Effect of the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Valsartan on Coronary Microvascular Flow Reserve in Moderately Hypertensive Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

REFERENCES

• Burnier M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. Circulation 2001; 103: 904–912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindholm L H, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, Devereux R B, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Julius S, Kjeldsen S E, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Nieminen M S, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Aurup P, Edelman J, Snapinn S. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 1004–1010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velazquez E J, Pfeffer M A, McMurray J V, Maggioni A P, Rouleau J L, Van de Werf F, Kober L, White H D, Swedberg K, Leimberger J D, Gallo P, Sellers M A, Edwards S, Henis M, Califf R M. VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial: baseline characteristics in context. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 537–544
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boos C. Cardiovascular protection with ace inhibitors - more HOPE for EUROPA?. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10: SR23–SR28
   Google Scholar
• Kjeldsen S E, Julius S. Hypertension mega-trials with cardiovascular end points: effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Am Heart J 2004; 148: 747–754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlof B, Devereux R B, Kjeldsen S E, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm L H, Nieminen M S, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995–1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing L M, Reid C M, Ryan P, Beilin L J, Brown M A, Jennings G L, Johnston C I, McNeil J J, Macdonald G J, Marley J E, Morgan T O, West M J. A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 583–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer M A, McMurray J J, Velazquez E J, Rouleau J L, Kober L, Maggioni A P, Solomon S D, Swedberg K, Van de Werf F, White H, Leimberger J D, Henis M, Edwards S, Zelenkofske S, Sellers M A, Califf R M. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1893–1906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonn E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2002; 4: 363–372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schiffrin E L. Beyond blood pressure: the endothelium and atherosclerosis progression. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 115S–122S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman A. Restenosis: another “dysfunction” of the endothelium. Circulation 2005; 111: 8–10
   Google Scholar
• Suwaidi J A, Hamasaki S, Higano S T, Nishimura R A, Holmes D R, Jr., Lerman A. Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2000; 101: 948–954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monnink S H, Tio R A, van Boven A J, van Gilst W H, van Veldhuisen D J. The role of coronary endothelial function testing in patients suspected for angina pectoris. Int J Cardiol 2004; 96: 123–129
   Google Scholar
• Mancini G B, Henry G C, Macaya C, O'Neill B J, Pucillo A L, Carere R G, Wargovich T J, Mudra H, Luscher T F, Klibaner M I, Haber H E, Uprichard A C, Pepine C J, Pitt B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. The TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) Study. Circulation 1996; 94: 258–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola S, Mir M Q, Cheema F A, Khan-Merchant N, Menon R G, Parthasarathy S, Khan B V. Irbesartan and Lipoic Acid Improve Endothelial Function and Reduce Markers of Inflammation in the Metabolic Syndrome. Results of the Irbesartan and Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Dysfunction (ISLAND) Study. Circulation 2005; 25: 343–348
   Google Scholar
• Hein T W, Belardinelli L, Kuo L. Adenosine A(2A) receptors mediate coronary microvascular dilation to adenosine: role of nitric oxide and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 291: 655–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiher A M, Drexler H, Wollschlaeger H, Saurbier B, Just H. Coronary vasomotion in response to sympathetic stimulation in humans: importance of the functional integrity of the endothelium. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1181–1190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson R F, Wyche K, Christensen B V, Zimmer S, Laxson D D. Effects of adenosine on human coronary arterial circulation. Circulation 1990; 82: 1595–606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nekolla S G, Miethaner C, Nguyen N, Ziegler S I, Schwaiger M. Reproducibility of polar map generation and assessment of defect severity and extent assessment in myocardial perfusion imaging using positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med 1998; 25: 1313–1321
   Google Scholar
• Muzik O, Beanlands R, Wolfe E, Hutchins G D, Schwaiger M. Automated region definition for cardiac nitrogen-13-ammonia PET imaging. J Nucl Med 1993; 34: 336–344
   Google Scholar
• Kanatsuka H, Sekiguchi N, Sato K, Akai K, Wang Y, Komaru T, Ashikawa K, Takishima T. Microvascular sites and mechanisms responsible for reactive hyperemia in the coronary circulation of the beating canine heart. Circ Res 1992; 71: 912–922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanatsuka H, Lamping K G, Eastham C L, Dellsperger K C, Marcus M L. Comparison of the effects of increased myocardial oxygen consumption and adenosine on the coronary microvascular resistance. Circ Res 1989; 65: 1296–1305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato A, Terata K, Miura H, Toyama K, Loberiza F R, Jr., Hatoum O A, Saito T, Sakuma I, Gutterman D D. Mechanism of vasodilation to adenosine in coronary arterioles from patients with heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288: H1633–H1640
   Google Scholar
• Buus N H, Bottcher M, Hermansen F, Sander M, Nielsen T T, Mulvany M J. Influence of nitric oxide synthase and adrenergic inhibition on adenosine-induced myocardial hyperemia. Circulation 2001; 104: 2305–2310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiher A M, Drexler H, Wollschlager H, Just H. Endothelial dysfunction of the coronary microvasculature is associated with coronary blood flow regulation in patients with early atherosclerosis. Circulation 1991; 84: 1984–1992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campisi R, Czernin J, Schoder H, Sayre J W, Schelbert H R. L-Arginine normalizes coronary vasomotion in long-term smokers. Circulation 1999; 99: 491–497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Carli M F, Tobes M C, Mangner T, Levine A B, Muzik O, Chakroborty P, Levine T B. Effects of cardiac sympathetic innervation on coronary blood flow. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1208–1215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler T H, Nitzsche E U, Munzel T, Olschewski M, Brink I, Jeserich M, Mix M, Buser P T, Pfisterer M, Solzbach U, Just H. Coronary vasoregulation in patients with various risk factors in response to cold pressor testing: contrasting myocardial blood flow responses to short- and long-term vitamin C administration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 814–822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim T, Nekolla S G, Schreiber K, Odaka K, Volz S, Mehilli J, Guthlin M, Delius W, Schwaiger M. Assessment of coronary flow reserve: comparison between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 864–870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drzezga A E, Blasini R, Ziegler S I, Bengel F M, Picker W, Schwaiger M. Coronary microvascular reactivity to sympathetic stimulation in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Nucl Med 2000; 41: 837–844
   Google Scholar
• Laine H, Raitakari O T, Niinikoski H, Pitkanen O P, Iida H, Viikari J, Nuutila P, Knuuti J. Early impairment of coronary flow reserve in young men with borderline hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 147–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamasaki S, Al Suwaidi J, Higano S T, Miyauchi K, Holmes D R, Jr., Lerman A. Attenuated coronary flow reserve and vascular remodeling in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1654–1660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitenberg A, Antony I, Aptecar E, Arnoult F, Lerebours G. Impairment of flow-dependent coronary dilation in hypertensive patients. Demonstration by cold pressor test induced flow velocity increase. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8: 13S–18S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Munzel T, Tarpey M, Freeman B A, Griendling K K, Harrison D G. Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 1916–1923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parodi O, Neglia D, Palombo C, Sambuceti G, Giorgetti A, Marabotti C, Gallopin M, Simonetti I, L'Abbate A. Comparative effects of enalapril and verapamil on myocardial blood flow in systemic hypertension. Circulation 1997; 96: 864–873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motz W, Strauer B E. Improvement of coronary flow reserve after long-term therapy with enalapril. Hypertension 1996; 27: 1031–1038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buus N H, Bottcher M, Jorgensen C G, Christensen K L, Thygesen K, Nielsen T T, Mulvany M J. Myocardial perfusion during long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or beta-blockade in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 2004; 44: 465–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda D, Nohara R, Tamaki N, Hosokawa R, Inada H, Hikai T, Chen L G, Tadamura E, Kudou T, Konishi J, Fujita M, Sasayama S. Evaluation of coronary blood flow reserve by 13N-NH3 positron emission computed tomography (PET) with dipyridamole in the treatment of hypertension with the ACE inhibitor (Cilazapril). Ann Nucl Med 2000; 14: 353–360
   Google Scholar
• Schwartzkopff B, Brehm M, Mundhenke M, Strauer B E. Repair of coronary arterioles after treatment with perindopril in hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension 2000; 36: 220–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar