Reactive oxygen intermediates regulate cellular response to apoptotic stimuli: An hypothesis

References

• Cross A.R., Jones O.T.G. Enzymatic mechanisms of superoxide production. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1991; 1057: 281–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross A.R. Inhibitors of the leukocyte superoxide generating oxidase: mechanisms of action and methods for their elucidation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1990; 8: 71–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridovich I. Oxygen radical, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen toxicity. Free Radicals in Biology, W.A. Pryor. Academic Press. 1976; 239–277, In
   Google Scholar
• Fridovich I. The biology of oxygen radicals. Science 1978; 201: 875–880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Methods Enzymology 1990; 186: 1–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine3rd edn. Clarendon Press, OxfordEngland 1998
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, B.A. Biological sites and mechanisms of free radical production. Free Radicals in Molecular Biology, Aging, and Disease, D. Armstrong, et al. Raven Press, New York 1984; 43–52, In
   Google Scholar
• Beh C., Davis J.B., Lesley R., Schubert D. Hydrogen peroxide mediates amyloid β protein toxicity. Cell 1994; 77: 817–827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan H.M. Biosynthesis and regulation of superoxide dismutases. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1988; 5: 377–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibanuma M., Kuroki T., Nose K. Induction of DNA replication and expression of prot-oncogene c-myc and c-fos in quiescent Balb/3T3 cells by xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Oncogene 1988; 3: 17–21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdon R. Superoxide and Hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995; 18: 775–794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerutti P.A. Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science 1985; 227: 375–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majno G., Joris I. Apoptosis, oncosis and necrosis, an overview of cell death. American Journal of Pathology 1995; 146: 3–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie A.H. Cell death: a new classification separating apoptosis from necrosis. Cell: Death in Biology and Pathology, I.D. Bowen, R.A. Lockshin. Chapman & Hall, London 1981; 9–34, In
   Google Scholar
• Alnemeri E.S., Livingston D.J., Nicholson D.W., Salvesen G., Thornebery N.A., Wong W.W., Yuan Y. Human ICE/CED-3 protease nomenclature. Cell 1996; 87: 171–171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis H., Horvitz H.R. Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode C. elegans. Cell 1986; 44: 817–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enari M., Hug H., Nagata S. Involvement of an ICE-like protease in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Nature 1995; 375: 78–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henkart P.A. ICE family proteases: mediators of all apoptotic cell death. Immunity 1996; 4: 195–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S. ICE-like proteases in apoptosis. Trends in Biochemical Science 1995; 20: 198–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin S.J., Green D.R. Protease activation during apoptosis: death by a thousand cuts?. Cell 1995; 82: 349–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson D.W., All A., Thornberry N.A., Vaillancourt J.P., Ding C.K., Gallant M., Gareau Y., Griffin P.R., Labelle M., Lazebnik Y.A., Munday N.A., Raju S.M., Smulson Methods Enzymology M.E., Yamin T.-T., Yu V.L., Miller D.K. Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis. Nature 1995; 376: 37–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahachi A., Musy P.Y., Martins L.M., Poirier G.G., Moyer R.W., Earnshaw W.C. CrmA/SPI-2 inhibition of an endogenous ICE-related protease responsible for lamin A cleavage and apoptotic nuclear fragmentation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996; 271: 32487–32490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villa P., Henzel W., Sensenbrenner M., Henderson C., Pattmann B. Calpain inhibitors, but not caspase inhibitors, prevent actin proteolysis and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Journal of Cell Science 1998; 111: 713–722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang F., Sun X., Beech W., Teter B., Wu S., Sigel J., Vinters H.V., Frautschy S.A., Cole G.M. Antibody to caspase-cleaved actin detects apoptosis in differentiated neuroblastoma and plaque-associated neurons and microglia in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Pathology 1998; 152: 379–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhivotovsky B., Gahm A., Orrenius S. Two different proteases are involved in the proteolysis of lamin during apoptosis. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 1997; 233: 96–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann S.H., Desnoyers S., Ottaviano Y., Davidson N.E., Poirier G. Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Cancer Research 1993; 53: 3976–3985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttke T.M., Sandstrom P.A. Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Immunology Today 1994; 15: 7–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacobson D. Reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death. Trends in Biochemical Science 1996; 21: 83–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement M.-V., Ponton A., Pervaiz S. Apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide is mediated by a decrease superoxide anion concentration and reduction of intracellular milieu. FEBS Letters 1998; 440: 13–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton M., Orrenius S. Dual regulation of caspase activity by hydrogen peroxide: implications for apoptosis. FEBS Letters 1997; 3: 552–556
   Google Scholar
• Nosseri C., Coppola S., Ghibelli L. Possible involvement of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase in triggering stress-induced apoptosis. Experimental Cell Research 1994; 212: 367–373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson M.D., Raff M.C. Programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen. Nature 1995; 374: 814–816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu S., Eguchi Y., Kosaka H., Kamiike W., Matsuda H., Tsujimoto Y. Prevention of hypoxia-induced cell death by Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Nature 1995; 374: 811–813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pervaiz S., Ramalingan J., Hirpara J., Clement M.-V. Superoxide anion regulates tumor cell sensitivity to apoptosis triggered by anticancer agents. 1998, (submitted for publication).
   Google Scholar
• Clement M.-V., Stamenkovic I. Superoxide anion is a natural inhibitor of Fas-mediated cell death. EMBO Journal 1996; 15: 216–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberley T.D., Schultz J.L., Li N., Oberley L.W. Antioxidant enzyme levels as a function of growth state in cell culture. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995; 19: 53–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberley T., Oberley L. Oxygen radicals and cancer. Free Radical in Aging, B.P. Yu. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 1993, In
   Google Scholar
• Pluthero F.G., Shreev M., Eskinasi D., van der Gaag H., Huang K., Hulmes J., Blum M., Axelrad A. Purification of an inhibitor of erythroid progenitor cell cycling and antagonist to interleukin 3 from mouse marrow cell supernatants and its identification as cytosolic superoxide dismutase. Journal of Cell Biology 1990; 111: 1217–1223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani K., Xia Y., Zweier J.L., Sollott S.J., Der C.J., Fearson E.R., Sundaresan M., Finkel T., Goldshmidt-Clermont P.J. Mitogenic signaling mediated by oxidants in ras-transformed fibroblasts. Science 1997; 275: 1649–1652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abate C., Patel L., Rauscher R.J., III, Curran T. Redox regulation of Fos and Jun DNA-binding activity in vitro. Science 1990; 249: 1157–1161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlong I.J., Ascaso R., Lopez-Rivas A., Collins M.K.L. Intracellular acidification induces apoptosis by stimulating ICE-like protease activity. Journal of Cell Science 1997; 110: 653–661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton M., Orrenius S. Redox regulation of apoptotic cell death. Biofactors 1998; 8: 1–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmaltz C., Hardenbergh P.H., Wells A., Fischer D.E. Regulation of proliferation-survival decision during tumor cell hypoxia. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1998; 18: 2845–2854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raff M. Social controls on survival and cell death. Nature 1992; 356: 397–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar