Protection by Glycyrrhizin against Warm Ischemia-Reperfusion–Induced Cellular Injury and Derangement of the Microcirculatory Blood Flow in the Rat Liver

References

• Almond NE, Wheatley AM. Measurement of hepatic perfusion in rats by laser Doppler flowmetry. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: G203–G209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erni D, Banic A, Wheatley AM, Sigurdsson GH. Haemorrhage during anaesthesia and surgery: continuous measurement of microcirculatory blood flow in the kidney, liver, skin, and skeletal muscle. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1995; 12: 423–429
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Florine-Casteel K, Lemasters JJ, Herman B. Lipid order in hepatocyte plasma membrane blebs during ATP depletion measured by digitized video fluorescence polarization microscopy. FASEB J 1991; 5: 2078–2084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labelling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 1992; 119: 493–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gujral JS, Farhood A, Bajt ML, Jaeschke H. Neutrophils aggravate acute liver injury during obstructive cholestasis in bile duct–ligated mice. Hepatology 2003; 38: 355–363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iino S, Tango T, Matsushima T, Toda G, Miyake K, Hino K, et al. Therapeutic effects of stronger neo-minophagen C at different doses on chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2001; 19: 31–40
   Google Scholar
• Ito T, Kawahara K, Nakamura T, Yamada S, Nakamura T, Abeyama K, et al. High-mobility group box 1 protein promotes development of microvascular thrombosis in rats. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 109–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke H. Reactive oxygen and ischemic/reperfusion injury of the liver. Chem Biol Interact 1991; 79: 115–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke H. Kupffer cell–induced oxdant stress during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion: Does the controversy continue?. Hepatology 1999; 30: 1527–1528
   Google Scholar
• Jaeschke H, Farhood A. Neutrophil and Kupffer cell–induced oxidant stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver in vivo. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: G355–G362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke H, Hasegawa T. Role of neutrophils in acute inflammatory liver injury. Liver Int 2006; 26: 912–919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke H, Lemasters JJ. Apoptosis versus oncotic necrosis in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1246–1257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke H, Smith CV, Mitchell JR. Reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reflow injury in isolated perfused rat liver. J Clin Invest 1988; 81: 1240–1246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang D-G, Sohn E-J, Mun Y-J, Woo W-H, Lee H-S. Glycyrrhizin ameliorates renal function defects in the early-phase of ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Phytother Res 2003; 17: 947–951
   Google Scholar
• Kilgore KS, Tanhehco EJ, Park JL, Naylor KB, Anderson MB, Lucchesi BR. Reduction of myocardial infract size in vivo by carbohydrate-based glycomimetics. J Pharmacol 1998; 284: 427–435
   Google Scholar
• Klune JR, Dhupar R, Cardinal J, Billiar TR, Tsung A. HMGB1: endogenous danger signalling. Mol Med 2008; 14: 476–484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koseki M, Nishida T, Kamiike W, Nakao K, Kawashima Y, Dan C, et al. Mechanism of leakage of cytosolic enzymes from anoxic rat liver cells: disruption of blebs by blood flow. Biomed Res 1988; 9: 47–57
   Google Scholar
• Lentsch AB, Kato A, Yoshidome H, McMasters KM, Edwards MJ. Inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for warm hepatic ischemica/reperfusion injury. Hepatology 2000; 32: 169–173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtman SN, Lemasters JJ. Role of cytokines and cytokine-producing cells in reperfusion injury to the liver. Semin Liver Dis 1999; 19: 171–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindert KA, Caldwell-Kenkel JC, Nukina S, Lemasters JJ, Thurman RG. Activation of Kupffer cells on reperfusion following hypoxia:particle phagocytosis in a low-flow, reflow model. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: G345–G350
   Google Scholar
• Liu P, McGuire GM, Fisher MA, Farhood A, Smith CW, Jaeschke H. Activation of Kupffer cells and neutrophils for reactive oxygen formation is responsible for endotoxin-enhanced liver injury after hepatic ischemia. Shock 1995; 3: 56–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manns M, Bakulin I, Blokhina N, Khomutjanskaya N, Wedemeyer H, Roskams T, Dienes HP, Hasebe M, Platon J, et al. A 52-week multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizin in patients with chronic hepatitis C not responding to IFN alpha or PEG-IFN plus ribavirin. Hepatology 2007; 46(Suppl. 1)827A
   Google Scholar
• Matsui S, Matsumoto H, Sonoda Y, Ando K, Aizu-Yokota E, Sato T, et al. Glycyrrhizin and related compounds downregulate production of inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin 1 in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4: 1633–1644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menger MD, Vollmar B. Role of microcirculation in transplantation. Microcirculation 2000; 7: 291–306
   Google Scholar
• Miyoshi H, Umeshita K, Sakon M, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Fujitani K, Gotoh M, et al. Calpain activation in plasma membrane bleb formation during tert-butyl hydroperoxide–induced rat hepatocyte injury. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1897–1904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica L, De Marchis F, Spitaleri A, Dallacosta C, Pennacchini D, Zamai M, et al. Glycyrrhizin binds to high-mobility group box 1 protein and inhibits its cytokine activities. Chem Biol 2007; 14: 431–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moloney WC, McPherson K, Fliegelman L. Esterase activity in leukocytes demonstrated by the use of naphthol AS-D chloroacetate substrate. J Histochem 1960; 8: 200–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai T, Egashira T, Kudo, Yamanaka Y, Shimada T. Attenuation of dysfunction in the ischemia-reperfused liver by glycyrrhizin. Jpn J Pharmacol 1992; 58: 209–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okamoto T. The protective effect of glycyrrhizin on anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatitis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 387: 229–232
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pannen MD. New insights into the regulation of hepatic blood flow after ischemia and reperfusion. Anesth Analg 2002; 94: 1448–1457
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ram A, Mabalirajan U, Das M, Bhattacharya I, Dinda AK, Gangal SV, et al. Glycyrrhizin alleviates experimental allergic asthma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6: 1468–1477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaiah SK, Jaeschke H. Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory liver injury. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 35: 757–766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao BN, Anderson MB, Musser JH, Gilbert JH, Schaefer ME, Foxall C, et al. Sialyl Lewis X mimics derived from a pharmacophore search are selection inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 19663–19666
   Google Scholar
• Rudiger HA, Clavien P-A. Tumor necrosis factor a, but not Fas, mediates hepatocellular apoptosis in the murine ischemic liver. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 202–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiki Y, Shirai K, Saito Y, Yoshida S, Mori Y, Wakashin M. Effect of glycyrrhizin on lysis of hepatocyte membrane induced by antiliver cell membrane antibody. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992; 7: 12–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindram D, Porte RJ, Hoffman MR, Bentley RC, Clavien P-A. Synergism between platelets and leukocytes in inducing endothelial cell apoptosis in the cold ischemic rat liver: a Kupffer cell–mediated injury. FASEB J 2001; 15: 1230–1232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitia G, Iannacone M, Muller S, Bianchi ME, Guidotti LG. Treatment with HMGB1 inhibitors diminishes CTL-induced liver disease in HBV transgenic mice. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81: 100–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun CK, Zhang XY, Zimmermann A, Davis G, Wheatley AM. Effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the microcirculation of the steatotic liver of the Zucker rat. Transplantation 2001; 72: 1625–1631
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki H. Prevention of progression in chronic liver diseas: an update on SNMC (Stronger Neo-Minophagen C). Falk Workshop in Honour of Hans Popper's 100th Birthday, N Hayashi, MP Manns. Kluwer Academic, DordrechtThe Netherlands 2004; 1–5
   Google Scholar
• Tawadrous MN, Zimmermann A, Zhang XY, Wheatley AM. Persistence of impaired hepatic microcirculation after nonarterialized liver transplantation in the rat. Microcirculation 2002; 9: 363–375
   Google Scholar
• Tsung A, Klune JR, Zhang X, Jeyabalan G, Cao Z, Peng X, et al. HMGB1 release induced by liver ischemia involves Toll-like receptor 4–dependent reactive oxygen species production and calcium-mediated signaling. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 2913–2923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsung A, Sahai R, Tanaka H, Nakao A, Fink MP, Lotze MT, et al. The nuclear factor HMGB1 mediates hepatic injury after murine liver ischemia-reperfusion. J Exp Med 2005; 201: 1135–1143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rossum TGJ, Vulto AG, De Man RA, Brouwer JT, Schalm SW. Review article: glycyrrhizin as a potential treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12: 199–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T, Kubota S, Nagaya M, Ozaki S, Nagafuchi H, Akashi K, et al. The role of HMGB-1 on the development of necrosis during hepatic ischemia and hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. J Surg Res 2005; 124: 59–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida T, Tsuda Y, Takeuchi D, Kobayashi M, Pollard RB, Suzuki F. Glycyrrhizin inhibits neutrophil-associated generation of alternatively activated macrophages. Cytokine 2006; 33: 317–322
   Google Scholar