The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Distribution of Macromolecules in Normal and Pathological Tissues: Potential Therapeutic Consequences

REFERENCES

• Aszodi A, Legate K R, Nakchbandi I, Fassler R. What mouse mutants teach us about extracellular matrix function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2006; 22: 591–621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukland K. Distribution volumes and macromolecular mobility in rat tail tendon interstitium. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: H409–H419
   Google Scholar
• Aukland K, Nicolaysen G. Interstitial fluid volume: local regulatory mechanisms. Physiol Rev 1981; 61: 556–643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukland K, Reed R K. Interstitial-lymphatic mechanisms in the control of extracellular fluid volume. Physiol Rev 1993; 73: 1–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukland K, Tenstad O, Wiig H. Distribution spaces for hyaluronan and albumin in rat tail tendons. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 281: H1589–1597
   Google Scholar
• Aukland K, Wiig H, Tenstad O, Renkin E M. Interstitial exclusion of macromolecules studied by graded centrifugation of rat tail tendon. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: H2794–H2803
   Google Scholar
• Baxter L T, Yuan F, Jain R K. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the perivascular distribution of bifunctional antibodies and haptens: comparison with experimental data. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 5838–5844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell D R, Mullins R J. Effects of increased venous pressure on albumin-and IgG-excluded volumes in muscle. Am J Physiol 1982; 242: H1044–H1049
   Google Scholar
• Bell D R, Mullins R J. Effects of increased venous pressure on albumin-and IgG-excluded volumes in skin. Am J Physiol 1982; 242: H1038–H1043
   Google Scholar
• Bell D R, Watson P D, Renkin E M. Exclusion of plasma proteins in interstitium of tissues from the dog hind paw. Am J Physiol 1980; 239: H532–H538
   Google Scholar
• Bert J L, Mathieson J M, Pearce R H. The exclusion of human serum albumin by human dermal collagenous fibres and within human dermis. Biochem J 1982; 201: 395–403
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bert J L, Pearce R H. The interstitium and microvascular exchange. Handbook of Physiology. Sect. 2: The cardiovascular system, E M Renkin, C C Michel. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD 1984; 521–547
   Google Scholar
• Bert J L, Pearce R H, Mathieson J M. Concentration of plasma albumin in its accessible space in postmortem human dermis. Microvasc Res 1986; 32: 211–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockris J OM, Reddy A KN. Ion-Ion Interactions. Modern Electrochemistry 1, Ionics, Second Edition ed, J OM Bockris, A KN Reddy. Plenum Press, New York and London 1998; 225–347
   Google Scholar
• Canty E G, Kadler K E. Procollagen trafficking, processing and fibrillogenesis. J Cell Sci 2005; 118: 1341–1353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi J, Credit K, Henderson K, Deverkadra R, He Z, Wiig H, Vanpelt H, Flessner M F. Intraperitoneal immunotherapy for metastatic ovarian carcinoma: Resistance of intratumoral collagen to antibody penetration. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 1906–1912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comper W D, Laurent T C. Physiological function of connective tissue polysaccharides. Physiol Rev 1978; 58: 255–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig A S, Birtles M J, Conway J F, Parry D A. An estimate of the mean length of collagen fibrils in rat tail–tendon as a function of age. Connect Tissue Res 1989; 19: 51–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry F E. Mechanisms and thermodynamics of transcapillary exchange. Handbook of Physiology. Sect. 2: The cardiovascular system, E M Renkin, C C Michel. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD 1984; 309–374
   Google Scholar
• Dellian M, Yuan F, Trubetskoy V S, Torchilin V P, Jain R K. Vascular permeability in a human tumour xenograft: molecular charge dependence. Br J Cancer 2000; 82: 1513–1518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eikenes L, Bruland O S, Brekken C, Davies Cde L. Collagenase increases the transcapillary pressure gradient and improves the uptake and distribution of monoclonal antibodies in human osteosarcoma xenografts. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 4768–4773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmajer R, Perlish J S, Timpl R, Olsen B R. Procollagen intermediates during tendon fibrillogenesis. J Histochem Cytochem 1988; 36: 1425–1432
   Google Scholar
• Flessner M F, Choi J, Credit K, Deverkadra R, Henderson K. Resistance of tumor interstitial pressure to the penetration of intraperitoneally delivered antibodies into metastatic ovarian tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 3117–3125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flessner M F, Choi J, He Z, Credit K. Physiological characterization of human ovarian cancer cells in a rat model of intraperitoneal antineoplastic therapy. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97: 1518–1526
   Google Scholar
• Gelse K, Poschl E, Aigner T. Collagens—structure, function, and biosynthesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55: 1531–1546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrist S A, Parker J C. Exclusion of charged macromolecules in the pulmonary interstitium. Microvasc Res 1985; 30: 88–98
   Google Scholar
• Granger H J, Laine G A, Barnes G E, Lewis R E. Dynamics and control of transmicrovascular fluid exchange. Edema, N C Staub, A E Taylor. Raven Press, New York 1984; 189–228
   Google Scholar
• Gullino P M, Clark S H, Grantham F H. The interstitial fluid of solid tumors. Cancer Res 1964; 24: 780–798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyenge C C, Bowen B D, Reed R K, Bert J L. Transport of fluid and solutes in the body I. Formulation of a mathematical model. Am J Physiol 1999; 277: H1215–1227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gyenge C C, Tenstad O, Wiig H. In vivo determination of steric and electrostatic exclusion of albumin in rat skin and skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2003; 552: 907–916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoare D G, Koshland D E, Jr. A method for the quantitative modification and estimation of carboxylic acid groups in proteins. J Biol Chem 1967; 242: 2447–2453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson R L, Busch S J, Cardin A D. Glycosaminoglycans: molecular properties, protein interactions, and role in physiological processes. Physiol Rev 1991; 71: 481–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain R K. The Eugene M. Landis Award Lecture 1996. Delivery of molecular and cellular medicine to solid tumors. Microcirculation 1997; 4: 1–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain R K. The next frontier of molecular medicine: delivery of therapeutics. Nat Med 1998; 4: 655–657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaer M. Role of extracellular matrix in adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to mechanical loading. Physiol Rev 2004; 84: 649–698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krasnici S, Werner A, Eichhorn M E, Schmitt-Sody M, Pahernik S A, Sauer B, Schulze B, Teifel M, Michaelis U, Naujoks K, Dellian M. Effect of the surface charge of liposomes on their uptake by angiogenic tumor vessels. Int J Cancer 2003; 105: 561–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krol A, Dewhirst M W, Yuan F. Effects of cell damage and glycosaminoglycan degradation on available extravascular space of different dextrans in a rat fibrosarcoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2003; 19: 154–164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krol A, Maresca J, Dewhirst M W, Yuan F. Available volume fraction of macromolecules in the extravascular space of a fibrosarcoma: implications for drug delivery. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 4136–4141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampe A K, Bushby K M. Collagen VI related muscle disorders. J Med Genet 2005; 42: 673–685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levick J R. Flow through interstitium and other fibrous matrices. Q J Exp Physiol 1987; 72: 409–437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S T, Katz E P. An electrostatic model for collagen fibrils. The interaction of reconstituted collagen with Ca++, Na+, and Cl. Biopolymers 1976; 15: 1439–1460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathieson J M, Pearce R H, Bert J L. Size of a plasma protein affects its content in postmortem human dermis. Microvasc Res 1986; 32: 224–229
   Google Scholar
• Mehta D, Malik A B. Signaling mechanisms regulating endothelial permeability. Physiol Rev 2006; 86: 279–367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer F A, Koblentz M, Silberberg A. Structural investigation of loose connective tissue by using a series of dextran fractions as non-interacting macromolecular probes. Biochem J 1977; 161: 285–291
   Google Scholar
• Michel C. Fluid movement through capillary walls. Handbook of Physiology. The cardiovascular system. Microcirculation, E Renkin, C Michel. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD 1984; 375–409
   Google Scholar
• Michel C C, Curry F E. Microvascular permeability. Physiol Rev 1999; 79: 703–761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mier P D, Wood M. A simplified technique for the analysis of tissue acid mucopolysaccharides. Clin Chim Acta 1969; 24: 105–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miner J H, Yurchenco P D. Laminin functions in tissue morphogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2004; 20: 255–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullins R J, Bell D R. Changes in interstitial volume and masses of albumin and IgG in rabbit skin and skeletal muscle after saline volume loading. Circ Res 1982; 51: 305–313
   Google Scholar
• Mullins R J, Powers M R, Bell D R. Albumin and IgG in skin and skeletal muscle after plasmapheresis with saline loading. Am J Physiol 1987; 252: H71–79
   Google Scholar
• Myllyharju J, Kivirikko K I. Collagens, modifying enzymes and their mutations in humans, flies and worms. Trends Genet 2004; 20: 33–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netti P A, Berk D A, Swartz M A, Grodzinsky A J, Jain R K. Role of extracellular matrix assembly in interstitial transport in solid tumors. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 2497–2503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netti P A, Hamberg L M, Babich J W, Kierstead D, Graham W, Hunter G J, Wolf G L, Fischman A, Boucher Y, Jain R K. Enhancement of fluid filtration across tumor vessels: implication for delivery of macromolecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 3137–3142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor S W, Bale W F. Accessibility of circulating immunoglobulin G to the extravascular compartment of solid rat tumors. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 3719–3723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogston A G, Phelps C F. The partition of solutes between buffer solutions and solutions containing hyaluronic acid. Biochem J 1961; 78: 827–833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxlund H, Manschot J, Viidik A. The role of elastin in the mechanical properties of skin. J Biomech 1988; 21: 213–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker J C, Falgout H J, Grimbert F A, Taylor A E. The effect of increased vascular pressure on albumin-excluded volume and lymph flow in the dog lung. Circ Res 1980; 47: 866–875
   Google Scholar
• Parker J C, Falgout H J, Parker R E, Granger D N, Taylor A E. The effect of fluid volume loading on exclusion of interstitial albumin and lymph flow in the dog lung. Circ Res 1979; 45: 440–450
   Google Scholar
• Parker J C, Gilchrist S, Cartledge J T. Plasma–lymph exchange and interstitial distribution volumes of charged macromolecules in the lung. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59: 1128–1136
   Google Scholar
• Pearce R H, Grimmer B J. Age and the chemical constitution of normal human dermis. J Invest Dermatol 1972; 58: 347–361
   Google Scholar
• Pearce R H, Laurent T C. Exclusion of dextrans by meshworks of collagenous fibres. Biochem J 1977; 163: 617–625
   Google Scholar
• Popova S N, Lundgren-Akerlund E, Wiig H, Gullberg D. Physiology and pathology of collagen receptors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 190: 179–187
   Google Scholar
• Putnam F W. Alpha, beta, gamma, omega-The roster of the plasma proteins. The Plasma Proteins. Structure, Function, And Genetic Control, 2nd ed, F W Putman. Academic Press, New York 1975; 52–108
   Google Scholar
• Raman R, Sasisekharan V, Sasisekharan R. Structural insights into biological roles of protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions. Chem Biol 2005; 12: 267–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed R K, Berg A, Gjerde E A, Rubin K. Control of interstitial fluid pressure: role of beta1-integrins. Semin Nephrol 2001; 21: 222–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed R K, Lepsoe S, Wiig H. Interstitial exclusion of albumin in rat dermis and subcutis in over-and dehydration. Am J Physiol 1989; 257: H1819–H1827
   Google Scholar
• Reed R K, Lilja K, Laurent T C. Hyaluronan in the rat with special reference to the skin. Acta Physiol Scand 1988; 134: 405–411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rippe B, Haraldsson B. Transport of macromolecules across microvascular walls: the two-pore theory. Physiol Rev 1994; 74: 163–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronnov-Jessen L, Petersen O W, Bissell M J. Cellular changes involved in conversion of normal to malignant breast: importance of the stromal reaction. Physiol Rev 1996; 76: 69–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders J E, Goldstein B S. Collagen fibril diameters increase and fibril densities decrease in skin subjected to repetitive compressive and shear stresses. J Biomech 2001; 34: 1581–1587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schessl J, Zou Y, Bonnemann C G. Congenital muscular dystrophies and the extracellular matrix. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2006; 13: 80–89
   Google Scholar
• Stohrer M, Boucher Y, Stangassinger M, Jain R K. Oncotic pressure in solid tumors is elevated. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4251–4255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svoboda E L, Howley T P, Deporter D A. Collagen fibril diameter and its relation to collagen turnover in three soft connective tissues in the rat. Connect Tissue Res 1983; 12: 43–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor A, Granger D. Exchange of macromolecular substances across the capillary wall. Handbook of Physiology. The cardiovascular system. Microcirculation, E Renkin, C Michel. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD 1984; 467–520
   Google Scholar
• Taylor A E, Parker J C. Intersitial excluded volumes: the effect of charge. J Physiol 2003; 553: 333
   Google Scholar
• Tengblad A, Laurent U B, Lilja K, Cahill R N, Engstrom–Laurent A, Fraser J R, Hansson H E, Laurent T C. Concentration and relative molecular mass of hyaluronate in lymph and blood. Biochem J 1986; 236: 521–525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toole B P. Hyaluronan: from extracellular glue to pericellular cue. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 528–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veit G, Kobbe B, Keene D R, Paulsson M, Koch M, Wagener R. Collagen XXVIII, a novel von Willebrand factor A domain–containing protein with many imperfections in the collagenous domain. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 3494–3504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson P D, Bell D R, Renkin E M. Early kinetics of large molecule transport between plasma and lymph in dogs. Am J Physiol 1980; 239: H525–H531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson P D, Grodins F S. An analysis of the effects of the interstitial matrix on plasma–lymph transport. Microvasc Res 1978; 16: 19–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiederhielm C A, Black L L. Osmotic interaction of plasma proteins with interstitial macromolecules. Am J Physiol 1976; 231: 638–g641
   Google Scholar
• Wiederhielm C A, Fox J R, Lee D R. Ground substance mucopolysaccharides and plasma proteins: their role in capillary water balance. Am J Physiol 1976; 230: 1121–1125
   Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Aukland K, Tenstad O. Isolation of interstitial fluid from rat mammary tumors by a centrifugation method. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 284: H416–424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiig H, DeCarlo M, Sibley L, Renkin E M. Interstitial exclusion of albumin in rat tissues measured by a continuous infusion method. Am J Physiol 1992; 263: H1222–H1233
   Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Gyenge C C, Tenstad O. The contribution of sterical and electrostatical factors on distribution of macromolecules in the interstitial space. Physiology News 2004; 56: 29–30
   Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Gyenge C C, Tenstad O. The interstitial distribution of macromolecules in rat tumours is influenced by the negatively charged matrix components. J Physiol 2005; 567: 557–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Kaysen G A, al-Bander H A, De Carlo M, Sibley L, Renkin E M. Interstitial exclusion of IgG in rat tissues estimated by continuous infusion. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H212–H219
   Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Kolmannskog O, Tenstad O, Bert J L. Effect of charge on interstitial distribution of albumin in rat dermis in vitro. J Physiol 2003; 550: 505–514
   Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Rubin K, Reed R K. New and active role of the interstitium in control of interstitial fluid pressure: potential therapeutic consequences. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003; 47: 111–121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Tenstad O. Interstitial exclusion of positively and negatively charged IgG in rat skin and muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280: H1505–1512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiig H, Tenstad O, Bert J L. Effect of hydration on interstitial distribution of charged albumin in rat dermis in vitro. J Physiol 2005; 569: 631–641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar