Liability And Western Nonproliferation Assistance To Russia: Time For A Fresh Look?

References

• Radetzki , Marcus . 1999 . “Limitation of Third Party Nuclear Liability: Causes, Implications and Future Possibilities,” . Nuclear Law Bulletin , June : 10 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• McRae , Ben and Assistant General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy . “Recent Developments: New Legislation and Adherence to Conventions (USA),” . paper delivered to Budapest Symposium . May 31‐June 3 . Budapest : OECD/NEA Legal Affairs, in cooperation with the IAEA and the European Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Borre , Tom vanden . 1999 . “Channeling of Liability,” . In Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law¾Harmonizmg Legislation in CEEC/NIS , Edited by: Horbach , Nathalie L.J.T. 21 27 The Hague : Kluwer Law .
   Google Scholar
• Trebilcock , Michael and Winter , Ralph . “The Economics of Nuclear Accident Law,” . 235
   Google Scholar
• Borre , Tom vanden . “Channeling of Liability: A Few Juridical and Economic Views on an Inadequate Legal Construction,” . In Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law Edited by: Horbach . 21
   Google Scholar
• Beyens , Marc . “Damage to “On‐Site” Property,” . Budapest Symposium , 508
   Google Scholar
• Beyens , Marc . “Damage to “On‐Site” Property,” . Budapest Symposium , 508
   Google Scholar
• Pelzer , Norbert . “Comments,” . Budapest Symposium , 578 583
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , Steve . “Comments,” . Budapest Symposium , 581
   Google Scholar
• Gehr , Walter . “Comments,” . Budapest Symposium , 580
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . “Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage,” . International Legal Materials , 36 September
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . “1997 Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage,” with annex . International Legal Materials , 36 September : 1462
   Google Scholar
• Radetzki , Marcus . 1999 . “Limitation of Third Party Nuclear Liability: Causes, Implications and Future Possibilities,” . Nuclear Law Bulletin , June : 11
   Google Scholar
• June 17 1992 . “Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation Concerning the Safe and Secure Transportation, Storage and Destruction of Weapons and the Prevention of Weapons Proliferation, with Implementing Agreements and Annexes,” . June 17 ,
   Google Scholar
• Beard , Jack M. 1995 . “Recent Development: A New Legal Regime for Bilateral Assistance Programs: International Agreements Governing the ‘Nunn‐Lugar’ Demilitarization Program in the Former Soviet Union,” . Virginia Journal of International Law , 35 Summer : 894
   Google Scholar
• Negotiations on the December . March 1993 . “Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning Operational Safety Enhancements, Risk Reduction Measures and Nuclear Safety Regulation for Civil Nuclear Facilities in the Russian Federation,” . In Nuclear Safety Related Cooperation Agreements Concluded with the Federation of Russia and with Ukraine, , 2nd ed. , March , 15 Issy‐les‐Moulineaux : AEN/NEA OECD . 2001
   Google Scholar
• July 24 1998 . “Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation on Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Management of Plutonium that Has Been Withdrawn from Nuclear Military Programs,” . July 24 ,
   Google Scholar
• September 2 2000 . “Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Management and Disposition of Plutonium Designated as No Longer Required for Defense Purposes and Related Co‐operation—Annex on Assistance,” . September 2 ,
   Google Scholar
• October 2 1999 . “Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation Regarding Cooperation in the Area of Nuclear Material Physical Protection, Control and Accounting,” . October 2 ,
   Google Scholar
• April 7 1997 . “Declaration on Arctic Military Environmental Co‐operation between Russia, the United States of America, and Norway” (AMEC) ” . April 7 ,
   Google Scholar
• Enhancement of Nuclear and Radiation Safety . 1998 . Overenskomster med Fremmede Stater , May : 568 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Sawhill , Steven and Jørgensen , Anne Kristin . December 2001 . Military Nuclear Waste and International Co‐operatio in Northwest Russia, (Military Nuclear Waste) , Fridtjof Nansen Institute Report December , 23 – 28 . 30 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Environmental Security . Program Plan and Proposed Obligations for the Arctic Military Environmental Co‐operation Program FY 1999 Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . United Nations Disarmament Yearbook , Vol. 16 , 450 – 476 . New York : Office for Disarmament Affairs . Appendix II, (START I)
   Google Scholar
• Sawhill and Jørgensen . Military Nuclear Waste 41 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Sawhill and Jørgensen . Military Nuclear Waste 36 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Dragnes , >Kjell . 2000 . “Atom‐samarbeid i stampe, [Nuclear Cooperation Stuck],” . Aftenposten , April 9 : 7
   Google Scholar
• Hønneland , Geir and Moe , Arild . 2001 . “Mislykket atomsamarbeid? [Unsuccessful Nuclear Cooperation?] . "Aftenposten , March 8 : 22
   Google Scholar
• Nilsen , Thomas . July 2 2002 . “AMEC survives despite lack of liability agreement,” . July 2 , <http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co‐operation/24815.html>
   Google Scholar
• Sains , Ariane . 2003 . “Nordic‐Russian Arctic Clean‐Up Pact Nears Final Hurdle at Last,” . Nucleonics Week , January 23 : 12
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . “Declaration of Principles Regarding a Multilateral Nuclear Environmental Program (MNEPR) in the Russian Federation,” March 5, 1999 . Nuclear Law Bulletin , June : 95 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Sains . “Nordic‐Russian Artic Clean‐Up,” . 12
   Google Scholar
• Blair , Bruce . 2001 . “Nukes: A Lesson from Russia,” . Washington Post , July 11 : A19
   Google Scholar
• Costello , Sam . 2001 . “U.S. Nuclear Tracking Software Had Glitch,” . Info World Daily News , July 24 <http://www.nwfusion.com/news/2001/0724nuclear.html>
   Google Scholar
• http://www.rosatom.ru/english/concern/index.html (http://www.rosatom.ru/english/concern/index.html)
   Google Scholar
• http://www.tvel.ru/index.html (http://www.tvel.ru/index.html)
   Google Scholar
• 2000 . “A lawsuit against the Russian Federation...,” . FreshFUEL , May 8 : 1
   Google Scholar
• http://www.world‐nuclear.org/nb/nb00/nb0020.htm (http://www.world‐nuclear.org/nb/nb00/nb0020.htm)
   Google Scholar
• http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fissmat/heudeal/heudev.htm (http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fissmat/heudeal/heudev.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Okowa , Phoebe . 2000 . State Responsibility for Transboundary Air Pollution in International Law , 65 99 – 130 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brownlie , Ian. 1998 . Principles of Public International Law, , 5th ed. , 478 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brownlie , Ian . 1990 . Principles of Public International Law, , 4th ed. , 433 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Borre , Tom vanden . 1999 . “Channeling of Liability: A Few Juridical and Economic Views on an Inadequate Legal Construction,” . In Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law—Harmonizing Legislation , Edited by: Horbach , Nathalie L.J.T. and CEEC/NIS . 17 – 21 . The Hague : Kluwer Law .
   Google Scholar
• Reyners , Patrick . 1998 . “Modernization of the Civil Liability Regime for Nuclear Damage: Amendment of the Vienna Convention and Adoption of the New Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage,” . In Advanced Training Seminar on Nuclear Law: Compendium, Tallinn, 24–8 August 1998 , 8 Paris : OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , Omer F. II . 1999 . “Nuclear Liability: A Continuing Impediment to Nuclear Commerce,” . paper delivered to the Twenty‐Fourth Annual International Symposium of the Uranium Institute . September 9–10 1999 , London. <http://www.world‐nuclear.org/sym/1999/brown.htm>
   Google Scholar
• McRae , Ben and Assistant General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy . “Recent Developments: New Legislation and Adherence to Conventions (USA),” . paper delivered to Budapest Symposium, sponsored by OECD/NEA Legal Affairs . May 31‐June 3 . pp. 539 Budapest : IAEA and the European Commission .
   Google Scholar
• vanden Borre . “Channeling of Liability,” . 21 27
   Google Scholar
• vanden Borre . “Channeling of Liability,” . 27
   Google Scholar
• 1963 . “Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage,” . Treaties and International Agreements Registered or Filed or Reported with the Secre ‐tariat of the United nations , 1063 ( 16197 ) May 21 : 265 1977
   Google Scholar
• http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/Documents/Legal/liability_status.pdf (http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/Documents/Legal/liability_status.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• 1974 . UNTS , 956 ( 13706 ) : 251
   Google Scholar
• http://www.nea.fr/ (http://www.nea.fr/)
   Google Scholar
• http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/ (http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/)
   Google Scholar
• 29 September 1997 . Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, with annex 29 September ,
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . International Legal Materials , 36 : 1462
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . Compensation for Nuclear Damage , September 29
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . International Legal Materials , 36 September : 1473
   Google Scholar
• 2002 . Nuclear Law Bulletin , December : 68
   Google Scholar
• http://www.nea.fr/html/law/legal‐documents.html (http://www.nea.fr/html/law/legal‐documents.html)
   Google Scholar
• McRae , Ben . 1998 . “The Compensation Convention: Path to a Global Regime for Dealing with Legal Liability and Compensation for Nuclear Damage,” . Nuclear Law Bulletin , June : 26 – 27 . 29 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Documents/Legal/liability.shtml (http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Documents/Legal/liability.shtml)
   Google Scholar
• Leigh , William J. “The Nuclear Liability Convention¾the Only Word on Liability?” . Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law , 509 – 519 .
   Google Scholar
• McRae . “The Compensation Convention,” . 25 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Horbach , Nathalie L.J.T. , Brown , Omer F. II and Borre , Tom vanden . 2002 . “Terrorism and Nuclear Damage Coverage,” . Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law , 20 July
   Google Scholar
• Reyners , Patrick . “Modernization of the Civil Liability Regime,” . 10
   Google Scholar
• Horbach , Nathalie L.J.T . “Lacunae,” . Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law , 77 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Reyners , Patrick . “Modernization of the Civil Liability Regime,” . 10
   Google Scholar
• Pelzer , Norbert . “Focus on the Future of Nuclear Liability Law,” . Reform of Civil Nuclear Liability, International Symposium, Budapest Symposium , 424
   Google Scholar
• “Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage,” . Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper No. 70 Uranium Information Center . <http://www.uic.com.au/nip70.htm>
   Google Scholar
• Allen , Charles . 1997 . “International Principles of Nuclear Liability: Western Group's Comments on the Draft Law on the Compensation of Nuclear Damage and Nuclear Insurance,” . In International Seminar on Nuclear Damage Compensation and Nuclear Insurance: Compendium, Moscow 15–17 April 1997 , Paris : OECD, Nuclear Safety Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Troy , Anne . “Statement for the International Seminar on Nuclear Liability and Insurance Issues in Russia,” . Moscow Seminar , 171
   Google Scholar
• Kessler , Carol and Senior Co‐coordinator for Nuclear Safety, U.S. Department of State . 2000 . “Address at the Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG) . Meeting on Nuclear Waste Problems in Russia,” . March 1 2000 , Washington D.C..
   Google Scholar
• Zhuchkov , M.A. “International Civil (Legal) Nuclear Liability Regime and Conceptual Features of the Russian Federation Nuclear Insurance System,” . Moscow Seminar , 144 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . “Federal Law on the Use of Atomic Energy of 20 October 1995,” . Supplement to Nuclear Law Bulletin , June
   Google Scholar
• Matveev , A. A. “Conceptual Draft of the Federal Law, ‘On Indemnification for Nuclear Damage and Nuclear Insurance,’” . Moscow Seminar , 139 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , Charles . “International Principles of Nuclear Liability,” . Moscow Seminar , 163 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Horbach , Nathalie L.J.T. “Nuclear Energy Law and Regulation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS,” . Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law , 206 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Supataeva , Olga A. “New Russian Legislation on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and Nuclear Insurance,” . Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law , 256 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• 2000 . “Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and in the NIS Year 2000 Edition‐ Russian Federation,” . Paris : OECD, Nuclear Safety Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Kessler . March 1 2000 . “Address at the IWG meeting,” . March 1 ,
   Google Scholar
• IWG . March 1 2000 . “Address at the IWG,” . March 1 ,
   Google Scholar
• Karasev , Andrei V. “Nuclear indemnity regulations in the Russian Federation,” . Budapest Symposium , 624 – 625 .
   Google Scholar
• June 9 1995 . “Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development [EBRD] relating to Nuclear Safety Account Projects in the Russian Federation, with Annexes,” . June 9 ,
   Google Scholar
• June 8 1998 . “Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Nuclear Liability in connection with deliveries from the Federal Republic of Germany for Nuclear Installations in the Russian Federation,” . June 8 ,
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . Nuclear Law Bulletin , June : 105 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• June 20 2000 . “Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of the Russian Federation on Third Party Liability for Nuclear Damage Caused in Connection with Deliveries from the French Republic for Nuclear Installations in the Russian Federation,” . June 20 ,
   Google Scholar
• February 2003 . Compendium of Nuclear Safety Related Cooperation Agreements concluded with the Federation of Russia and with Ukraine , February , 111 – 125 . Issy‐les‐Moulineaux : AEN/NEA OECD .
   Google Scholar
• February 2003 . “Agreement between Nordic Environment Finance Corporation and the Government of the Russian Federation on Corporation in Nuclear Environmental Issues, July 5, 2002, 3rd ed ” . In Compendium of Nuclear Safety Related Cooperation Agreements concluded with the Federation of Russia and with Ukraine , February , 151 – 164 . Issy‐les‐Moulineaux : AEN/NEA OECD .
   Google Scholar
• February 2003 . “Agreement between France, Germany and Russia on Cooperation in the Field of the Civil Use of Pu Resulting from the Dismantling of Russian Nuclear Weapons,” June 2, 1998, 3rd ed ” . In Compendium of Nuclear Safety Related Cooperation Agreements Concluded with the Federation of Russia and with Ukraine , February , 87 – 96 . Issy‐les‐Moulineaux : AEN/NEA OECD .
   Google Scholar
• October 21 1994 . “Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea (DPRK),” . October 21 ,
   Google Scholar
• http://kedo.org/au_history.asp (http://kedo.org/au_history.asp)
   Google Scholar
• December 15 1995 . “ ‘Agreement on Supply of a Light‐Water Reactor Project to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea between the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea,” . December 15 , <http://kedo.org/pdfs/SupplyAgreement.pdf>
   Google Scholar
• July 30 1997 . “Agreement on Terms and Conditions of the Accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization,” . July 30 , <http://kedo.org/pdfs/EUAscension.pdf>
   Google Scholar
• U.S. General Accounting . October 1996 . Office Nuclear Proliferation: Implication of the U.S./North Korea Agreement on Nuclear Issues , GAO/RCED/NSIAD‐97–8 October , <http://www.gao.gov/archive/1997/rc97008.pdf>
   Google Scholar
• Sokolski , Henry . 2000 . “Implementing the DPRK Nuclear Deal: What U.S. Law Requires,” . Nonproliferation Review , 7 Fall‐Winter : 146
   Google Scholar
• Norwegian Ministry of Defense . November 19 2001 . “Draft Protocol on Claims, Legal Proceedings and Indemnification to the MNEPR Framework Agreement,” . November 19 ,
   Google Scholar
• Sawhill and jørgensen . Military Nuclear Waste 67 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Dorenbos , Jildou . “Nuclear risks in the Russian Arctic, Who takes responsibility,” . Groningen Rijksuniversiteit Groningen . forthcoming)
   Google Scholar
• Norwegian Ministry of Defense . July 27 1999 . “Draft AMEC Agreement,” . July 27 ,
   Google Scholar
• Brands , Bram . “Nuclear Indemnity Agreement between the EC and Russia,” . Moscow Seminar , 176
   Google Scholar
• BBC . February 9 2001 . “Europe to Help Process Radioactive Waste,” . February 9 , Russian Environmental Digest Files Editor . <http://www.teia.org>
   Google Scholar
• Karasev . “Nuclear Indemnity Regulations,” . 624
   Google Scholar
• Brown , Omer F. II . “Bilateral Agreements with CEEC/NIS from the Perspective of the United States,” . Contemporary Developments in Nuclear Energy Law , 491 – 498 .
   Google Scholar
• Levant , N.A. “Main Principles of Establishing a Russian Nuclear Insurance Pool,” . Moscow Seminar , 181
   Google Scholar
• Karpov , A.E. and Karachevtsev , A.G. “Some Principles of Approach to Nuclear Risk Insurance,” . Mos‐cow Seminar , 182 – 183 .
   Google Scholar
• Gubanov , V. “The Concept of the Development of Insurance Protection for Enterprises, Organizations and Employees of RF,” . Moscow Seminar , 184 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Amelina , M.E. “Role of Nuclear Insurance Broker in Nuclear Hazardous Facilities Insurance in the Russian Federation,” . Moscow Seminar , 191 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Karpov and Karachevtsev . “Some Principles of Approach to Nuclear Risk Insurance,” . 182 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Horbach . “Nuclear Energy Law and Regulation,” . 207
   Google Scholar
• McRae . “Recent Developments,” . Budapest Symposium , 540
   Google Scholar
• Lepingwell , John W.R. and Sokov , Nikolai . 2000 . “Strategic Offensive Arms Elimination and Weapons Protection, Control, and Accounting,” . Nonproliferation Review , 7 Spring : 64 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• McRae . “Recent Developments,” . Budapest Symposium , 540
   Google Scholar
• Postol , Theodore A. 2000 . “The Target is Russia,” . Bulletin of Atomic Scientists , 56 March/April : 26 – 29 . 30 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , Elizabeth . 2000 . “Russians Challenge U.S. over Radar in Norway,” . New York Times , February 22 <http://www.nytimes.com>
   Google Scholar
• Forden , Geoffrey . 2001 . “The Pentagon and the Professor: A Meeting of Unlike Minds,” . International Herald Tribune , September 1–2 <http://www.iht.com>
   Google Scholar
• Broad , William J. 2003 . “M.I.T Studies Accusations of Lies and Cover‐Up of Flaws in Antimissile System,” . New York Times , January 2 <http://www.nytimes.com>
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tjønn , Halvor . 2001 . “Vardø‐radar uroer Ivanov, [Vardø radar disturbs Ivanov],” . Aftenposten , May 19 : 9
   Google Scholar
• Perlez , Jane . 2001 . “Rice on Front Lines as Adviser to Bush,” New . York Times , August 19 <http://www.nytimes.com>.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , George , Gronlund , Lisbeth and Wright , David . 1999–2000 . “National Missile Defense: An Indefensible System,” . Foreign Policy , Winter : 120 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Schrader , Esther . 2001 . “For Now, Pentagon to Keep Missile‐Shield Tests Basic,” . International Herald Tribune , August 17 <http://www.iht.com>
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , Patrick E. 2001 . “U.S. Sets Deadline for Settlement of ABM Agreement,” . New York Times , August 22 <http://www.nytimes.com>
   Google Scholar
• May 26 1972 . “Treaty on the Limitation of Anti‐Ballistic Missile Systems,” . May 26 ,
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , Patrick E. 2001 . “Russia and U.S. Optimistic on Defense Issues,” . New York Times , October 19 <http://www.nytimes.com>
   Google Scholar
• Sanger , David E. 2001 . “Bush and Putin Declare They Can Alter ABM Pact,” . New York Times , October 22 <http://www.nytimes.com>
   Google Scholar
• Sanger , David E. and Wines , Michael . 2002 . “Bush and Putin Sign Pact for Steep Nuclear Arms Cuts,” New . York Times , May 25 <http://www.nytimes.com>.
   Google Scholar
• August 7 2000 . “Samarbeidet med Russland er Svekket, [Cooperation with Russia is Weakened]” . In Dagsavisen August 7 , 14
   Google Scholar
• Tjønn , Halvor . 2001 . “Awist i Moskva, [Rejected in Moscow],” . Aftenposten , March 8 : 10
   Google Scholar
• Sawhill and Jørgensen . Military Nuclear Waste 85 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Safranchuk , Ivan , ed. 2000 . Co‐operative Threat Reduction Program: How Efficient? , Moscow : PIR Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Vinocur , John . 2002 . “Russia, oldest NATO foe, becomes limited partner,” . International Herald Tribune , May 29 <http://www.iht.com>
   Google Scholar
• Wines , Michael . 2003 . “What's behind Russia's stand,” . New York Times , March 7 : 1
   Google Scholar
• McRae . “The Compensation Convention,” . 29
   Google Scholar
• Radetzki , Marcus . “Limitation of Third Party Nuclear Liability,” . 13 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Trebilcock , Michael and Winter , Ralph . 1997 . “The Economics of Nuclear Accident Law,” . International Review of Law and Economics , 17 : 220 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren , Geoffrey . May 1 1993 . “Insurances for the Nuclear Industry,” . May 1 , 18
   Google Scholar
• Radetzki , Marcus . “Limitation of Third Party Nuclear Liability,” . 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar