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Chronology

A chronology of South Africa's nuclear program

Pages 34-53 | Published online: 05 Feb 2008

Notes

  • Bundy , McGeorge M. 1988 . Danger and Survival. Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years , 125 New York : Random House .
  • Fischer , David . 1990 . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier,” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: The Challenges of the Emerging Suppliers , Edited by: Potter , W.C. 273 Toronto : Lexington Books .
  • Newby‐Fraser , A.R. 1979 . Chain Reaction: Twenty Years of Nuclear Research and Development , 5 Pretoria : The Atomic Energy Board .
  • Minty , Abdul . 1986 . “South Africa's Nuclear Capability: The Apartheid Bomb,” . In Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War , Edited by: Johnson , P. and Martin , D. 205 Harare : Zimbabwe Publishing House .
  • Newby‐Fraser , A.R. Chain Reaction 8
  • Newby‐Fraser , A.R. Chain Reaction 92
  • 2/25 1988 . “Akinyemi's Call for Black Bomb Spurs Debate.” . In Nuclear Developments 2/25 , 1 – 3 .
  • 11/12 1987 . The African Guardian 11/12 , 7 – 9 . 11 Lagos
  • Spector , Leonard S. 1988 . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 , 303 Cambridge, Massachusetts : Ballinger Publishing Company .
  • Slumpf , Waldo . 7/23 1993 . “South Africa's Limited Nuclear Deterrent Programme and the Dismantling thereof Prior to South Africa's Accession to the Nuclear Non‐Proliferation Treaty,” . 7/23 , Washington : Press Conference .
  • 7–8 1993 . “Slow but Steady,” . In The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7–8 , 5
  • 5/10 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/10 , 3
  • 5/24 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: The Dismantling,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/24 , 10
  • 4/14 1982 . “Pressure on SA to Sign Nuclear Pact.” . In The Star 4/14 , 21
  • Hibbs , Mark . 9/28 1992 . “IAEA believes South Africa Produced More Than 200 Kg Of High Enriched Uranium,” . In Nuclear Fuel 9/28 , 2
  • Spector , Leonard S. The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 303
  • Boyle , Brendan . 3/24 1993 . “S. Africa Says it Has Destroyed its Nuclear Bombs,” . In Executive News Service 3/24 ,
  • 5/10 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/10 , 4
  • Watts , David . 3/26 1993 . “Foreign Scientists Helped to Develop ‘Apartheid Bomb’.” . In Times 3/26 , London
  • 5/24 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: The Dismantling,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/24 , 12
  • Minty , Abdul . “South Africa's Nuclear Capability: The Apartheid Bomb,” . 209
  • Spector , Leonard S. The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread Of Nuclear Weapons 1987–88 432
  • Spector , Leonard S. and Smith , Jacqueline R. 1990 . Nuclear Ambitions: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1989–1990 , 272 San Francisco : Westview Press .
  • 6/7 1984 . “Cooperation with South Africa on Nuclear Pursuits Alleged,” . In Worldwide Report 6/7 , 30 – 31 .
  • Newby‐Fraser , A.R. Chain Reaction 131 – 32 .
  • MacLachan , Ann . 8/16 1984 . “The IAEA and South Africa Have Resumed Negotiations on Safeguards,” . In Nucleonics Week 8/16 , 9
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 303
  • 7–8 1993 . “Slow but Steady,” . In The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7–8 , 6
  • 5/24 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: The Dismantling” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/24 , 12
  • 5/10 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/10 , 4
  • 5/24 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: The Dismantling,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/24 , 10 Waldo Stumpf, 7/23/93
  • 5/28 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/28 , 4
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 287
  • Spector and Smith . Nuclear Ambitions: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1989–1990 288
  • Albright , David and Hibbs , Mark . “South Africa: The ANC and the Atom Bomb,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 4 ( 93 ) 34
  • Hibbs , Mark . 5/6 1993 . “Pretoria Replicated Hiroshima Bomb in Seven Years, then Froze Design,” . In Nucleonics Week 5/6 , 16
  • 5/10 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/10 , 4
  • Albright , David . “A Curious Conversion,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 6 ( 93 ) 9
  • Hibbs , Mark . 9/28 1992 . “IAEA Believes South Africa Produced More than 200 Kg of High‐Enriched Uranium,” . In Nuclear Fuel 9/28 , 2
  • 1991 . “Peace For The Middle East: Israeli's Nuclear Arms,” . In Peace News Bulletin 2 – 3 . (Doc 6705)
  • 5/19 1986 . “U.S. Said to Let Israel Obtain Nuclear Arms Material,” . In Worldwide Report 5/19 , 54 – 66 .
  • 5/28 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/28 , 4
  • 2/25 1988 . “Nuclear Proliferation is Everybody's Business,” . In Los Angeles Times 2/25 , (Doc 2905)
  • Hibbs , Mark . 1/9 1989 . “Germany May Have Approved Exports Alleged by Prosecutor to be...,” . In Nuclear Fuel 1/9 , 2 (Doc 2977)
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 303
  • Goldblat , J. , ed. 1985 . NonProliferation: The Why and the Wherefore , 315 Philadelphia : Taylor and Francis .
  • Albright , David . “A Curious Conversion,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 6 ( 93 ) 8
  • 7–8 1993 . “Slow but Steady,” . In The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7–8 , 5
  • 2/14 1992 . “Possession of Enriched Uranium Said ‘Admitted’,” . In Proliferation Issues 2/14 , 2 – 3 .
  • Navias , Martin . 2/7–13 1992 . The Weekly Mail 2/7–13 , 18 Johannesburg (Doc 7417)
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 288
  • 8/8 1990 . “Koeberg Reactor Vessel to be Inspected,” . In Nuclear Developments 8/8 , 1
  • 7/6 1990 . Engineering News 7/6 , 10 (Doc 5517)
  • 1982 . “The First Batches of UF6 for South Africa,” . Nuclear News , 1 : 25 – 26 . (Doc 1721)
  • Fischer . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier,” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: the Challenges of the Emerging Suppliers Edited by: Potter , W.C. 275
  • 11/10 1983 . “Peace‐time Application of Nuclear Power Explained,” . In Worldwide Report 11/10 , 30
  • Sonnekus , Dries . 9/28 1983 . Mining Week 9/28 , 2 Johannesburg (Doc 894)
  • 5/28 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/28 , 4
  • 7–8 1993 . “Slow but Steady,” . In The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7–8 , 5
  • 2/18 1982 . “Kaiseraugst Purchase Seen as Freeing South Africa from Contract.” . In Nucleonics Week 2/18 , 1 (Doc 1437)
  • 4/22 1982 . “French and South African Crew are Striving to Complete Koeberg‐1,” . In Nucleonics Week 4/22 , 3 – 4 . (Doc 1434)
  • Albright , David . “A Curious Conversion,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 6 ( 93 ) 9
  • Hibbs , Mark . 5/6 1993 . “Pretoria Replicated Hiroshima Bomb in Seven Years, then Froze Design.” . In Nucleonics Week 5/6 , 16
  • 5/28 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/28 , 5
  • Laufer , Rob . 4/8 1982 . “Inside Valindaba: South African Enrichment Plant Steadily Taking Shape,” . In Nucleonics Week 4/8 , 2 (Doc 1441)
  • 6/3 1982 . “The EEC Commission is Trying to Persuade Edlow International to Comply,” . In Nucleonics Week 6/3 , 5 (Doc 1397)
  • “U.S. Firms Involved in Koeberg Fuel Deal,” . Nuclear Engineering International , 6 ( 82 ) 9 (Doc 1436)
  • 7/16 1982 . “S.A. Set to Become No.2 in Uranium.” . In South African Digest 7/16 , 11
  • Payne , Adam . 7/16 1982 . Rand Daily Mail (S.A. Digest 7/16 , 8 (Doc 1181)
  • 1/27 1983 . Nucleonics Week 1/27 , 1
  • Minty , Abdul , Johnson and Martin . “South Africa's Nuclear Capability: Apartheid Bomb,” . In Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War
  • 8/4 1983 . “The Koeberg Nuclear Power Plant...,” . In Nucleonics Week 8/4 , 7 (Doc 1226)
  • 9/1 1983 . “South Africa Probably Would Not Buy Its Next Nuclear Reactor From Framatome,” . In Nucleonics Week 9/1 , 9 – 10 . (Doc 1228)
  • 10/24 1983 . “Paper Welcomes U.S. Decision on Nuclear Plant,” . In Worldwide Report 10/24 , 86
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 291
  • Cooke , Stephanie . 2/9 1984 . “South Africa Will Require Safeguards as Condition for Nuclear Exports,” . In Nucleonics Week 2/9 , 1
  • Spector and Smith . Nuclear Ambitions: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1989–1990 288
  • 6/7 1984 . “Uranium Pledged for Taiwan,” . In Worldwide Report 6/7 , 33
  • 5/25 1984 . Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 5/25 , (Doc 1025)
  • 7/30 1984 . “U.S. Asks Swiss About Rumor of Heavy Water Sale to South Africa,” . In Nucleonics Week 7/30 , 1 (Doc 606)
  • 7/30 1984 . “Radioactive Waste,” . In Worldwide Report 7/30 , 36
  • 7/30 1984 . Rand Daily Mail 7/30 , 36 Johannesburg (Doc 77)
  • 8/28 1984 . “Heavy Water with Swiss Denied,” . In Worldwide Report 8/28 , 14
  • 7/27 1984 . Daily Dispatch , 7/27 , 14 East London . (Doc 1353)
  • 8/16 1984 . “The IAEA and South Africa Resumed Negotiations on Safeguards,” . In Nucleonics Week 8/16 , 9 (Doc 1522)
  • 10/15 1984 . “French Nuclear Power Reactor,” . In Worldwide Report 10/15 , 39
  • 8/21 1984 . Die Burger 8/21 , Cape Town (Doc 75)
  • 1/14 1985 . “International Nuclear Waste Dump Considered,” . In Worldwide Report 1/14 , 1
  • 11/29 1984 . The Star 11/29 , Johannesburg (Doc 71)
  • 2/6 1985 . “Plan to Corner Nuclear Waste Disposal Industry,” . In Worldwide Report 2/6 , 56
  • 12/5 1984 . Engineering Week 12/5 , (Doc 171)
  • 7–8 1993 . “Slow but Steady,” . In The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7–8 , 5
  • 5/10 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/10 , 4
  • Cohen , A. “Israel's Nuclear Ambiguity,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 3 ( 87 ) 17
  • 2/23 1985 . Jane's Defence Weekly 2/23 , (Doc 184)
  • 4/1 1985 . “Uranium Enrichment Plant to Operate by 1987,” . In Worldwide Report 4/1 , 53
  • 7/9 1986 . “Impact of Nuclear Cooperation Shutdown Viewed,” . In Worldwide Report 7/9 , 48
  • Mcindo , Hamish . 5/23 1986 . Business Day 5/23 , 7 Johannesburg (Doc 263)
  • “The House Has Voted to Ban Nuclear Trade with South Africa,” . Nuclear News , 7 ( 85 ) 17 (Doc 17)
  • 2/25 1988 . Nuclear Developments 2/25 , 1 – 3 .
  • 8/1 1985 . “South Africa,” . In Nucleonics Week 8/1 , 16 (Doc 322)
  • 9/12 1985 . “Reagan Places New Restrictions on Nuclear Exports to South Africa,” . In Nucleonics Week 9/12 , 7 – 8 . (Doc 320)
  • 11/25 1985 . Worldwide Report 11/25 , 18 (Doc 1992)
  • 2/21 1986 . “China's Stand on Nuclear Cooperation Reiterated,” . In Worldwide Report 2/21 , 4
  • 2/21 1986 . “China's Nuclear Exports, International Safeguards Discussed,” . In Worldwide Report 2/21 , 5
  • Branscome , James . 2/27 1986 . “South Africa will Offer SWU on World Market in 1988,” . In Nucleonics Week 2/27 , 1 – 2 . (Doc 586)
  • “Indigenous Nuclear Programme Thrives Under Sanctions,” . Nuclear Engineering International , 4 ( 86 ) 10 – 11 . (Doc 822)
  • 8/11 1986 . “Swedish Nuclear Technology Reported,” . In Worldwide Report 8/11 , 35
  • Zahavi , Elivahu . 5/7 1986 . Ha’ Aretz 5/7 , 1 Tel Aviv (Doc 650)
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread Of Nuclear Weapons 1987–88 294 438
  • Fischer . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier,” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: The Challenges of the Emerging Suppliers Edited by: Potter , W.C. 285
  • “South Africa to Join Select Club of SWU Exporters,” . Nuclear Engineering International , 8 ( 86 ) 35 – 36 . (Doc 863)
  • 9/26 1986 . “Accident at Pelindaba Nuclear Plant Reported,” . In Worldwide Report 9/26 , 61
  • 8/7 1986 . Moscow in Zulu to Southern Africa 8/7 , (Doc 877)
  • 11/3 1986 . “Officials Examine Nuclear Technology Prospects,” . In Worldwide Report 11/3 , 67
  • 11/3 1986 . “Country Said Self‐Sufficient on Nuclear Energy,” . In Worldwide Report 11/3 , 66
  • 12/3 1986 . “U.K. Paper: Secret Plant could Make Nuclear Arms,” . In Worldwide Report 12/3 , 56
  • 11/10 1986 . The Daily Telegraph 11/10 , 7 London
  • Hibbs , Mark . 5/10 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/10 , 3
  • 5/24 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: The Dismantling,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/24 , 9
  • 1/28 1988 . “Uranium Enrichment Plant at Valindaba to Start Commercial Product,” . In Nuclear Developments 1/28 , 7 – 9 .
  • 7/24 1987 . Energy 7/24 , 16 – 17 . Johannesburg (Doc 2637)
  • Spector . The Undeclared Bomb: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 1987–1988 303
  • 10/16 1987 . “Implementation of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa,” . In U.N. Document A/42/649 , Report of the Secretary General 10/16 ,
  • Fischer . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier,” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: The Challenges of the Emerging Suppliers Edited by: Potter , W.C. 275
  • 1/29 1987 . “KEPCO Order Boosts Thomson‐CSF Hopes for More Simulator Exports,” . In Nucleonics Week 1/29 , 9 – 10 . (Doc 2127)
  • Fischer . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier,” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: The Challenges of the Emerging Suppliers Edited by: Potter , W.C. 276
  • 7/13 1987 . “Nuclear Self‐sufficiency Expected in 1988,” . In Worldwide Report 7/13 , 1
  • “South Africa Suspension Vote.” . Nuclear Engineering International , 8 ( 87 ) 3 (Doc 1731)
  • 8/27 1987 . “IAEA Headed for September Vote on South African Suspension,” . In Nucleonics Week 8/27 , 5 (Doc 2297)
  • Fischer . Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons: The Past and the Prospects 214 – 15 .
  • “South Africa Stores Spent Fuel and Waste.” . Nuclear Engineering International , 12 ( 87 ) 54 (Doc 1726)
  • Spector . Nuclear Ambitions 277
  • Fischer . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier,” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: The Challenges of the Emerging Suppliers Edited by: Potter , W.C. 279
  • 9/21 1988 . “Country's Nuclear Capability Discussed.” . In Nuclear Developments 9/21 , 3 – 4 .
  • 8/9 1988 . Financial Mail 8/9 , 51 – 52 . Johannesburg (Doc 2715)
  • Fischer . “South Africa: As a Nuclear Supplier” . In International Nuclear Trade and Nonproliferation: The Challenge of the Emerging Suppliers Edited by: Potter , W.C. 279
  • 5/28 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/28 , 4
  • Kessler , Richard . 1/12 1989 . “Menem Reported Ready to Name Castro Madero CNEA Boss Again,” . In Nucleonics Week 1/12 , 4 – 5 . (Doc 2902)
  • 11/6 1989 . “An A‐Bomb for Pretoria?” . In Times 11/6 , 60 London (Doc 3823)
  • “Republic of South Africa's Pressure to Sign NPT,” . Nuclear Engineering International , 6 ( 89 ) 28 (Doc 3563)
  • 10/26 1989 . “Uranium Destined For Libya,” . In Nuclear Developments 10/26 , 3
  • 10/12 1989 . Athens News 10/12 , 3 (Doc 3586)
  • 1989 . “Developments of Concern for Horizontal Proliferation” . PPNN Newsbrief , 10 : 8
  • June 1989 . US General Accounting Office Report GAO/RCED‐89–116 , June , Weapons Related Information and Technology Controls . (Doc 3606)
  • Albright , David . “A Curious Conversion,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 6 ( 93 ) 8
  • 3/29 1993 . “De Klerk Tells World South Africa Built and Dismantled Six Nuclear Weapons,” . In Nuclear Fuel 3/29 , 7
  • Albert and Zamora . 1–2 1991 . “South Africa Flirts with the NPT,” . In The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 1–2 , 27 – 31 . (Doc 5929)
  • Albright , David and Hibbs , Mark . ‘South Africa: The ANC and the Atom Bomb,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 4 ( 93 ) 34
  • 3/22 1993 . “Atomic Energy Corporation Official on Nuclear Program,” . In Proliferation Issues 3/22 , 2
  • 3/6 1993 . Saturday Star 3/6 , 11
  • “South African Missile Capability,” . Disarmament Newsletter , 6 ( 90 ) 5 (Doc 4713)
  • Aftenblad , Stavanger . 6/28 1990 . “Sale to Israel Recounted,” . In Nuclear Developments 6/28 , 39 (Doc 4617)
  • 6/28 1990 . “Environmentalists Challenge Nuclear Fuel Export Plan,” . In Nuclear Developments 6/28 , 1 – 2 .
  • 5/4–10 1990 . The Weekly Mail 5/4–10 , 13 (Doc 4512)
  • 8/8 1990 . “Koeberg Reactor Vessel to be Inspected,” . In Nuclear Developments 8/8 , 1
  • 7/6 1990 . Engineering News 7/6 , 10 Johannesburg (Doc 5517)
  • 12/13 1990 . “South Africa: New Split At Koeberg” . In Nucleonics Week 12/13 , 16 (Doc 5515)
  • 3/24 1993 . “S. Africa Says it Has Destroyed its Nuclear Bombs” . In Reuters 3/24 ,
  • 3/29 1993 . “De Klerk Tells the World South Africa Built and Dismantled Six Nuclear Weapons,” . In Nuclear Fuel 3/29 , 8
  • 8/1 1991 . “South Africa: Split Pin Replacement,” . In Nucleonics Week 8/1 , 15 – 16 . (Doc 6180)
  • 9/2 1991 . “Edlow Asks for License to Import South African Uranium,” . In Nuclear Fuel 9/2 , 14 (Doc 6232)
  • “South African Uranium can Again be Imported to the US,” . Nuclear News , 9 ( 91 ) 28 (Doc 6250)
  • Koch , Eddie . 9/12 1991 . “Civilian Uses for Nuclear Fuel Sought,” . In Proliferation Issues 9/12 , 1
  • 7/5–11 1991 . The Weekly Mail 7/5–11 , 8 (Doc 6381)
  • March 29 1993 . “Nuclear Sites Open to International Inspection,” . In Nuclear Fuel March 29 , 8
  • Radio , Capital . 9/16 1991 . “ (Umtata) ” . 9/16 ,
  • 9/27 1991 . Proliferation Issues 9/27 , 1 (Doc 6511)
  • “South Africa Has Signed a Safeguards Pact With the IAEA,” . Nuclear News , 10 ( 91 ) 26 (Doc 6508)
  • Hibbs , Mark and MacLachlan , Ann . 9/30 1991 . “South Africa Will Provide IAEA Operations Data from SWU Plants,” . In Nuclear Fuel 9/30 , 6 (Doc 6356)
  • 10/18 1991 . “South Africa Said to Abandon Pursuit of Nuclear Weapons,” . In The Washington Post 10/18 , A23 A26 (Doc 6677)
  • “South Africa's Nuclear Arms Programme,” . Peace News Bulletin , 20 ( 91 ) 15
  • 10/19 1991 . The Guardian 10/19 , (Doc 6912)
  • Hibbs , Mark . 12/23 1991 . “Documents Indicate South Africa Enriched Uranium to Weapons‐Grade,” . In Nuclear Fuel 12/23 , 1 6 – 7 . (Doc 6904)
  • 1/23 1992 . “South African Enrichment Plant Now Commercial, AEC Head Says,” . In Nucleonics Week 1/23 , 4 – 5 . (Doc 6655)
  • 1/31 1992 . “R.S.A. Said to Employ 500 Soviet Arms Experts,” . In Proliferation News 1/31 , 1 original source: South African Broadcasting Corporation, 1/11/92. (Doc 7288)
  • Knapik , Michael . 2/17 1992 . “Spot Uranium Price Circles $8/lb Level,” . In Nuclear Fuel 2/17 , 1 – 3 . (Doc 8230)
  • Navias , Martin . 2/14 1992 . “Possession of Enriched Uranium Said Admitted.” . In Proliferation Issues 2/14 , 2 – 3 .
  • 2/7–13 1992 . The Weekly Mail 2/7–13 , 18 Johannesburg (Doc 7417)
  • Maclachlan , Ann . 3/2 1992 . “South Africa's AEC Plans to Test Prototype MLIS Enrichment Unit in 1994,” . In Nuclear Fuel 3/2 , 7 – 8 . (Doc 6688)
  • 4/9 1992 . “Power: Kenya, S.A. Hold Talks,” . In Pretoria News 4/9 , (Doc 7415)
  • Albright , David and Hibbs , Mark . “South Africa: The ANC and the Atom Bomb,” . Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 4 ( 93 ) 33
  • Hibbs , Mark . 10/12 1992 . “Washington Wants to Purchase South African HEU Inventory,” . In Nuclear Fuel 10/12 , 3 – 4 . (Doc 8559)
  • 9/16 1992 . “S.A. and Kenya in Atomic Power Deal,” . In The Star 9/16 , (Doc 8475)
  • 9/28 1992 . Nuclear Fuel 9/28 , 1
  • 3/22 1993 . “Atomic Energy Corporation Official on Nuclear Program,” . In Proliferation Issues 3/22 , 1
  • 3/6 1993 . Saturday Star 3/6 , 11
  • 3/22 1993 . “Atomic Energy Corporation Official on Nuclear Program,” . In Proliferation Issues 3/22 , 2
  • 3/6 1993 . Saturday Star 3/6 , 11
  • 4–5 1993 . “The IAEA Verification in South Africa,” . In GOV/INF/698 4–5 , 5
  • Hibbs , Mark . “A Curious Conversion,” . The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 6 ( 93 ) 8
  • Albright , David . 3/26 1993 . “Foreign Scientist Helped to Develop ‘Apartheid Bomb'” . In Times 3/26 , 2 London
  • 5/6 1993 . “Pretoria Replicated Hiroshima Bomb in Seven Years, then Froze Design.” . In Nucleonics Week 5/6 , 16
  • 5/28 1993 . “South Africa's Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent.” . In Nuclear Fuel 5/28 , 4
  • Boyle , Brendan . 3/24 1993 . “S. Africa Says it Has Destroyed its Nuclear Bombs,” . In Executive News Service 3/24 ,
  • 3/26 1993 . “Foreign Scientist Helped to Develop ‘Apartheid Bomb’.” . In Times 3/26 , 2 London
  • 3/26 1993 . “IAEA Experts Ready Inspection of S. African Sites,” . In Reuters 3/26 ,
  • 6/21 1993 . “AEC of South Africa Seeks Export Markets for Fuel Cycle Services,” . In Nuclear Fuel 6/21 , 10
  • Knapik , Michael . 8/16 1993 . “South African AEC Head Says Stockpile of HEU Will Be Maintained for Safari,” . In NuclearFuel 8/16 , 5 Stumpf, 7/23/93
  • 7/26 1993 . “South Africa ‐ Country to Retain High Enriched Uranium Stockpile,” . In Arms Transfer News , Africa Intelligence Report ‐ Business Day (South Africa) Vol. 93 , 7/26 , Farndon House Information Trust . No. 13

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