):3767–3775.
  • Wilkins GM, Leake DS. The effect of inhibitors of free radical generating-enzymes on low-density lipoprotein oxidation by macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994;1211(1):69–78.
  • Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Striegl G, et al. Role of vitamin E in preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:S 314–S 321.
  • Kritharides L, Jessup W, Gifford J, et al. A method for defining the stages of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by the separation of cholesterol- and cholesteryl ester-oxidation products using HPLC. Anal Biochem. 1993;213(1):79–89.
  • Esterbauer H, Striegl G, Puhl H, et al. Continuous monitoring of in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;6(1):67–75.
  • Perugini C, Seccia M, Albano E, et al. The dynamic reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) and not Cu(I) availability is a sufficient trigger for low density lipoprotein oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997;1347(2–3):191–198.
  • Pieroni L, Khalil L, Charlotte F, et al. Comparison of bathophenanthroline sulfonate and ferene as chromogens in colorimetric measurement of low hepatic iron concentration. Clin Chem. 2001;47(11):2059–2061.
  • Thomas SR, Stocker R. Molecular action of vitamin E in lipoprotein oxidation: implications for atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28(12):1795–1805.
  • Meguro R, Asano Y, Odagiri S, et al. The presence of ferric and ferrous iron in the nonheme iron store of resident macrophages in different tissues and organs: histochemical demonstrations by the perfusion-Perls and -Turnbull methods in the rat. Arch Histol Cytol. 2005;68(3):171–183.
  • Niki E. Oxidant-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Association with atherosclerosis and implication for antioxidant effects. Free Radic. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018;120:425–440.
  • Steinberg D, Witztum JL. Is the oxidative modification hypothesis relevant to human atherosclerosis? Do the antioxidant trials conducted to date refute the hypothesis? Circulation. 2002;105(17):2107–2111.
  • Gieβauf A, Steiner E, Esterbauer H. Early destruction of tryptophan residues of apolipoprotein B is a vitamin E-independent process during copper-mediated oxidation of LDL. Biochim Biophys Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. 1995;1256(2):221–232.
  • Bedwell S, Dean RT, Jessup W. The action of defined oxygen-centred free radicals on human low-density lipoprotein. Biochem J. 1989;262(3):707–712.
  • Bowry VW, Ingold KU, Stocker R. Vitamin E in human low-density lipoprotein – When and how this antioxidant becomes a prooxidant. Biochem J. 1992;288(2):341–344.
  • Yoshida Y, Tsuchiya J, Niki E. Interaction of alpha-tocopherol with copper and its effect on lipid peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994;1200(2):85–92..
  • Navarrete M, Rangel C, Espinosa-Garcia J, et al. Theoretical study of the antioxidant activity of vitamin E: Reactions of α-Tocopherol with the Hydroperoxy Radical. J Chem Theory Comput. 2005;1(2):337–344.